Mashenka osiyanasiyana adasankhidwa ndi obereketsa Altai. Mitundu ya phwetekereyi ndi yabwino kukula m'madera ambiri, imagwirizana ndi kuzizira ndipo sizimadwala, ndipo zipatso zake zofiira ndi yowutsa mudyo zimakhala ndi kukoma kwambiri.
Ngakhale mabulosi a Mashenka adabadwa posachedwa, lero ndi amodzi mwa mitundu yotchuka kwambiri ya tomato pakati pamaluwa konsekonse. Mu 2011, akatswiri adatcha izi chifukwa cha zabwino kwambiri zomwe zidasankhidwa ku Russia.
Kufotokozera kosiyanasiyana Mashenka
Zosiyanasiyana ndi zamkati mwazaka zapakati. Tomato wakucha m'masiku 110-115 kuyambira nthawi yobzala mbande pansi. Mabasi kutalika amatha kufika mamita 2. Chomera chimadziwika ndi zipatso zambiri - chitsamba chimodzi chimabweretsa mbewu mpaka 12 kg.
Masamba ndi wandiweyani, wobiriwira. Thumba lam'madzi loyamba lili pamwamba pa tsamba lakhumi. Pakati pa thumba losunga mazira nthawi zambiri pamakhala ma shiti atatu.
Zipatsozo ndizazungulira, zofiira, ndi nyama yowutsa mudyo komanso yanyama. Pakani nthawi. Kulemera 200-260 magalamu. Pali nthawi zina pomwe zipatso zochuluka zimaposa magalamu 600. Sankhani mbeu zochuluka. Phwetekere iliyonse imakhala ndi zipinda 6 za mbewu. Peel ndi wandiweyani.
Kukoma kumakhala kokhazikika, kokoma komanso wowawasa. Zogwiritsidwa ntchito pakusunga ndi kukonza masaladi. Moyo wa alumali ndifupi.
Zabwino ndi zovuta za phwetekere zosiyanasiyana Mashenka
Wamaluwa ndi alimi omwe amalima izi pamasamba awo, onani zabwino izi:
- Tomato wa Mashenka amakula bwino pobiriwira komanso mosabisalira;
- Ndi sq imodzi. m pa nyengo kusonkhanitsa mpaka 28 makilogalamu a zabwino kwambiri;
- Zosiyanasiyana ndizachilengedwe, motero zipatsozi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pakumwa kwatsopano ndikuphika madzi. Komanso, tomato ndi oyenera kusunga;
- Chomera sichikhala ndi matenda ambiri, osatha kupirira kutentha;
- Tomato amakhala ndi kakomedwe kosangalatsa ndi mawonekedwe abwino, chifukwa nthawi zambiri amakulitsidwa kuti azigulitsidwa.
Mwa zoipa amatchedwa katundu wa mitundu, monga:
- Kutalika kwamabasi;
- Alumali moyo wa tomato wakucha;
- Kufunika kosamalidwa mosamalitsa;
- Ndikulima mumsewu, zokolola zimachepa.
Phwetekere yamtunduwu ndi yoyenera kuyambira kwa alimi, koma kuti muthe kukolola zochuluka, ndikofunikira kutsatira kwathunthu malamulo omwe akukula pansipa.
Tekinoloje yokulitsa tomato Mashenka
Tomato wa Mashenka wakula m'chigawo chapakati cha Russia, m'chigawo cha Krasnodar, Caucasus, Middle and Southern Urals komanso ku Siberia. M'madera okhala ndi nyengo yozizira komanso dothi losauka, ndikwabwino kuti mukule tomato m'malo obiriwira.
Nthawi yodzala nyemba za mbande imayambira pa Marichi mpaka Epulo (masiku 55-65 asanaikidwe dothi). Kummwera, pang'ono koyambirira - kumapeto kwa February kapena koyambirira kwa Marichi.
Mbewu zabwino kwambiri zimamera mgawo wamchenga.
Dothi limathandizidwa chisanadze ndi yankho la potaziyamu permanganate kapena kuwotcha kwa mphindi 15 mu uvuni. Kukonzanso mankhwala ophera tizirombo ndikupha bowa wotheka.
Mbeu zimamera bwino m'mbale zofunikira zilizonse. Pansi pa chidebe padzayenera kukhala dzenje lomwe lidzalepheretse kuchuluka kwa chinyezi komanso kuwola kwa mizu.
Asanabzale, nthangala zimanyowetsedwa tsiku limodzi mu njira ya sopo kapena madzi a aloe, kenako amathandizidwa ndi othandizira kuti azikula. Wamaluwa ochokera kumadera omwe amakhala ndi nyengo yozizira amawaumitsanso powayika mufiriji kwa maola 4 kapena kuwatulutsa poyera.
Zomera zobzala zimabzalidwa m'maenje 1 cm kuya motalikirana ndi 3-4 cm kuchokera kwa wina ndi mnzake. Zomwe muli ndi mbande zimayikidwa pamalo otentha. Mbewu zoyambirira zikaonekera, chidebe chimasinthidwa kupita kumalo owala nyumbayo. Zomera zimafunikira kuunikira kowala, nyali zimayikidwa pambali pafupi ndi mbande.
Mphukira imafunikira kuvala kwapamwamba, kotero imakonzedwa katatu ndikupanga feteleza wapadera. Olima ena amagwiritsa ntchito kavalidwe kazomera komwe amapangidwa kunyumba. Kuti muchite izi, pakani yisiti ndi madzi ofunda, onjezani supuni ziwiri za shuga ndikulola kuti osakaniza apange kwa maola awiri. Kenako konzani yankho muyezo wa 0,5 l wa yankho pa 10 l yamadzi ndikuthirira mbande.
Masabata awiri asanabzalidwe pamabedi, zikumera zamtoto zimawumitsidwa, ndikutengera zotengera kumweya watsopano. Msewu uyenera kukhala wofunda mokwanira, apo ayi mbande zitha kufa.
Zabwino kwambiri zimadza ndi tomato wobzalidwa mumchenga loamy kapena loamy nthaka. Zomera zimayikidwa m'nthaka kumapeto kwa masika kapena milungu yoyamba ya June. Pofika nthawi imeneyo, nyengo yofunda iyenera kukhazikitsidwa popanda chisanu chamadzulo. Mabasi amazika mu nthaka, mpaka kutalika kwa 30 cm panthawi yobzala ndikupereka masamba 4-5.
Nthaka imakonzedwa kale ndi osakaniza phulusa, kompositi ndi supuni 1 ya urea. Mtunda pakati pa tchire uyenera kukhala wosachepera 35. Mbewu zimafunika kuvala pamwamba ndikutulutsa phosphorous ndi nayitrogeni.
Masamba okhwima amafunika garter yoyenera. Ngati tsinde silimangirizidwa kuthandiziro, limatha kuthyoka chifukwa cha chipatso cholemera.
Nyengo yonseyi, tomato amafuna kuthirira nthawi zonse, kuvala pamwamba komanso kulimira. Mabedi amayeretsedwa namsongole osaposa nthawi imodzi mu masabata atatu. Thirirani tchire ngati nthaka ikuluma. Mulching imathandiza kuti chinyezi chizikhala chinyezi. Monga mulch, udzu, utuchi, peat ntchito. Dothi la mulch siliyenera kupitirira 10 cm.
Zomera zimachotsa masamba ofananira sabata. Pasynkovka ndi gawo lofunika posamalira tomato, popanda mbewuyo sangathe kubweretsa zokolola zomwe akuyembekezera.
Pamene thumba lachiberekero la 5-6 likuwonekera pachitsamba, pamwamba limadulidwira kuti likule kwambiri.
Matenda ndi Tizilombo
Tomato wolima Mashenka samadwala. Nthawi zambiri, mbewu zimagwidwa ndi tizirombo - agulugufe, mbozi zamisoti, nsabwe za m'masamba. Pokana ndi tizilombo, ma Spark M, Coragen, Aktara ndi ena amagwiritsidwa ntchito.
Pofuna kupewa tizirombo, tchire limachiritsidwa mwezi uliwonse ndi yankho la potaziyamu permanganate (1 gramu / l yamadzi). Zimayambira ndi masamba zimathiridwa ndimadzi ndi madzi, komanso zimathandizira dothi ndikuthandizira.
M'malo obiriwira, tomato amatha kugwidwa ndi fungal matenda ndikuwonongeka kwa kangaude. Chifukwa chotheka chachitukuko cha matenda ndikusagwirizana ndi kayendetsedwe ka ulimi wothirira komanso kusowa kwa chisamaliro choyenera.
Mr. Chilimwe wokhala kumudzi kwawo amadziwitsa: kusonkha ndi kugwiritsa ntchito tomato Mashenka
Nthawi yokolola zimatengera momwe tomato amayenera kugwiritsira ntchito mtsogolo:
Zopangika bwino, komabe zipatso zobiriwira zimakololedwa kuti zizisungidwa kwakutali. Phwetekere zoterezi zimakhwima kale muchipinda;
Kwa mayendedwe ataliatali, tomato wofiyira pang'ono ndiye bwino;
Tomato wofiyira komanso wokucha kwathunthu amakolola kuti mugwiritse ntchito muma saladi ndi mwatsopano.
Tomato wa Mashenka ndi oyenera kugwiritsa ntchito mitundu yambiri ya zophikira - amagwiritsidwa ntchito kupangira sosi, pasitala, ketchups, timadziti, ndi lecho. Popeza zipatsozo zimafikira zazikulu, zimaphwanyidwa zisanachitike kukolola.
China mwa zinthu zamtunduwu ndi mavitamini ndi michere yambiri. Zipatso zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ku saladi mkati mwa masabata awiri mutakolola ndizopindulitsa kwambiri. Kutalika kwa alumali kwa mbewu yokhwima ndi masabata atatu. Pamapeto pake, zipatsozo zimayamba kuwonongeka ndikuyamba kusiya kukoma.
