Moss ndimakhala m'nkhalango zouma komanso zouma, motero sitimakumana nazo m'moyo ndipo sitidziwa zambiri za chomera chodabwitsachi. M'malo mwake, kamodzi kanatha amatha kupanga bandeji yachipatala ndikuwonetsa njira omwe amataya bowa. Othandizira nyumba zokhala zachilengedwe amagwiritsirabe ntchito mbeu zouma m'nyumba zawo. Ndipo tili ndi chidwi kwambiri ndi mbali yokongoletsera ya moss: ndizotheka kugwiritsa ntchito kapangidwe kake ndikukulitsa nokha m'nyumba ya dziko.
"Kalipentala wa Velvet" monga zokongoletsera zokongoletsera
Mphuno ndizachilendo mu kapangidwe kake ndi moyo wawo. Mosiyana ndi maiko ena oimira maluwa - mitengo, udzu, mbewu zamaluwa - zilibe mizu ndi maluwa, komabe, mbewu zakunja zomwe zimasintha masamba zimakhala ndi mawonekedwe okongoletsa mwapadera.
Mitundu yosiyanasiyana, kuyambira wobiriwira wonyezimira mpaka wofiirira, imakupatsani mwayi wopanga maonekedwe okongola, kukongoletsa mapiri ndi mapiri a miyala, "zaka" njerwa za njerwa, stumps zamitengo ndi miyala yokumbira miyala
Ajapani anali oyamba kugwiritsa ntchito moss pakuwunika. Anaona kuti tinthu tating'onoting'ono m'malo ena abwino timakhala ndipo sitimakhala oyipa kuposa mbewu zam'munda, ndipo nthawi zina timawakulitsa ndi mawonekedwe awo.
Kalelo m'zaka za zana la 14, amonke achi Japan adapanga munda wa Sahoji moss, womwe, atasinthidwa pang'ono, udakalipo.
Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mbewa ndi mandeni imakutira zilumba zazing'ono, miyala, mitengo ikuluikulu, komanso dothi lokhala ndi utoto wamitundu yosiyanasiyana, ndikupanga bata ndi mtendere
Chikhalidwe chogwiritsa ntchito moss popanga mapangidwe afalikira ku Europe, kenako kumayiko ena, kumadera onse komwe nyengo ili ndi mwayi woti mbewu zapaderazi zikule.
Njira yodziwika bwino kwambiri yokongoletsera nyumba yanyumba yachilimwe ndi kupanga miyala yamiyala, yomwe ndi gawo la munda wamiyala kapena miyala. Mwala wokutidwa ndi velvet wobiriwira, mwalawo umawoneka mosiyana kwambiri - wakale, wodabwitsa, wopatsa chidwi.
Mango ndi zilembo zophatikizana zomwe zimapangidwa kuti zizipanga mitengo yamitengo yotentha: kuphimba mbali zam'munsi za mitengoyo, zimateteza nthawi yomweyo kuchilala komanso kutentha kwambiri
Pakuyerekeza kuthekera kokongoletsa mitundu yayikulu ndi yaying'ono, moss ndiyopezeka paliponse. Imakhala ndi "zifaniziro" zabwino kwambiri, mipope, akasupe ndi zojambula zam'munda zomwe zili pamithunzi, komanso imatiteteza ku madenga a nyumba ndi m'misasa. Ndipo monga chomera chokutira, chimapanga njira za m'munda, mabedi ang'onoang'ono maluwa, mayiwe ndi m'mphepete mwa mitsinje.
Zinsinsi ndi malamulo a kukula moss
Ngati ndinu katswiri wamaluwa ndipo mwaphunzira kale maluwa, kusamalira udzu ndi kukolola zipatso zabwino nthawi yakuthengo, mutha kuyamba kubereka moss ndikukongoletsa zokongoletsera dziko kapena mpanda nawo.
Oyamba opanga amatha kulima okha mosses kapena lichens, atazindikira zoyambira kusamalira zoimira zachilendo zachilengedwe.
Kodi malo abwino kulimapo dimba la moss ali kuti?
Monga mukudziwa, moss imakonda mthunzi wosakhalitsa komanso chinyezi chambiri, motero musanagule zokongoletsera m'malo ogulitsira kapena kuzitulutsa m'nkhalango, onetsetsani kuti malo anu akunyumba ali ndi malo omwe akukwaniritsa izi.
Mwachitsanzo, ikhoza kukhala dera laling'ono la nkhalango yosakanikirana kapena yophatikizika momwe mitengo ya payini, spruce, larch kapena fir imakula.
Monga lamulo, nthambi zodziyanika zimapanga penumbra yofunikira, ndipo nthaka ili ndi madzi okwanira. Ngati mitengo ya paini yowala ili pa dothi louma, sioyenera kukula mosses
Mbali yakumpoto ya gazebo kapena nyumba, komwe dzuwa limawoneka molawirira m'mawa kapena kumapeto kwa usiku, ndilothekanso kupanga kapeti velvet. Kuwala kocheperako pang'ono kumatha kukhala kothandiza - pansi pa kuwala kwa dzuwa, masamba achilendo amasintha mtundu ndikupeza mithunzi yambiri yosangalatsa.
Malo abwino oyambira kubowoleza mbewa ndi dothi laminda. Kuchokera pazinthu zazing'ono za soss mossy, mutha kutenga udzu wokongola modabwitsa mosiyanasiyana.
Mapiritsi olimba atha kubzalidwe pansi pa nduwira za mitengo, komanso m'malo owoneka bwino, koma osasinthika - amapanga mawonekedwe okongola, apadera mawonekedwe a kapinga
Ngati dambo lonyinyidwa mwangozi m'nyumba yamtunduwu, ndi moss yomwe imatha kukhala chinthu chachikulu chokongoletsa. Dziwe laling'ono lokhala ndi madzi am'madzi limayikidwa pakatikati pa chiwembucho, ndipo magombe achisungiko ndi malo ozungulira amapangidwa pogwiritsa ntchito mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya bryophytes ndi lichens.
Kubalalika kwa miyala yophimbidwa ndi moss, boti lakalelo losweka, ndi bwato lokongoletsa, lomwe linabisa mphuno yake m'mphepete mwa mossy, mogwirizana.
Mthunzi ndi chinyezi sindizo zokhazo zomwe zikuchititsa bwino kukula kwa mbewa. Akatswiri odziwa zamaluwa amalimbikitsa kuphunzira koyambirira kwa nthaka acidity. Moyenera, pH iyenera kukhala pakati pa magawo 5 mpaka 6.5.
Kukonzekera chomera
Chifukwa chake, tidapeza tsamba la zoyeserera, likungopeza chomera chomwecho. Sitigwirizana ndi kulima kwa moss, koma tidzapeza mbewu za achikulire - osachepera kuti tiwone zotsatira zake. Tili ndi njira ziwiri zomwe zilipo:
- gulani mitundu ingapo yokongoletsera mu shopu yamaluwa;
- Pitani kunkhalango kukadzitengera nokha zitsanzo.
Njira yoyamba ndiyabwino chifukwa zitha kukhala ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mawonekedwe ndi kukula. Komabe, palibe chitsimikizo kuti adzazika mizu patsamba lanu, onetsetsani kuti mukufunsa ogulitsa komwe ndi kuti amagwirizana ndi ziti? Moss wogula amadyetsedwa ndi feteleza ndikuwukonza kuchokera kumatenda kuti ayambe kusuntha.
Zomera zochokera kunkhalango yapafupi zimatha kuzolowera mwachangu malo okhala, ngati zikuwoneka ngati malo ena okukula. Kodi mbewa zimapezeka kuti? Choyamba, m'nkhalango yapafupi kwambiri ya coniferous.
Sankhani mitundu yomwe mudzagwiritse ntchito: ngati mungaganize zokongoletsa mwalawo, chotsani mapilo pamiyala, matope a mitengo azikongoletsa mitengo ikuluikulu, ndipo kapeti wobiriwira wokutira pansi ndiwothandiza pokongoletsa zitsamba ndi kapinga
Matikiti a moss amatha kupezeka mumzinda. Pitani m'mapaki akale ndi mabwalo, zipilala zakale zamiyala yamiyala italiitali mipanda, matawuni opambanapo - kwinakwake mudzapunthwa pa carpet wakuda wobiriwira.
Yesani kupeza mitundu yambiri yosiyanasiyana momwe mungathere, osiyana pakutalika, mthunzi ndi malo omwe akukula - kuyeserera nawo, sankhani mbewu zosagwirizana kwambiri zomwe zili zoyenera patsamba lanu
Sankhani toyesa okhwima, athanzi labwino komanso owala. Osadula mbewu kapena kudula nsonga zake zokha. Zikhala zolondola kukumba pilo kuchokera kumbali zonse ndikusiyanitsa pang'ono pang'ono ndi maziko.
Musayese kuwononga zokongoletsera zapamwamba komanso zotsika. Sungani mosamala mapepala omwe anasonkhanitsidwa (zidutswa za mossy sod) mu mtanga ndi nsalu pansi. Mukadzaza dengu, onetsetsani kuti mwaphimba zitsanzozo kuti zisayang'anitsidwe ndi kuwongolera dzuwa ndipo chinyezi sichituluka chisadafike.
Malingaliro a kubzala koyenera kwa moss
Poyamba, mbewa zobzalidwa nthawi ya zipatso zimamera bwino. Mutha kuyesa kubzala kasupe, kenako kusanthula kusiyana muzotsatira. Mwina malo anu ndi abwino pantchito yamasika.
Dothi louma limakonzedwa bwino kwambiri pasadakhale. Pangani gawo lazophatikiza ndi michere: sakanizani dothi lakuda ndi peat magawo ofanana, onjezani dongo laling'ono ndi dongo lotukulidwa. Peat komanso dongo lakukulitsidwa limathandizira kuti pakhale chinyezi nthawi yopumira.
Moss ngati mupezeka m'nkhalango kapena m'mphepete mwa nyanjayo, tengani dothi pamalo pomwepo - ndi abwino kusintha gawo lawolo
Komanso timachita izi:
- Timatenga chidebe, beseni kapena chidebe chophweka cha abwenzi, timadzaza ndi madzi oyera (makamaka kasupe) ndikuyika m'magawo omwe amatola kapena kugula mossy sod kuti adyetse ndi chinyezi musanalore.
- Ngati panthawi yakusowa kwanu malo osankhidwapo adakutidwa ndi masamba kapena odzala ndi namsongole, timachotsa zonse zomwe zimakhala zowoneka bwino kotero kuti chigamba choyera "chosavundikira" sichikhala chokwanira.
- Nthaka yomwe ili yoyenera mawonekedwewo imangomasulidwa masentimita pang'ono (kuya mpaka 5 cm, osatinso), kumbali ina, timakumba mabowo ambiri ndikuwadzaza ndi gawo lokonzekeratu kapena dothi lotengedwa m'nkhalango.
- Timabzala mapepala olimira moss malinga ndi polojekiti yomwe idapangidwa pasadakhale - mwachisawawa, mu mikwingwirima, mu mawonekedwe a cheke. Mutha kugwiritsa ntchito zidutswa za utoto womwewo, kusonkhanitsa chopondera, kapena mutha kugwiritsa ntchito zidutswa zokongola kupanga mapangidwe ndi zokongoletsera.
- Kuti tikule ndikukula motakasuka, tikulimbikitsidwa kuti tichoke pazotalikirana pakati pa zisumbu zobzalidwa.
- Tikuwonetsetsa kuti zidutswa za turf zikulimbana mosabvuta ndi dothi, osasiya mpweya. Komabe, sikuyenera kuchita kukanikiza mbewu kwambiri.
- Mutabzala, udzu watsopano uyenera kuthiriridwa madzi, ndipo mtsogolomo, onetsetsani kuti chinyezi chiri pamlingo wofunikira.
Monga mukuwonera, malamulo akukhazikitsa ndi osavuta. Tiyeni tiwone zinthu zina zingapo.
Mukabzala moss paphiri lamapiri, mumafunikanso kusintha zina zowonjezera kuti zidutswa za sod zisathe. Kuti tiwakonzeke pamalo otsetsereka, timangomata timitengo tating'onoting'ono (zopangira mano ndizoyenera) kapena zidutswa za waya. Pambuyo pake, mbewa zikakula, zimatha kuchotsedwa
Pa stumps zakale, ndizokhazo zomwe zimatengedwa kuchokera pamalo omwewo - mitengo yowonongeka ndiyabwino "yokhazikika".
Osatengera izi, ngati mupeza chithunzi chabwino mu nkhalango pa chitsa chovunda ndipo mukufuna kuchikongoletsa ndi kanyumba kotentha, muyenera kupeza chitsa, mtengo wosiyidwa kapena chidutswa cha mtengo chomwe chili ndi kuwola.
Nthawi zina malo okhala mossy amawoneka osalala komanso opatsa chidwi. Kubwezeretsa kapangidwe kake, timagwiritsa ntchito mbewu zaothandizana nawo. Anthu okhala m'nkhalango zowongoka ndi oyenera:
- ferns;
- mahatchi;
- zipatso (lingonberry, buliberries, sitiroberi, mabuliberi);
- maluwa otsika (mwachitsanzo violets);
- mtundu uliwonse wa ziphuphu, kuphatikizapo mbewa.
Malangizowa ndi abwino pa udzu wa mossy, ndipo tsopano taganizirani momwe mungakulire moss pamiyala. Kuti muchite izi, mufunika osakaniza zidutswa za moss, madzi ndi nthaka yankhalango. Zomwe zidasindikizidwazo zimasakanizidwa mu blender, kenako zimayikidwa pamwamba pa mwalawo.
Nthawi yoyamba ifunika chisamaliro chowonjezereka. Mutha kuphimba mwalawo ndi filimu kwa masiku angapo, kukonza nthawi pang'ono mpweya wabwino.
Choyikapo mwala chimawoneka chokongola komanso chopangika kumbuyo kwa kapeti wobiriwira, koma ndibwino kutola zidutswa zowala za granite, koma zikwangwani wamba zaimvi
Nthawi zina osakaniza amakonzedwa mwachilengedwe. S shuga yaying'ono, kefir, madzi amawonjezeredwa ku mossy turf, kukwapulidwa ndipo mwala umakulungidwa ndi misa wowuma. Zogulitsa zimakonza tinthu tating'onoting'ono ndikuchita zosakaniza ndi michere.
M'malo mwa kefir, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito yogati kapena mowa, m'malo mwa shuga - madzi aliwonse okoma. Mwanjira imeneyi, sikuti miyala imakongoletsedwa, komanso mipanda yamiyala, nyumba zomangira njerwa, mipanda yamatabwa.
Ndi kukula kwabwino kwa moss pa konkriti, miyala ndi matabwa, miyala yokongoletsera, zodzikongoletsera ndi zojambula "zokhazokha" zitha kupangidwa kuchokera pazidutswa zake.
Momwe mungasamalire makhwala a mossy?
Monga udzu uliwonse, wokhala ndi maluwa kapena rocarius, munthu wofunda amafunikira kukonza pafupipafupi, komwe kumakhala kupukutira, kupatulira, kukonzanso komanso kuyeretsa koyambira. Moss imakula pang'onopang'ono: mapiritsi oyamba azikhala asanadutse milungu 4-5 mutabzala. Amabwera pafupi ndi zisa za "makolo" mbali zonse kapena mbali imodzi yabwino kwambiri kuti akule.
Pakadali pano, muyenera kusintha kukula kwa "rug" ngati mufuna kuti ikhale m'mafelemu ochepa. Mpaka mphukira zazing'ono zitakula, malo obzala azikhala otentha.
Zimachitika kuti mbewu sizikhala ndi mizu ndikufa. Sichowopsa: tengani mawonekedwe ena ndikuwasiya pamalo amodzi. Nthawi zina mauka amayamba chifukwa cha kusowa chinyezi kapena kuyatsidwa ndi dzuwa. Kuthirira kwambiri kumatsitsimutsa zouma zouma
Mosiyana ndi udzu wachikhalidwe, bryozo safuna kuti azitchetchera nthawi zonse. Komabe, ndikofunikira kuyang'anira kuyera kwake. Zinyalala za m'nkhalango sizingawononge zokongoletsa zokha, komanso zimapangitsa kufa kwa moss kapena kuwonekera kwa "matanda oyipa".
Ndiwosavuta kuteteza kalikiliki wa velvet pakugwa kwa tsamba yophukira: kufalitsa mauna pamalo ponse pa udzu, kenako ndikungokulungitsani pamodzi ndi masamba.
Mitundu yotchuka ya moss pakupanga dziko
Mitundu yofewa yobiriwira yozungulira, yopendekeka pang'ono mawonekedwe a Leucobrius moss.
Zomera za mtundu wa Leucobryum zimamera bwino ndikukula mumera, pamchenga wonyowa, ngakhale kuwala pang'ono sikungawavulaze
Pakongoletsa njira zamiyala kapena konkriti, mipando kapena mipanda yotsika, Hypnum moss imagwiritsidwa ntchito. M'mbuyomu, idali youma pomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito kutenthetsa nkhuni.
Hypnum yamtunduwu imamverera bwino pamiyala, matabwa ndi njerwa, ngakhale imakonda kugwiritsidwa ntchito popanga udzu.
Onse otola bowa amadziwa bwino nthochi ya Kukushkin - mbewu zazing'onoting'ono zazitali. Ichi ndi polytrichum wamba, woimira bwino minda ya Japan moss.
Zomera za mtundu wa Polytrichum zimakonda kukhala m'nthaka kapena chonyowa. M'malo abwino, chomera chimafikira 35 cm cm
Green moss Dikranum ndikupeza zenizeni pazokongoletsa miyala ndi mipanda yamakonkriti.
Mapiritsi ang'onoang'ono ozungulira a mthunzi wobiriwira wowonekera bwino amakhala ndi kutalika kochepa - mpaka 4 cm, chifukwa chake, amagwira bwino pamalo oyimirira
Fern moss amapanga tinthu tating'ono tokongola ndipo kunja kwake ndi masamba ake osema kwenikweni amafanana ndi fern.
Thuidium amangokonda zopindika za m'mundamo komanso kusungulumwa, chifukwa chake samalani popanga nyimbo kuchokera ku buluyu ndi mbewu zina kuti adzapulumuka.
Sphagnum nthawi zambiri imagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga maluwa maluwa, komanso kulima mbewu yokongoletsera m'munda. Zomera zake zimawonjezedwa m'nthaka ya duwa kuti izipanga kumasuka komanso kufewa.
Peat moss imakhala ndi mitundu yambiri yowala - kuchokera pa pinki yofiira mpaka yobiriwira kwambiri. Malo abwino kwambiri okukula kwake ndi magombe a mitsinje, maiwe owumba ndi malo osungira zachilengedwe.
Monga mukuwonera, kukula moss sikovuta. Kuberera sikumafuna ndalama zambiri, ndipo mapindu ake ndi osayerekezeka: ngakhale munyengo yosawoneka bwino ya off-nyengo, ma rugs obiriwira amakhala osangalatsa ndi mitundu yowala.
