Badan ndi wachikale wabanja la Kamnelomkov, yemwe adadziwika kuyambira zaka za zana la 18. Dzina lina ndi "makutu a njovu." Koyambira ku Siberia. Malo ogawa - Central Asia, Mongolia, Korea, China, Mapiri a Altai, Primorsky Territory. Imakonda mabanki amtsinje, mitsinje, miyala, malo otsetsereka, nkhalango. Chomera chili ndi zinthu zambiri zothandiza.
Makhalidwe a maluwa onunkhira
Badan kapena Bergenia (dzina) amagwiritsa ntchito masamba a basal. Amakhala okongoletsa mutatha maluwa. Mbale zake ndi zachikopa, m'lifupi, mwanjira yopyapyala, ozungulira, ellipse, yokhazikitsidwa m'mbali. M'nyengo yotentha, zobiriwira zakuda, zonyezimira, m'dzinja zimakhala zodzala, zofiirira, zofiirira, rasipiberi, mkuwa wowala. Kutalika kwa masamba ndi 3-35 masentimita, m'lifupi ndi masentimita 2,5-30. Amakhala pa petioles ndipo amasonkhanitsidwa mu rosette yoyambira, zigawo za membranous zimapangidwa m'munsi mwa iwo. Masamba amawonekera maluwa, kumera chilimwe chonse osafa nthawi yozizira.
Tsinde la mbewuyo ndi lotalikirapo, losalala, lopanda masamba, 15-50 cm, lalitali lakuda. Mpweya wakewo ndi wokulirapo, woderapo, wopanda kuya komanso wokulirapo, kutalika kwake mpaka 3.5 cm, kutalika kwake ndi mita zingapo.
Maluwa onunkhira amasonkhanitsidwa mumantha a inflorescence, amakhala pamtengo wapamwamba. Kapangidwe kake ndi belu. Maluwa kumapeto kwa Marichi ndipo limaphukira mpaka kumapeto kwa Meyi. Mtundu - woyera-matalala, pinki, fuchsia, wofiirira. Chipatsocho ndi bokosi lokhala ndi njere zakuda, zazing'ono.
Mitundu ndi mitundu ya zonunkhira
Gawani mitundu 10 yazomera, yolumikizidwa mu mtundu umodzi, zitatu zoyambirira ndizodziwika kwambiri pakupanga zokongoletsa.
| Onani | Kufotokozera / Kutalika (m) | Masamba | Maluwa / Nthawi Yamasika |
| Mbale (officinalis, Mongolia) | Maluwa oyambilira, osalolera mthunzi, ofuna chinyezi. Tachiritsa tiyi wakonzedwa kuchokera pamenepo. 0,2-0,5. | Zooneka ngati mtima, kuzungulira, kolimba, 20 cm mulifupi, kutalika kwa masentimita 30. Zobiriwira zowala nthawi yotentha komanso masika, zofiirira, zonyezimira m'dzinja. | Pinki wakuda. Konzani zofiira. Pumbwa. Wapinki wapinki. Mapeto a Epulo. |
| Zachikondi | Chachikulu, chitha nyengo yachisanu pansi pa chisanu. 0,6. | Wofinya, wowuma mawonekedwe a mtima. Choyera chobiriwira nthawi yotentha, komanso chofiirira chofiirira pakugwa, ndikuwala. | Lilac-pinki. Meyi |
| Ciliary | Kuchokera ku Tibet ndi Himalayas, amakonda nkhalango zamathunzi, magombe a mapiri. 0,3. | Yakukulika, fleecy, yokhala ndi malire a pinki, kutalika kwa 2,5 cm. | Choyera, chofiirira cha pinki, onunkhira. Epulo |
| Pacific | Kugawidwa ku Far East, kujambulidwa, kukukula pakati pa miyala. 0,4. | Kufikira masentimita 20, chowulungika, m'mphepete mumakhala matumba, obiriwira nthawi yotentha, red-burgundy nthawi yophukira. M'nyengo yozizira, -18 ° C, amafa. | Lilac, kuyambira Meyi mpaka Juni. |
| Swatch | Zosavuta kusiyanitsa, zojambula. Habitat - Afghanistan, Asia. 0,3. | Ovate, wokhala ndi masentimita 3-5, kutalika kwa 8-10 8-10. Wogulitsidwa, lakuthwa m'mphepete, wonyezimira. Zabwino kwambiri zosungidwa pansi pa chipale chofewa. | Buluu wofiirira, oyera-oyera. Meyi mpaka Seputembala. |
| Zophatikiza | Zimapezeka podutsa mitundu yosiyanasiyana. | Masamba ambiri ndi akuluakulu, avy, zobiriira, zofiirira, zachikasu. | Mitundu yosiyanasiyana. |
| Schmidt | Zophatikiza kuchokera ku ciliary ndi mbale. 0,3 | Ellipsoid, 15c kutalika ndi 25 cm mulifupi pa petioles lalitali, adaloza m'mbali. Green ndi wobiriwira-buluu pakugwa. | Scarlet. Mapeto a Epulo. |
| Bach | Chidachi Ogonjetsedwa ndi chisanu. 0,3-0,4 | Wobiriwira wakuda, bulauni mu Okutobala. | Choyera. Meyi-Juni. |
Zosiyanasiyana za Platyphyllum
| Gulu | Kutalika (masentimita) | Maluwa | Nthawi ya maluwa |
| Chilaum | 50 | Konzani zofiira. | Meyi-Juni. |
| Hiderruspe | 200 | Wapinki wapinki. | |
| Señor | 40 | Pumbwa. | Meyi |
Mitundu Yosiyanasiyana ya Mtima
| Gulu | Kutalika (masentimita) | Maluwa | Nthawi ya maluwa |
| Nyenyezi yofiira | 50 | Carmine pinki. | Meyi |
| Kuwala kwam'mawa | 35 | Pinki wopepuka, wakuda pakati. | |
| Cordifolia | 30-40 | Pinki wakuda. | Epulo-Meyi. |
Zosiyanasiyana za Strechi
| Gulu | Kutalika (masentimita) | Maluwa | Nthawi ya maluwa |
| Belvedere | 20 | Pinki. | Epulo-Meyi. |
| Achira | 40 | Wapinki ndi oyera. | |
| Alba | 5-100 | Choyera ngati chipale. | Meyi |
Zosiyanasiyana Zophatikiza
| Gulu | Kutalika (masentimita) | Maluwa | Nthawi ya maluwa |
| Bressingame White | 30 | Chachikulu, choyera. | Meyi-Juni. |
| Doll ya Makanda | Pinki. | ||
| Mdima Wamdima wa Edeni | Konzani zofiira. | ||
| Matsenga amatsenga | 35 | Ngale. | Epulo-Meyi. |
| Kuwala kwa Lanur | 40 | Biringanya wapinki. | Juni-Ogasiti. |
Kulima duwa la lubani
Badan amatha kukongoletsa malowa, dimba, likufunidwa m'malo opanga ma rabatok, m'malire, mapiri a Alpine. Duwa silikhala lonyansa, koma kubzala ndi kusamalira panja kumafuna kutsatira malamulo aukadaulo aulimi.
Kufesa mbewu
Mbewu zimagulidwa kapena kukolola kuchokera ku tchire. Kuti muchite izi, sankhani wosaka, koma inflorescence yayikulu, ikani thumba ndikudula. Nthawi yokolola ndi Seputembara. Tsitsani kwa masabata angapo m'malo opumira, kenako ndikugwedeza, oyera. Sungani m'matumba ansalu.
Zofesedwa kumayambiriro kwa kasupe, chidebe chachikulu chamatanda, pansi zimakhala ndi mchenga, timiyala tating'ono. Kubzala tenga dothi logulira maluwa. Mizere imapangidwa kuti ikhale yotalika ndi 0,5 masentimita komanso yopanda masentimita 3. Imadziyamwa ndi madzi ofunda, mbewu imafesedwera chimodzimodzi pambuyo ponyowetsedwa. Amayika mthunzi wocheperako, komwe kutentha +18 ... +19 ° ะก, chinyezi ndi 75%.
Nthawi zina mbewu zimafesedwa mu Novembala, zimatengedwa pansi pa chipale chofewa. M'mwezi wa Marichi, konzekerani kutentha ndikukhala kumapeto kwa Epulo.
Kusamalira Mbewu
Mbande zikuyembekezeka m'masabata atatu. Nthaka imamasulidwa nthawi zonse, makamaka kutumphuka. Sungunulani kwambiri, mulowetse malo m'chipindacho. Amasungidwa ndi dzuwa kuti asayake. Feteleza safunikira, wolimbikitsa kukula sangasokoneze. Pakatha mwezi umodzi, zikumera zimadulidwa. Imbani mbande m'mwezi wa Meyi, m'bokosi lokonzedwa mtunda wa 5-7 cm ndi 15 cm pakati pa mizere. Asanadzalemo malo otseguka, mbande zimakwiya mumsewu, khonde, ndikuwonjezera nthawi tsiku lililonse. Mbewu zikaima mumlengalenga tsiku limodzi, nthawi yakwana m'munda.
Kunja kofikira
Pakumapeto kwa chilimwe, zofukiza zimabzalidwa panthaka. Malo okhala ndi dothi lopepuka, lotayirira, lokhala pang'ono pang'ono zamchere okha. Izi ndizofunikira kuti mizu isafe. Mothandizidwa ndi dzuwa lowongoka, ma inflorescence satha kupanga, koma masamba adzakhala opunduka.
Choyamba, maenje amapangidwa, akuya masentimita 6-8.Amasunthika 40 × 40. Pansi pa malo osakanikirana ndi dothi lamtambo, loamy, humus, mchenga (1: 1: 2: 1). Mmera, limodzi ndi mtanda, zimabowolanso dzenje ndi njira yodutsa. Dothi lanyongedwa ndi udzu, utuchi. Maluwa amakula pang'onopang'ono, maluwa amatuluka kwa zaka 3-4.
Kusamalira maluwa
Kusamalira maluwa sikovuta. Mu yophukira, masamba owuma ndi inflorescence amayeretsedwa, ndipo mu April - masamba chaka chatha, masamba osweka, ofooka, ophukira. Dothi lanyongedwa. Pouma, tchire limafunikira kuthirira mobwerezabwereza: masamba akaphuka, mkati mwa maluwa, patatha milungu itatu.
Ndikofunika kupewa kupukuta ndi kusokosera kwamadzi. Mvula ikagwa, kuthirira sikofunikira.
Manyowa 2 times, mu kasupe, pambuyo maluwa ndi yophukira. Zosakaniza zovuta zimagwiritsidwa ntchito, mwachitsanzo, Kemira - 1 tbsp. l pa ndowa yamadzi ndi 2 sq.m. chiwembu. Kachiwiri superphosphate - 20 g pa 10 malita a madzi (1 sq. M).
M'madera ozizira, ngakhale chomera sichitha kugonjetsedwa ndi chisanu, mitundu ina singathe kupirira kutentha. Mabasi amakutidwa ndi masamba agwa, nthambi za spruce.
Kubalana ndi kufalitsa zofukiza
Zomera zimafalikira ndi mbewu, kugawa chitsamba. Ana ophunzitsidwa ang'onoang'ono okhala ndi mizu amakumbidwa osakhudza amayi. Chitsamba chathanzi cha zaka 4-5 chokhala ndi masamba akulu chimasankhidwa. Nthawi zambiri gwiritsani ntchito njirayi mutatha maluwa, kuyambira Meyi mpaka Ogasiti. Pa gawo lirilonse, kutalika kwa 10 cm, ayenera kukhala impso zitatu. Sulani masamba, siyani ang'ono. Kumbani mabowo akuya kwa masentimita 3-5 ndikulingana kwa masentimita 30 mpaka 40 kuchokera wina ndi mnzake. Madzi ambiri masabata atatu oyamba. Mukazika mizu, mbewuyo imaphukira tsamba, imaphuka kokha patatha zaka ziwiri.
Duwa limatha kukhalapo kwa zaka zambiri m'dera limodzi, pang'onopang'ono limakula ndikupanga malo ochulukirapo. Zikatero, amazika ndikofunikira zaka zisanu ndi chimodzi ndi zisanu ndi chimodzi. Kumayambiriro kwa Seputembala, chitsamba chija chimagawidwa ndikudzalidwa. Masiku oyamba ochepa amafunika kuthirira okwanira.
Matenda ndi tizirombo ta zonunkhira
Chomera sichimadziwika ndi matenda ndi tizilombo toononga.
Ndi kusayenda kwa chinyezi, pamakhala chiopsezo cha ramulariosis - matenda oyamba ndi fungus. Pamwambapo masamba amaphimbidwa ndi mawanga a bulauni okhala ndi malire, kuchokera pansi pachoyera choyera. Kenako ziuma. Masamba amakhudzidwa ndi masamba amachotsedwa. Imathandizira chithandizo ndi Bordeaux madzi, Fundazole, sulfate yamkuwa.
Mabasi omwe akukula mumithunzi amatha kuwerengedwa ndi ma penbies a slobbery. Udzu wandiweyani ndi malo osungira mphutsi zawo. Tizilombo timatulutsa thovu ngati chitho. Pofuna kuthana, gwiritsani ntchito sopo wanyumba, kulowetsedwa kwa chowawa, Karbofos, Intavir, kuchitira mbeu kawiri pouma, masiku otentha mutatha maluwa.
Ma roundworms kapena nematode amayala mphutsi mwanjira ya mipira pamizu. Zikaikidwa, zimathandizidwa kupewa. Tizilombo tikadzaukira chomeracho, timakumba, chidacho chimasungidwa munthaka ya manganese. Kuyika kumalo atsopano. Nthaka yomwe chitsamba chake chidakulira chimakhazikika ndi mankhwala atizilombo. Sadzabyala chilichonse pachaka chonse.
Mr. Chilimwe wokhala pachilimwe akuvomereza: lubani - duwa lolandira zakumwa zochiritsa
Mankhwala ndi awa: kukula kwa mbewu, masamba, maluwa, zipatso. Chifukwa cha zomwe zili mu ma tannins, kufufuza zinthu, vitamini C, zonunkhira zimagwiritsidwa ntchito mochizira. Chomera chimakhala ndi anti-yotupa, kuchiritsa, kupha tizilombo toyambitsa matenda.
Mipira yapangidwa mu Juni-Julayi. Muzu umatsukidwa ndikuuma, ukhoza kusungidwa kwa zaka 4. Masamba amatengedwa mchaka kapena yophukira, kutsukidwa, zouma, kuphwanyika. Sungani mu thumba la nsalu.
Malingaliro amakonzedwa kuchokera ku zopaka zowuma, tiyi kuchokera masamba a chaka chatha, nyengo yachisanu pansi pa chipale chofewa, koma osati achichepere, ndiwowopsa ndipo amavulaza thupi.
Badan amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati matenda a akazi, zilonda zapakhosi, mavuto am'mimba, kupweteka kwa mutu, ndipo amagwiritsidwa ntchito pakukonzekera mano.
Kutengera gawo la kukula, mankhwala a zonunkhira amasiyanasiyana. Tiyi wa ku Mongolia amathandiza ndi chitetezo chochepa. Palibe a Tibet amawagwira ndi chifuwa, chifuwa, chifuwa, chifuwa chachikulu. Folk mankhwala a Siberia amapereka zofukizira matenda am`kamwa, mmero, m'mimba thirakiti. Ma rhizomes a ufa amathandizira mabala. Tiyi imamenyedwa masamba a chomera, chakumwa chimalimbitsa mphamvu zamphongo, chimathandizanso kupsinjika, ma toni, kusintha kagayidwe, ndikuchotsa poizoni. Ma infusions amadzi, ma tinctures akupanga ndi otchuka.
Chomera chimatha kuvulaza ngati sukudziwa za zake zoyipitsidwa. Simalimbikitsa kufukiza kwa anthu omwe ali ndi hypotension, mtima arrhythmia, chizolowezi chokhala ndi chifuwa, komanso kudzimbidwa. Komanso woyembekezera, kuyatsa.
