Mphesa yamphesa imagwiritsidwa ntchito yokongoletsera, kuti ikhale yopatsa, yowala kwambiri kumalo okongoletsera ndi kubisala zambiri kuchokera kumaso.
Iyi ndi mpesa wokongoletsera, womwe ukhoza kufika mamita 30, uli ndi zipatso zazing'ono zakuda buluu, zomwe sizidya kwa anthu.
Dzina la mphesa limachokera ku Greek parthenos - namwali, ndi zonunkhira - ivy, zomwe zimasonyeza njira yoberekera ndi kukula.
Zokongoletsa mphesa: kubereka
Zokongoletsa mphesa zikhoza kufalikira m'njira zingapo: kuika, lignified cuttings ndi mbewu.
Kubalidwa ndi kuika bwino kumachitika bwino m'dzinja kapena masika. Pazimenezi muyenera kubzala mipesa yaying'ono pansi, ndipo ikazuka, idulani ndikuiyala pamalo abwino. Olima munda amatcha njira iyi "njoka", chifukwa kuyika kwake kumaloledwa pansi monga njoka, ndipo m'kati mwake lonse amapanga zitsulo zing'onozing'ono zomwe zimakhala bwino kuti zikhale mizu.
Ngati mwasankha kupanga cuttings, ayenera kudula kumayambiriro kwa masika, isanayambe kusamba kwa mbeu. Okhoza cuttings ayenera kukhala osachepera 4-6 masamba. Ayenera kuti afesedwe motero kuti theka lawo liri pansi ndipo hafu ina pamwamba pa nthaka. Ndipo, ndithudi, musaiwale kuwasambitsa.
Timakula ndi mbewu
Njira zonsezi ndi zabwino ngati muli ndi mphesa zaka ziwiri kapena muli ndi wina wobwereka cuttings kapena nthambi, koma mukhoza kukula. Mwachitsanzo, mothandizidwa ndi mbewu, zimangotenga nthawi yambiri. Mbewu zimakonzedweratu kugwa, muyenera kuzichotsa pamphupulu ndipo mwamsanga mubzala mu nthaka yokonzedwa.
Ndi mbeu yotereyi, ziphuphu sizidzawonekera kale kuposa June chaka chotsatira, koma ngati muli ndi nthawi yocheperako, mukhoza kubzala mbewu masika. Musanayambe kufesa, kwa miyezi 1.5-2, mbeu ziyenera kumangidwa (kuthira mbewu mu mchenga wouma kapena peat gawo lapansi pamunsi pamwamba pa zero kutentha).
Yambani kufesa ayenera kukhala mwezi wa April, ndipo patapita masabata 3-4 mutha kupeza mphukira zazing'ono.
Pitani ku chinthu chachikulu: kukwera
Poyamba, konzekerani pansi
Nthaka musanadzalemo iyenera kukumba bwino. Chombo chiyenera kukumba 50-50-50, koma kusintha kwakukulu kumatheka malinga ndi mizu. Onetsetsani kuti mutha kukhetsa pansi pa dzenje, monga mawonekedwe a mchenga ndi miyala yochepa. Komanso timadzaza ndi feteleza (n'zotheka kuyika peti kompositi kapena phulusa la phulusa, ndi madzi okwanira 1 lita imodzi).
Ngati mugwiritsira ntchito peti kompositi ndi madzi abwino, ndiye kuti kwa zaka zingapo mutabzala mungathe kuiwala za kudyetsa mphesa.
Kukonzekera dera kumadalira malo omwe mumasankha kubzala mphesa zanu. Zikhoza kubzalidwa m'mabotolo pabwalo lanu, koma kuya kwazomwekuyenera kukhala osachepera 40 cm.
Kukongoletsa malo owongolera musaiwale kuyika zowonongeka kwa mphukira zazing'ono, kotero kuti iye ali ndi chinachake chokhazikika pa kukula kwake.
Chinthu chachikulu ndicho kukhala mu nthawi ndi malo abwino oti mutenge.
Monga mphesa iliyonse, girlish mphesa imakonda malo abwino, koma mosiyana ndi mphesa, imatha kumbali iliyonse (kum'mwera, kumpoto ...) ndipo mthunzi siwopweteka. Mthunzi wa masamba ake adzakhala ochepa, ndipo samasintha mtundu mpaka chisanu choyamba.
Ndi bwino kulima chomera pa dothi, ndipo mukhoza kulima kangapo pachaka.
Pachifukwa ichi, palibe malangizowo ngati kuli bwino kubzala mphesa, chifukwa tilibe cholinga chokolola zipatso. Komabe, kumbukirani kuti mbande zabwino zimabzalidwa mwina 11 koloko, kapena pambuyo pa 18 koloko. Izi zidzateteza kutentha kwa mbewu.
Ponena za nthawi ya chaka, mutha kukhala awiri mu April - May, ndipo mu September - October.
Mukamabzala mbeu, musaiwale kumwa madzi ndi madzi okwanira 1.
Monga mukuonera, chodzala cha mphesa zabwino ndizosavuta, koma tsopano chinthu chofunikira kwambiri ndi kusamalira mphesa zotere, kuika kukula kwa maonekedwe ndi mawonekedwe omwe mukufunikira.
Malangizo abwino kwambiri othandizira mphesa zabwino.
Zomera bwino
Kudulira kungakhale kofiira ndikugula, ngati mutadzifunsa nokha kufalitsa mphesa. Izi ziyenera kuchitika ndi kukula kwa mbeu kuchokera chaka choyamba. Masamba owuma ndi mphukira zofooka akhoza kuchotsedwa ndi mitsempha, izi ndi zokwanira kuti zisawononge kukula kwake ndi mawonekedwe a mphesa. Mfundo yaikulu yowonongeka mwaukhondo ikuika chidutswa cha impso zathanzi.
Kuthirira ndi kofunika kwambiri
Mwachizolowezi, osati chilimwe chilimwe, mphesa iyi ili ndi mvula yokwanira ya chirengedwe. Ngati zikuwoneka kuti nthaka ikuyamba kuuma, kuthirira kwina ndikofunikira. Pansi pazifukwazi, ndikwanira kuthirira mphesa 3-4 nthawi pa nyengo mu buku la 10 malita pa 1 mbewu.
Kulimbana ndi Matenda ndi Tizilombo
Mphesa yaikulu ya mphesa ya msungwanayo ndi yakuti sizingatheke kudwala ndi kuzilomboka kwa tizirombo. Nthawi zina zomera zimatha kupha aphid, koma kulimbana ndizosavuta.
Poyamba, yesetsani kusamba tizilombo ndi madzi amphamvu, ngati izi sizikuthandizani, pangani mphesa ndi yankho la sopo ndi mowa mu chiwerengero cha 3: 1. Komanso, musayiwale za udzu wamsongole, womwe ukhoza kufooketsa mizu. Izi zikhoza kuchitidwa pamanja, kumasula nthawi yomweyo ndi nthaka pafupi ndi mizu.
Zimakhalanso zosangalatsa kuwerenga za kusunga mphesa m'nyengo yozizira.
Malingaliro a Padziko
Mtsikana wa mitundu ya mphesa
Mitundu yofala kwambiri ya mphesayi ndi: pyatilistochkovy, kapena mphesa yaamwali; zojambulajambula kapena ziboliboli, komanso zomwe zimatchuka kwambiri ndi Wich.
Kutalika kwa namwali wa creeper kumakhala kutalika kwa mamita 20. M'chilimwe, zimakondweretsa diso ndi mtundu wobiriwira wobiriwira, ndipo kugwa kumapeza mthunzi wofiira ndi wofiirira. Masamba ake ali ndi nsonga, ndipo amasungidwa nthawi yaitali. Pakati pa chilimwe, mphesa zimakhala ndi maluwa oyera, ndipo pafupi ndi m'dzinja zimawoneka zazing'ono, mdima wobiriwira.
Chaka chilichonse, mpesa umakula mumphesa 2-2.5 mamita mu msinkhu ndipo sungapezeke ndi tizirombo, mothandizidwa ndi tizilombo komanso tizilombo timene timathamangira msanga.
Mphesa yamtengo wapatali wa Triostrenic imachokera ku dziko la Great Wall ndi Dzuŵa. Maonekedwe a masamba ake kawirikawiri amakhala osanjikiza atatu, izi zosiyanasiyana ndi chisanu chopanda. M'nyengo ya chilimwe imakhala ndi mtundu wobiriwira, ndipo mu kugwa imakhala yamitundu ya maroon, ndipo ma subspecies ali ndi timadontho ta golide.
Mmodzi mwa mitundu yotchuka kwambiri ndi Vici yomwe imakhalapo. Masamba ndi ochepa, ofewa, ndipo m'dzinja amakondweretsa diso ndi mtundu wowala wa lalanje, womwe umalowetsedwa ndi wobiriwira. Ngati kwa mitundu yosiyanasiyana imapanga zinthu zabwino, kwa chaka, mpesa wake ukhoza kukula mamita 4. Kuphatikiza pa suckers zomwe mphesa zimayikidwa pa malo, iye ali ndi inshuwalansi ngati mawonekedwe othandizira, omwe amamuthandizanso kuti asunge. Tsopano muyenera kusankha chomwe mukufuna kuikongoletsa.
Malangizo okongoletsera
Nazi malangizidwe a momwe mungapangire mphesa ya msungwana: choyamba, funani thandizo la mpesa wachinyamata (khoma, mpanda kapena chimango), kenaka muwatsogolere ku malangizo omwe mukufuna; Ngati nthambi ndi yopanda pake - ingochotsani, komanso kumbukirani za kudulira koyera, zomwe zingakuthandizeni kukhalabe ndi thanzi labwino; Ngati mwasankha kubzala malo akuluakulu, ndi kosavuta kupereka mphesa ndi mwayi wakukula, monga momwe Mulungu adzakhalira.
Mphesa ya girlish ndi wokongola kwambiri ndipo ingakhale pamodzi ndi zomera zina monga liana. Mwachitsanzo, ndi maluwa okongoletsedwa, maluwa awo akuphatikizidwa bwino, ivyiti zimakhala ndi mthunzi wochititsa chidwi kwambiri ndi maluwa ake obiriwira omwe amapezeka m'maluwa anu, ndipo mapiri a calmatis adzakupatsani maluwa okongola a pinki kumayambiriro kwa chilimwe.
Ndikukhulupirira kuti mudauziridwa kukongoletsa dziko lanu ndi mzanga wabwino wobiriwira. Bwino.
