Blackberry Giant - mkulu-ololera wolimba kalasi

Ndizosowa kupeza mabulosi akutchire olimidwa mu ziwembu zathu. Komabe, wamaluwa omwe amakonda kuyesa zosangalatsa amakulitsa mabulosi awa ndipo amawayamika chifukwa cha kukoma kwawo kosangalatsa ndi zinthu zopatsa thanzi. Mdima mabulosi akufanizira bwino ndi nyama zamtchire ndi zokolola ndi kukula kwa zipatso. Sizodziwikiratu kuti amodzi mwa mitunduyi amatchedwa Giant.

Mbiri ya Blackberry Giant

Mabulosi akutchire ndi amtundu wa Rubus, omwe amaphatikizapo pafupifupi 200 zachilengedwe. America imadziwika kuti kwawo. Kunali komwe kuti m'zaka za zana la 19 iwo anayamba kulima mabulosi akuda chifukwa cha kuthekera kokongoletsa osati tchuthi, chisamaliro chosamalidwa, komanso kukoma ndi kununkhira kosazolowereka kwa chipatso. Mitundu yatsopano ndi ma hybrids omwe amalimbana ndi nyengo yozizira amadyedwa. Chikhalidwe chatsopano chomwe chimachokera kudziko lina m'zaka za zana la 20 chinafalikira ku Europe. Woyamba yemwe ku Russia adawunikira kufunika kwa mabulosi akutchire anali I.V. Michurin. Chifukwa chogwira ntchito nthawi yayitali, adayamba kupanga mitundu yatsopano yozolowera nyengo yathu.

Tsopano mdziko lapansi pali mitundu yoposa 300 ya mitundu yosiyanasiyana.

Blackberry Giant ndiyotchuka chifukwa cha zipatso zake zazikulu ndi chisanu.

Kufotokozera

Blackberry Giant imakhala yamtengo wapatali chifukwa cha zipatso zomwe sizinachitikepo - m'nthawi ya chitsamba imapereka zipatso pafupifupi 30 kg. Kuphatikiza apo, imakhala ndi kukana kwambiri chisanu, kulekerera chisanu mpaka -30 ° C popanda kuwonongeka, itha kubzalidwe osati kumwera kwa dzikolo, komanso zigawo zomwe zimakhala ndi nyengo yozizira.

Chimphona chimapanga tchire lomwe limamera nthawi zonse ngati 1.5-2,5 m ndi mphukira zamphamvu zosinthika. Mu June, inflorescence yoyera yayikulu imawoneka pamitengo. Chifukwa cha maluwa mochedwa, masamba sawonongeka ndi masika a masika, omwe ali ndi phindu pa zokolola.

Wamphamvu mabulosi akutchire Giant amapanga chitsamba mpaka 2,5 m

Kubala kumachitika mchaka chachiwiri. Zimatha kuyambira Julayi mpaka kumapeto kwa Seputembara. Chipatsocho chimakhala chophatikizika. Mawonekedwe ake ndi amtali, ofanana. Poyamba kucha, zipatso za mabulosi akutchire ndizobiriwira, kenako zofiirira, kenako kukhala ndi mtundu wofiirira. Mu zipatso zakupsa, khungu limanyezimira limakhala lofiirira wakuda.

Blackberry Giant nthawi zina amasokonezedwa ndi Chingerezi cha mitundu ya Bedford. Kusiyana kwakukulu pakati pa mitunduyo ndi kukula kwa zipatsozo: Ku Bedford ndiocheperako, masekeli 7 g, ku Giant - yokulirapo, mpaka 20 g.

Madzi a zipatso ndi ofiira amdima; kukoma ndi mchere, wokoma ndi wowawasa, wosakhwima, wokhala ndi fungo lamtundu wakuda. Zipatso zakupsa zimadyedwa mwatsopano, zowuma, zouma, kupanikizana, jamu, odzola, compote, zakumwa, zowonjezera ku zakudya zophikira mchere ndi makeke.

Mabulosi akutchire ndi malo osungira mavitamini, michere yofunikira, kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwake kumathandizira kuchepetsa kukakamiza, kulimbitsa chitetezo chokwanira, kusintha kagayidwe kachakudya, komanso kuchiritsa mabala. Mabulosi awa ndi cholowa m'malo mwa aspirin, motero adagwiritsa ntchito kalekale kuti achepetse kutentha thupi komanso kuchepetsa chimfine.

Chipatso cha mabulosi akutchire - mitundu yosabala zipatso, mpaka 30 makilogalamu a zipatso imatha kusungidwa kuchitsamba munthawi yake

Mwa zovuta zamitundu mitundu, kulekerera pokha nthaka youma kumadziwika: kuchepa kwa chinyezi kumawononga kuchuluka ndi zipatso. Izi zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zovuta kulima mitundu m'malo ovuta.

Zowongolera

Kuti mukadyere mabulosi chaka chilichonse, muyenera kusamalira mbande ndikuyenera kubzala.

Mukadzala mabulosi akutchire

Mabulosi akuda amabzala mu kasupe ndi yophukira. Nthawi yabwino ndiyoyamba kasupe, nthawi isanayambe. Mbande zimakhala ndi nthawi yochika bwino nthawi yamnyengo ndikulimba nthawi yozizira. Mutha kubzala mabulosi akutchire kumapeto kwa nyengo, muyenera kuchita izi masabata 2-3 isanayambike nyengo yozizira, apo ayi mbewu zazing'ono zitha kufa. Kubzala masamba ndikofunikira kuchitidwa kum'mwera zigawo. Mbande mumbale zingabzalidwe nyengo yonse.

Mbande za mabulosi akutchire zingabzalidwe nthawi yonseyi

Malo abwino koposa bramble

Chipatso cha Blackberry - chomera chojambulira, chimakonda kukula m'malo otenthetsedwa ndi dzuwa kapena pamthunzi wowala. Nthaka sikuti ikufunikira kwambiri, koma sioyenera kuumba dothi lolemera ndi madambo, malo abwino kwambiri amakhala ndi ziphuphu pang'ono.

Mu dothi lofunikira, ndikofunikira kubweretsa chidebe cha peat ndi mchenga (1 mita²) Pa mchenga ndi dothi louma, mabulosi akuda amatha kukula, koma amafunika kukhazikitsidwa kwa Mlingo waukulu wa organic nkhani mu mawonekedwe a mulch ndi kuthirira. Chomangacho chimakhazikitsidwa m'malo otetezedwa ku mphepo yozizira yakumpoto - pafupi ndi mpanda, osati patali ndi zomangamanga.

Ndikwabwino kubzala mabulosi akutchire kuti atetezeke ku mphepo

Kusankha mbande

Malo opangira maluwa ndi malo odyeramo tsopano amapereka mwayi waukulu wolima mabulosi akuda. Pamenepo mutha kusankha mitundu yomwe yasankhidwa mderalo, pezani upangiri wodziwa kusamalira mbewu. Akatswiri amalimbikitsa kupeza mbande wazaka 1-2 zokhala ndi mizu yolimba. Mwana wazaka chimodzi azikhala ndi thunthu lambiri 5 mm ndi mphukira wopangidwa mizu. Ana azaka ziwiri azikhala ndi mizu itatu yayitali masentimita 15 ndi gawo lalitali 40 cm.

Ngati khungwa lanyinyirika, ndipo mnofu womwe uli pansi pake ndi wabulauni, zikutanthauza kuti mmera udakumbidwa kwa nthawi yayitali, udawuma kale ndipo suyenera kuzika mizu.

Momwe mungabzale mabulosi akutchire

Gwiritsani ntchito mitengo yamtchire kapena yolozera mutabzala zipatso. Munjira ya tchire, mbewu zimabzalidwa m'mayenje akuya masentimita 45 komanso mulifupi kutalika kwa 1-1.3 m.Ndi njira yotsogola, ngalande zimakumbidwa kukuya masentimita 45 ndi 50 cm, kusiya masamba awiri pakati pa mizere. Musanabzala, muyenera kuyikanso zogwirizira: mabulosi akutchire amakula mwachangu, mphukira zokulira ndibwino kugona pachiyambacho.

Kudzala masika, chiwembuchi chimakonzedwa kuyambira nthawi yophukira, nthawi yophukira - masabata awiri. Dziko lapansi limakumbidwa, kukoloweka, namsongole amachotsedwa. Chovala ndi humus (1.5 kg 1 m²), superphosphate (100 g), potaziyamu sulfate (30 g) kapena phulusa (100 g). M'mbuyomu, mbande zimamizidwa kwa ola limodzi mu yankho ndi Kornevin, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mizu ipangidwe.

Ndondomeko zotsata:

Pansi pa dzenje, nthaka yam michere imathiridwa.
Chotupa chokhala ndi mizu yofalikira bwino chimayikidwa. Zomera kuchokera mchidebe zobzalidwa pansi.
Sapling mizu amafunika kukonzedwa bwino
Finyani mmera kuti udzu wokula ndi 3 cm pansi panthaka.
Onetsetsani kuti mukugwedeza mbewu kuti ma voids asakhale, osinja nthaka.
Mukadzala masika, mphukira imafupikitsidwa mpaka 35 cm.
Pobowola dzenje ndikutsanulira malita asanu a madzi pamenepo.
Mutabzala, mmera umanyowa bwino
Atatha kuyamwa chinyontho, dothi limalungika ndi udzu, humus.

Zomera zazing'ono poyamba zimateteza ku dzuwa mwachindunji ndi agrofibre kapena pepala. Pakatha sabata, mthunziwo umachotsedwa.

Kanema: momwe mungabzalire mabulosi akutchire mu mphindi 2

Ukadaulo waulimi wa Blackberry

Chikhalidwe ichi chimakhala chosanyalanyaza, ndikofunikira kuti muzithirira madzi, kudyetsa, kuchotsa udzu ndi mphukira zowonjezera.

Kuthirira ndi kumasula

Bulosi akutchire akufuna kukathirira, pamafunika madzi ambiri kuti akwaniritse mphukira ndi kutsanulira zipatso. Kusungitsa chinyezi chofunikira m'nthaka, chimangacho chimathiridwa kamodzi pa sabata ndi malita 10 a madzi pachitsamba chilichonse. Zomera makamaka zimafuna chinyezi munthawi ya kukula kwakukulu ndi kapangidwe kazipatso. M'chilala chosakwanira kuthirira, zipatsozo zimakhala zazing'ono, ndikugwa. M'mwezi wa Okutobala, kuthirira kwamadzi kuthilira kwa landings (20 l / chitsamba) ndikofunikira.

Mabulosi akutchire makamaka amafunikira chinyezi pakupanga zipatso

Kupitilira muyeso kumavulaza mbewu: chinyezi, kuzimiririka m'nthaka, ikhoza kuyambitsa kukula kwa matenda ndi kuvunda, kupanga mphukira zatsopano kudzakhazikika mpaka kumapeto kwa nthawi yophukira, ndipo kuuma kwa batchi kucha kudzachepa.

Nyengo, dothi pansi pa tchire ndi kanjira liyenera kumasulidwa ndi udzu. Udzu mbewu zoletsa kukula kwa mphukira ndikuchepetsa lochuluka. Pakati pa mizere, kumasula kumachitika ndikuzama masentimita 12, pafupi ndi tchire - pamtunda wosazungulira 8 cm, kuti musawononge mizu. Njira yaulimi yotereyi imangoleketsa kusintha kusinthana kwa nthaka ndikuthana ndi namsongole, komanso kuwononga malo omwe tizirombo tili. Pambuyo kuthirira ndi kumasula, nthaka yadzaza ndi udzu, utuchi.

Chakudya chopatsa thanzi

Feteleza ndikofunikira kuti musangodyetsa mbewuzo ndi michere, komanso kuti muchepetse matenda ndi tizirombo tomwe titha kupewa nyengo yoipa. Panthaka yabwino kwambiri, kwa zaka 2 zoyambirira zam'madzi, mabulosi akuda amadyetsedwa ndi feteleza wa nayitrogeni (10 g wa urea 5 l ). Pamadothi osavomerezeka, tikulimbikitsidwa kuti tidye masamba ndi Kemira Plus (20 g / 10 l).

Kuphatikizidwa bwino kwa feteleza kumakupatsani mwayi wokweza zokolola mpaka 30%.

Panthawi yopanga zipatso, mmera umafunika potaziyamu (30 g wa potaziyamu sulphate / 10 l pamlingo wa 6 l wa yankho pa 1 mita²) Manyowa ocheperako amatha kusinthidwa ndi phulusa (200 g / 1 mita²) Pansi m'dzinja kukumba, superphosphate (35 g / 1 m²), nitrofosku (30 g / 1 m²), potaziyamu sulfate (30 g / 1 m²).

Agricola - mavitamini ovuta kubzala

Zamoyo zimagwiritsidwanso ntchito chaka chilichonse ngati mavalidwe apamwamba: mu June, mayankho amadzimadzi a mullein (1: 10), zitosi za nkhuku (1: 20), humus zimabalalika pansi pa chitsamba nthawi yophukira.

Maonekedwe a mbewu akhoza kuweruzidwa pa kuperewera kwa michere. Mphukira wofowoka, zipatso zazing'ono, chikaso cha masamba zimafotokozera kuchepa kwa nayitrogeni, mitsempha ya masamba imatembenuka chikasu, zipatso zimatha - kusowa kwachitsulo, mkombero wa bulauni pamasamba masamba - potaziyamu pang'ono, masamba amasintha ofiira, pakati pa nyengo kugwa - kusowa kwa magnesium.

Redness tsamba lakuda ndi chizindikiro cha kuperewera kwa magnesium

Kukhazikitsa kwa othandizira

Nthawi zambiri, mabulosi akuda amabzala pa trellis - womata tchire amakulolani kuteteza gawo la mbewu kuti isakhudzane ndi nthaka, imapereka kuwala kwa dzuwa ndikuyeretsa chitsamba, popanda kupanga zikhalidwe kuti chitukuko chikhale. Kuphatikiza apo, tchire zoyikidwa pa trellis zimawoneka zokongoletsa kwambiri nthawi yamaluwa - zimapanga kapeti yolimba yobiriwira, yokongoletsedwa ndi maluwa akulu onunkhira.

Mtundu wakuda pa trellis umapanga kapeti wobiriwira wolimba wokongoletsa chiwembuchi

Mapangidwe a Berry chitsamba

Mukapanga tchire la mabulosi, tiyenera kukumbukira kuti mabulosi akutchire amakhala ndi zaka ziwiri zachitukuko: chaka choyamba iwo amakula, kuyala masamba, kubala zipatso ndi kufa mchaka chachiwiri. Chifukwa chake, pakugwa, nthambi zodula zimadulidwa, zofowoka ndikuwonongeka zimachotsedwa. Chitsamba chakuda chimapangidwa kuchokera ku mphukira zamphamvu 8-10. Nthawi zambiri gwiritsitsani mawonekedwe a fan. Chapakatikati, mutachotsa pogona, nthambi zimakwezedwa mpaka trellis pamalo owongoka, mphukira zazing'ono zimayikidwa pansi. M'dzinja, thunthu lolimba limachotsedwa, ndikusiya achinyamata 8-10 olimba mphukira.

Mu nthawi yophukira, mphukira yakuda idadulidwa pansi pamizu

Mabulosi amabulosi amakula kwambiri, ndikupangitsa kuti chitsamba chikhale chodinira komanso champhamvu. Chifukwa chake, ndikofunikira pakuwombera kwa zero ndikukula mpaka 2 m ndi garter kupita ku trellis, pamwamba kudulidwa. Mpaka nthawi yophukira, nthambi za mbali za 6-10 zimamera, zomwe chaka chamawa zimapatsa zipatso zazinayi zitatu zilizonse.

Olima odziwa zamaluwa amalangizidwa kudula mphukira zamtundu wotsatira ndi masamba a 3 mu kugwa kapena nthawi yozizira kuti ipangitse maburashi ochepa, koma ndi zipatso zokulirapo.

Kukonzekera tchire lakuda mabulosi nthawi yachisanu

Ngakhale kuthana ndi chisanu, Blackberry Giant imafunikira kuti isungidwe nyengo yachisanu. Mukadulira, kuthirira madzi kuthirira ndikumakanika ndi humus, nthambizo zimakhazikika pansi ndikuwaphimba ndi agrofibre. Mosiyana ndi maluwa ndi mphesa, mbewu imeneyi siyisanza. Ndikofunika kubisa chodzala chaching'ono kuchokera kumtunda ndi nthambi za spruce, komanso nthawi yozizira kuti tipeze chisanu ku tchire. Pansi pa bulangeti loterali, mabulosi akuda samawopa ngakhale kutentha kwambiri.

Nyengo yachisanu isanayambike, tchire labulosi limakutidwa ndi zinthu zopanda nsalu, nthawi yozizira imakhala chipale chofewa

Kanema: Kukula mabulosi akutchire

Kuswana

Mabulosi akuda amafalitsidwa ndi mbewu, magawo ndi odulidwa.

Ndi kufalikira kwa mbewu, zilembo zamitundu mitundu zimasungidwa bwino. Tisanafesere, mbewuzo zimasungunuka, kenako nkunyowa kwa maola angapo mu njira ya Epin ndikubzala mu wowonjezera kutentha. Nthaka zoyera zimabzalidwa ndikupanga masamba anayi.
Njira yosavuta yolerera yokhala ndi zigawo za apical. Pamwambapo akuwombera m'manda pafupi ndi chitsamba, amakongoletsedwa ndi bulaketi ndikuthirira. Zosanjazo zimayamba kumera m'mwezi umodzi, koma ziyenera kupatulidwa ndikubzala m'chaka chamawa.
Njira yosavuta yofalitsira mabulosi akuda - apical zigawo
Mukafalikira ndi masamba obiriwira chapakati pa chilimwe, mphukira imadulidwa mainchesi 10 kutalika ndikubzala m'miyala yaying'ono yokhala ndi nthaka yopanda thanzi, yothiriridwa, yokutidwa ndi filimu. Wobiriwira nthawi zonse amakhala ndi mpweya wabwino komanso kupukutidwa. Pakatha mwezi umodzi, zodulidwa mizu zimasulidwa.
Mabulosi akuda ndi mizu obzalidwa m'malo okhazikika

Kuteteza Tizilombo ndi Matenda

Blackberry Giant imagonjetsedwa ndi zovuta zambiri zofala zamabulosi. Pokhapokha nthawi yotentha kwambiri pomwe pamakhala chiwopsezo cha matenda. Njira zodzitchinjiriza zimalepheretsa tizirombo.

Gome: Matenda Akuluakulu a Blackberry

Matenda	Zizindikiro	Kupewa	Chithandizo
Malo owoneka bwino	Mawonekedwe ofiirira otuwa pa mphukira, masamba afota, masamba afota. Kukula kwa matenda a fungal kumapangitsa kuti chitsamba chikhale ndikukula komanso chinyezi chambiri.	Chotsani masamba okugwa Musachulukitse ikamatera.	Musanafike maluwa, thirani ndi 2% Bordeaux osakaniza.
Anthracnose	Malo amtundu wa necrotic amawonekera pamasamba ndi zimayambira, zipatsozo zimakwinya. Kupezeka kwa matendawa kumathandizira kuti pakhale mvula yambiri. Matenda amatha kudwala kwakukulu.	Chotsani masamba okugwa.	Chapakatikati, utsi ndi Nitrafen (300 g / 10 l).
Gray zowola	Bowa spores amafalikira mwachangu nyengo yonyowa. Kutulutsa kwa imvi mtundu mawonekedwe pa mphukira, zipatso zimayamba kuvunda.	Chepetsa. Musatopetsedwe ndi nayitrogeni.	Mu gawo la cone wobiriwira, mutheni utsi ndi dothi ndi 3% iron sulfate. Pambuyo maluwa, kuchitira ndi 1% Bordeaux osakaniza.

Zithunzi Zazithunzi: Matenda a Blackberry

: Utoto wowoneka bwino umakhudza mphukira ndi masamba, zipatso zimamera zazing'ono komanso acidic

: Mvula yayitali imathandizira kukulitsa anthracnose

: Ikakhudzidwa ndi zowola imvi, zipatso zimayamba kuvunda

Gome: Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda

Tizilombo	Mawonekedwe	Kupewa	Miyeso
Kuwombera aphid	Tizilombo timayamwa timadziti tadzulu, ndikuwachotsa, zomwe zimapangitsa kuchepa.	Nsabwe za m'masamba zimafalikira pamasamba a nyerere, chifukwa chake, chithandizo chiyenera kuchitidwa motsutsana ndi tizilombo ndi Anteater, Cypermetrin.	Nthambi, nsabwe za m'masamba, zokonzedwa. Pukusani tchire isanayambe kapena kutaya ndi Actara (2 g / 10 L), Actellik (2 ml / 2 L).
Chafer	Tizilombo timene timadya masamba, mphutsi zimawononga mizu ya mbewu.	Gwedezani nsikidzi, gwiritsani ntchito miseche.	Samalani nthaka ndi Anti-Crush mchaka (10 ml / 5 L).
Chingwe chakuda	Tizilombo, kudya zipatso, zimayambitsa zinthu zomwe zimaletsa kucha. Makhalidwe ndi kakomedwe kazipatsozo zikuchepa, ndipo zipatso zikuchepa.	Oyera mabulosi akuda, kuthirira nthawi zonse ndikudulira.	Musanayambe maluwa, gwiritsani ntchito ndi 0.05% Kinmiks, 0,1% Spark. Pambuyo maluwa, utsi ndi 0.02% Actellik, 0,2% Fufanon, Tersel (25 g / 10 L).

Zithunzi Zojambula: Tizilombo Tizilombo Tating'ono

: Kuwombera aphid, kukhazikika mu bramble, kumatsitsa mbewu

: Blackberry mite imabweretsa kutaya kwa 50% ya mbewu

: Tizilomboti timawononga kwambiri mbewu

Ndemanga

Ndili ndi chimphona, ndipo ndiyachikulu kwambiri, motero ndikubzala ndikusintha ndi magolovesi azikopa. Koma zonse zimalipira chifukwa cha kukula kwa zipatsozo, zipatso zake komanso kukoma kwake kosayerekezeka.
YURI CHERNOV//7dach.ru/sashka1955/ezhevika-gigant-silno-kolyuchaya-ili-net-100097.html

Ndimakonda mitundu iwiri: Ruben ndi Giant.Tidakhala ndi mitundu yambiri mdzikolo, iwo amangobzala komanso kuyesa mitundu yatsopano. Kwambiri, banja lidakonda awiriwa. Panali kukonza, ndipo anaponderezedwa, ndiye kuti mu nthawi ya kasupe anaigulanso ndipo adaibzala. Pogula, tinauzidwa kuti ndi pati komanso kutalika kwa malo. Ndine wokondwa kuti mitunduyi imakhala yolimbana ndi chisanu, sichitha nthawi yachisanu.
Ivan78//www.12sotok.spb.ru/forum/thread9924.html

Mwa mitundu yambiri ya mabulosi akuda, mitundu ya Giant imadziwika. Zipatso zazikulu ndi zokometsera mchere zimasangalatsa ndi mtundu wawo komanso kuchuluka kwake. Kuphatikiza kwinanso kwa mitundu yosiyanasiyana, makamaka kwa olima ku Russia, ndi kuthekera kwa bululosiyi kulekerera nyengo ya chisanu popanda kupweteka.