Aliyense amapanga zofuna zawo pa khalidwe ndi makhalidwe a masamba: kulawa n'kofunika kwa wina, kusunga khalidwe ndi kofunikira kwa wina, mawonekedwe ndi mtundu wolemera kwa wina. Zonsezi - njira zomwe mungathe kuyenda mwa kusankha kalasi. Mitundu yonse ya kaloti ndi ya mitundu eyiti yaikulu: "Amsterdam", "Nantes", "Flaccus", "Shantenay", "Berlikum", "Mini-kaloti", "Kaloti ya Parisian" ndi masinthidwe osiyanasiyana a karoti. Mitundu iliyonse imabweretsa pamodzi mitundu yofanana.
Tidzakambirana chimodzi cha mitundu yonse - "Vita Long", omwe ali a cultivak ya flakka, tiyeni timvetse bwino kukoma kwake ndi zizindikiro zapamwamba ndi zikhalidwe za kukula.
Kufotokozera ndi chithunzi
Ichi ndi mtundu wa "Vita Long". Tikuwona patsogolo pathu karoti yayikulu, yokongoletsedwa, mawonekedwe a Flaccus onse. Ali ndi chigawo chochepa chochepa; Malingana ndi kufotokoza kwa wamaluwa ambiri - okoma kwambiri komanso okoma kwambiri. Kutalika kwa muzu wa mbeu kukufika pa 25-35 masentimita ndi 3.5 masentimita mwake, uli ndi mchere wobiriwira. Muzuwo umakhala pakati pa 100-250 g, zizindikiro zowonjezera - 160-170 g. 
Makhalidwe osiyanasiyana
"Vita Long" limatanthawuza mitundu yochepetsera, mbewu zimabzalidwa mu May - kumayambiriro kwa June ndi kukolola kumapeto kwa September. Zakudya za carotene ndizochepa kuposa za mitundu ya Amsterdam ndi Nantes, koma pang'ono chabe. Mitunduyi imakhala ndi khalidwe labwino la kusunga ndipo imatsutsana ndi kuwonongeka kwa makina, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zisamangidwe kwambiri. Pa miyezi isanu ndi umodzi yosungirako (kumapeto kwa September - mapeto a May), pansi pa zosungirako zosiyana, ali ndi chiwerengero chochepa cha kulemera kwake:
- kusungirako mchenga - 5.2%;
- mabokosi - 4.6%;
- mu mapepala apulasitiki - 3.5%.
Mukudziwa? Carotenoids amatha kudziunjikira pamwamba pa khungu ndikuzipatsa malalanje. Cholinga chimenechi chimagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi obereketsa kuti apereke mtundu wina wofiira mtundu wambiri. Sizowonongeka ku thanzi ndikudutsa kutha kwa karoti.
Mlingo wa ukwati wokhazikika ndi wotsika kwambiri, ndiko kuti, mizu ya mbewu zomwe zatayika katundu wawo ndizosazolowereka - 1%. Mukasungidwa m'matumba, kaloti nthawi zambiri zimakhudzidwa ndi zovunda zoyera - pafupifupi 24 peresenti ya mbeuyo, chiwerengero cha madontho amatsitsa kwambiri pamene amasungidwa mumabokosi - pafupifupi 15%, ngakhale kuti chiwerengero cha kulemera kwake kumawonjezeka ndi yosungirako 
Tikukulimbikitsani kuti muwerenge za mitundu ya kaloti monga: "Samson", "Shantane 2461" ndi kaloti zakuda.
"Vita Long" ndi yoyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito pophika. Kuphatikizapo, mizu ndi yowutsa mudyo komanso yofewa yogwiritsidwa ntchito pokonzekera ana a smoothies kapena timadziti. Komabe, pazinthu izi, ndibwino kuti musankhe mitundu yowonjezera yowutsa madzi: "Ana", "Karotan", "Emperor" kapena "Honey-shuga".
Mphamvu ndi zofooka
Ubwino ndi zowonongeka zimatsimikiziridwa ndi zofunikira zomwe zimaperekedwa kwa zosiyanasiyana. Mwa ubwino angatchedwe:
- kusunga khalidwe;
- kuchepetsa kuchepa kwa nthawi yaitali yosungirako;
- kusalongosola kuti zikule;
- Kufanizitsa kutsutsana ndi matenda a fungus;
- Kukoma kwabwino: Zipatso zimakhala zowutsa mudyo ndi zokoma zamkati.
Mukudziwa? Timakonda kuona kaloti, koma pali zipatso za mtundu wofiirira, wachikasu ndi woyera. Mtundu umatsimikiziridwa ndi pigment: lalanje - carotene, violet - anthocyanins, chikasu - lutein.
Zowonongeka ndizomwe zimakhala zosasintha komanso zimakhala zosiyana siyana, osati zovuta kwenikweni:- pali mitundu yokoma ndi juicier, monga "Karotan", "Dzino losakaniza", "chikondi cha Sankina" kapena "Emperor";
- pali mitundu yabwino yosunga khalidwe, koma makhalidwe oipa kwambiri: "Shantone Skvirskaya" kapena "Narbone".
Kusankha malo oti akule
Posankha malo a kaloti m'munda wanu, ganizirani magawo ofunikira monga kuunikira, mtundu wa dothi, mitundu ya zomera zomwe kaloti idzakhazikitse. Ndipo, ndithudi, dzipatseni njira yabwino yowonjezera maluwa, kotero kuti musasowe kupyola pakati pa mizere pakati pa kaloti yosamalira.
Kuunikira ndi malo
Sankhani malo owala bwino, osasokonezedwa ndi zikhalidwe zina, zapamwamba. Ngati malowa sungapeweke - onetsetsani kuti kalotiyi ili kumbali yazitali zawo. Chifukwa chosowa kuwala, pangakhale phokoso la zokolola zopitirira 30% komanso kutayika kwa malonda a mizu. 
Mtundu wa dothi
Kaloti amafuna dothi lachonde. Zomwe zili bwino zimakhala zowonongeka ndi mpweya wozungulira, ndi mchenga wa loam, sod-podzolic, chernozem kapena peat. Acidity sayenera kulowerera ndale, zopotoka zazing'ono zomwe zimayendetsedwa ndi njira ya acidic zimaloledwa. Kumalo oyenera kaloti, madzi sayenera kugwedezeka, pamene izi zimakhudza kwambiri kukoma kwa muzu, kuzipangitsa kukhala zosasangalatsa komanso zosasangalatsa.
Ndikofunikira! N'zosatheka kufesa nthaka nthawi yomweyo ndi manyowa musanadzalemo, chifukwa cha izi, kukoma kwa muzuwo kumakhala kowawa.
Otsatira bwino a kaloti ndiwo zomera za banja la nightshade (tomato, mbatata), dzungu (nkhaka, sikwashi), nyemba (nyemba, nyemba). Musagwirizane ndi ziwembu zochokera pansi pa mbeu zomwe zili ndi matenda ofanana ndi tizirombo: katsabola, parsley, parsnip, chitowe.
Kufesa mbewu
"Vita Long" ndi bwino kubzala m'chaka, monga mizu kuyambira kubzala kumakhala ndi khalidwe labwino. Pofuna kupeza mbeu pakati - kumapeto kwa September, kubzala kumayenera kuyambika pakati pa May. 
Kukonzekera kwa kubzala zakuthupi
Kukonzekera kwa mbeu kumaphatikizapo kuchepa kwa chidziwitso cha corneum ndi disinfection:
- Lembani. Ngakhale mbewu zatsopano za karoti zimakhala zochepa kumera - pafupifupi 50-60%. Pofuna kukonza chizindikiro ichi, mbewu imathiridwa m'madzi otentha kwa maola 4-5 kapena m'madzi kutentha kwa tsiku. Pambuyo pochotsa zokololazo kuchokera kumadzi, zouma firiji mpaka kuyandikana.
- Disinfection. Ngati mbeuyi idasungidwa pamtambo wambiri kapena muli ndi zifukwa zinanso zoyesa kukayikira kukhalapo kwa fungal spores, ndithudi ndi bwino kuchita prophylaxis. Pofuna kupewa fungal ndi matenda ena, osathamanga mbewu amadzizidwa mu 0.1-0.3% yothetsera potassium permanganate (pafupifupi 1 g ya potassium permanganate pa 200-300 ml ya madzi) kwa maola 1-1.5, kenako osambitsidwa ndi madzi. Njira yothetsera zinc sulphate (20 mg pa 100 ml ya madzi) imathandizanso kuti tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tingathe kugulidwa pa sitolo iliyonse yaulimi.
Phunzirani momwe mungamere masamba monga mbatata, turnips, nkhaka ndi zukini kuchokera ku mbewu.
Ndondomeko yofesa
Ndondomeko yofesa ikuwerengedwa malinga ndi kukula kwa mizu ndi nsonga za pamwamba. Zambirizi zizindikiro - kwambiri mwafesa kaloti. Kwa mitundu yambiri ya "Vita Long", chitsanzo chodzala ndi chonchi:
- kuya kwa grooves kuyenera kukhala 3-5 masentimita;
- Mbeu zimatsika pafupifupi mtunda wa 1-2 cm kuchokera kwa wina ndi mnzake;
- mtunda pakati pa grooves kwa mitundu ndi nsonga zazikulu ayenera kukhala osachepera 15-20 cm, mwinamwake zidzakhala zovuta kusamalira zomera.
Sikuti zowonongeka zokha ndizoyenera kudya, komanso nsonga. Nsonga zouma zimayaka tiyi, zomwe zimapindulitsa mkhalidwe wa mitsempha ya mitsempha, makamaka ndi mitsempha yotupa, ndipo imayambitsa njira zakuthambo.Ndikofunikira! Ndi bwino poyamba kupewa mbewu zakuda. Inde, m'tsogolomu munda ukhoza kudulidwa, koma kutulutsa zomera zina, mumaphwanya kuchuluka kwa nthaka yomwe ili pafupi ndi zomwe zatsala. Komanso, mizu yawo yawonongeka.
Maphunziro a Gulu
Katoloti wosamalira ndi ochepa: kwa zomera zakula, amachepetsedwa nthawi ndi nthawi kuthirira ndi kupalira, nthawi zina kupukuta mabedi, ndi kumera kuti athetse nthaka. Nthawi yofunika kwambiri pa nyengo yonse yokula ndi nthawi imene karoti isanamere, panthawiyi ndikofunika kuteteza mapangidwe apamwamba.
Kutsegula. Kawirikawiri, kufunika koyambitsa mvula ikadzatha: nthaka yapangidwa ndipo imalepheretsa mpweya kulowa m'kati mwa nthaka. Zomera monga kaloti, pamwamba pamadzi okwana 5 masentimita ndi abwino. Pachifukwa ichi, ndi bwino kugwiritsa ntchito makina atsopano ndi mano ofupikako komanso ophatikizapo, kapena opanga maluwa apadera. 
Kuthirira Pambuyo mutabzala komanso musanayambe kumera, mbeu imakhala ndi chinyezi chambiri. Ngati mbeuyi idakonzedweratu ndikuyikidwa pansi pa filimuyi - isanayambe kuphuka ayenera kukhala ndi chinyezi chokwanira chodzala panthawi yobzala. Chinthu china, ngati nyemba zabzala pamalo otseguka, palibe chofunikira kuchita popanda kuthirira. Tiyeni tiyambe tilankhule za njira ya ulimi wothirira: izi ziyenera kuchitidwa mosamala kwambiri, chifukwa mbewuzo zili pafupi ndi madzi ndipo madzi amatha kuwagwedeza pamwamba kapena "nyundo" mkati mwake, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti kumera kukhale kovuta. Ndi bwino kugwiritsa ntchito mphukira yapadera, yomwe imapereka mphamvu yeniyeni ndi kufalitsa kwa yunifolomu ya madzi. 
Matenda ndi tizirombo
Matenda aakulu a kaloti, owopsya mbewu - karoti ntchentche.
Izi ndi 4.5 mm tizilombo tambirimbiri omwe mphutsi zake zimatulutsa mizu ya karoti. Ntchentche imaika mazira m'nthaka kuzungulira kaloti, komwe kumakhala malo ozizira ndi ofunda omwe amapanga mphutsi. "Vita Long" sichimatha kuthamangitsidwa, chifukwa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda chimakhala makamaka pazinthu zabwino komanso zochepa, komabe sizingakhale zodabwitsa. Ndikofunika kuyamba kuteteza ndi kutulutsa dothi ndikupukuta pansi kwambiri, choncho mumapangitsa kuti zinthu zisamayende bwino ndipo ambiri a iwo ayenera kufa. Mwa njira zotetezera zingatchedwe mankhwala osokoneza bongo "Vega", "Decis Profi", "Inta-Vir", "Aklellik", aliyense wa iwo ali ndi malangizo pambali pa phukusi. 
A good agrotechnical chipangizo motsutsana karoti ntchentche ndi kubzala anyezi pakati pa kaloti. Madalitso awiri, chifukwa fungo la anyezi scarres karoti ntchentche, ndi kununkhiza kaloti - anyezi.
Medvedka
Tizilombo 3-5 masentimita ataliatali, okonda kwambiri, osati kukolola kokha kakolola kaloti, komanso mbewu zina zambiri. Kwa zaka zambiri, olima wamaluwa achita njira zambiri zothetsera Medvedka ndipo pali zambiri zambiri pa intaneti pa intaneti. Kwa ife eni, tikuwona mankhwalawa "Medvetoks". Izi ndizozizira zosasungunuka madzi, zomwe zimagwera pakati pa mizere, ndikutsanulira ndi madzi. Kutengeka ndi fungo, zimbalangondo zimadya poizoni, zomwe zimatenga maola 2-3. Mukamatsatira malamulo a chitetezo, mankhwalawa si owopsa kwa anthu ndi nyama, koma ndi poizoni kwa njuchi ndi nsomba.
Kuchokera njira zodziŵika bwino, zilembo za asters zikhoza kutchedwa, koma mwanjira imeneyi zomwe zokhumbazi sizikupezeka nthawi zonse. 
Wireworm
Okalamba ndi mphutsi za wireworm.
Wireworm ndi mphutsi ya kachilomboka kamene kamatulutsa mizu ndi mizu ya mbewu zina ndi zomera za banja la nightshade. Mankhwalawa amatha kuwonongeka kwambiri, koma amakhala ovuta kwambiri kwa feteleza ndi mankhwala omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito motsutsana ndi ntchentche za ntchentche.
Pa matendawa kaloti amakhudzidwa makamaka ndi matenda a fungal: wakuda kuvunda, patio kuvunda, bakiteriya zowola. Mphukira imayamba mofulumira kwambiri ndi kutentha kwambiri komanso kutentha. Matenda abwino a matenda a fungus amayamba kusamalidwa ndi potassium permanganate ndi autumn mankhwala a Baikal EM-1, Baikal EM-5, Baktofit, Trikhodermin ndi zina zofanana ndi fungicides. Mukhozanso kugwiritsa ntchito Bordeaux madzi kapena Oxyhoma 2% yankho. Copper oxychloride ndi njira yodziwika kwambiri yothetsera matenda a fungal, koma sizodandauliridwa kuti muziigwiritse ntchito pa malo oti mubzala kaloti, monga mankhwalawa ali ndi zotsatira zoipa pa kukoma kwa muzu.
Choncho, ngati mukufuna chidwi chochulukirapo, chokwanira kwambiri chokhala ndi khalidwe lapamwamba komanso kusamalira bwino, mudzakhutira ndi zotsatira za kaloti "Vita Long". Tsatirani malangizo ndikusonkhanitsa zokolola zabwino. Bwino! 
