Aspergillosis ndi matenda opatsirana omwe amachitidwa ndi bowa la Aspergillus, lomwe limakhudza maselo a serous ndi dongosolo la kupuma. Matendawa amatha kupezeka pang'onopang'ono.
Monga lamulo, nkhuku ili ndi mitundu iwiri ya matenda: Kuwala. Aspergillosis woterewa amawoneka ndi kuphulika kwakukulu kwa nyama zinyama.
Pa nthawi yomweyi, kukhumudwa ndi kufa kuli pamwambamwamba. Zosatha. Kaŵirikaŵiri zimawonedwa pakakula anthu akuluakulu.
Zikhozanso kukhala nyumba zonse za nkhuku ndi mbalame iliyonse kuchokera ku gulu lalikulu. Matendawa amakhala aakulu nthawi zambiri. Izi zimachitika pamene mbalame zimakhala malo ochepa.
Kodi aspergillosis ndi mbalame zotani?
Aspergillosis amadwala mbalame zoweta komanso zakutchire. Choncho, anthu onse ayenera kuonedwa kuti ndi omwe angathe kunyamula matenda.
Nkhumba za Aspergillus, chifukwa cha matendawa, zimapezeka nkhuku kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma 1900.
Nthawi zambiri, aspergillosis amadwala abakha, swans, jays, turkeys ndi nkhuku. Pansi pa chilengedwe, achinyamatawo amaonedwa kuti ndi ovuta kwambiri kwa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda.
Kwa nthawi yoyamba, nkhungu za nkhungu zinkapezeka mu dongosolo la kupuma kwa mbalame mu 1815.
Anali A. Meyer wa ku Germany amene adapeza Aspergillus mu nthenga za bronchi ndi zowala.
Pambuyo pake, mu 1855, G. Fresenius pa kafukufuku anavumbula bowa mu njira yopuma yopuma.
Awa anali mpweya ndi mapapo. Wasayansi ananena kuti apeza Aspergillusfumigatus. Matendawa amadziwika kuti aspergillosis.
Patapita nthawi, matendawa amapezeka m'matumbo ambiri komanso ngakhale anthu. Ichi ndi chofala kwambiri ku mold mycosis, yomwe imalembedwa m'mayiko ambiri padziko lonse lapansi.
Matendawa amachititsa kuti ziweto za nkhuku ziwonongeke kwambiri. Choncho, imfa ya achinyamata imakhala yosiyana pakati pa 40 ndi 90%.
Amayambitsa matendawa
Mu nkhuku, aspergillosis imapezeka chifukwa cha Apergillus flavus ndi fumigatus.
Nthawi zina zingakhale zina tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Zimadziwika kuti nkhungu zotere zimapezeka m'nthaka, kudyetsa tirigu ndi nkhani yobereka.
Bowa saopa kutentha. Iwo amayamba mwakhama ngakhale pa 45 ° C. Mitundu ina ya Aspegillus imagonjetsedwa ndi mankhwala, kuphatikizapo tizilombo toyambitsa matenda.
Matendawa amapezeka ndi aerogenic and foodary. Nthawi zambiri, anthu amadwala, ngakhale kuti nthawi zina aspergillosis amakula kwambiri.
Kuphulika kwake kumachitika pokhapokha pali nambala yambiri ya tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Pankhaniyi, kawirikawiri magwero a matendawa amatenga zinyalala m'nyumba.
Komanso, chifukwa chake chingakhale kuphwanya kukana chifukwa cha nkhawa, zakudya zosayenera kapena kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo.
Nyama zodwala ndi mbalame - izi ndizimene zimayambitsa matenda, chifukwa chinsinsi chawo chimatengera zipangizo mu chipinda ndi chakudya.
Zochitika ndi zizindikiro
Nkhuku zambiri zimatengera kachilombo koyambitsa matendawa, kutanthauza kuti bowa amalowa m'thupi limodzi ndi chakudya chomwe ali nacho.
Zosavuta, mbalame zimakhala ndi kupweteka kwa spores. Nkhuku zowonjezereka za nkhuku zimadziwika pa malo opangira makina. Motero, gelatinous kuyimitsidwa ndi Aspergillusfumigatus ikhoza kufika pamwamba pa mazira.
Zizindikiro zazikulu ndi izi:
- mpweya wochepa;
- kupuma mofulumira;
- kupuma kovuta.
Pakapita nthawi, kupuma kungamveke. Mbalame zomwe zimakhudzidwa sizikhala ndi njala, zimatopa komanso zimagona. Mukakhala ndi kachilombo ka mtundu wina wa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, pangakhale kutayika, komanso torticollis.
Malingana ndi msinkhu wa mbalameyi, matendawa akhoza kukhala ovuta, a subacute kapena aakulu. Nthawi yosakaniza nthawi zambiri imatenga masiku 3-10.
Mu njira yovuta kwambiri, mbalameyo imayamba kugwira ntchito ndipo pafupifupi imakana kudyetsa. Wathyola nthenga ndi kutulutsa mapiko.
Pakapita nthawi, munthuyo amawoneka mpweya ndi mpweya wochokera kumphuno. Fomu yapamwamba imakhalapo kuyambira masiku 1 mpaka 4, pomwe anthu akufa ndi 80-100%.
Posachedwapa, ku Russia, alopecia nkhuku m'nyumba zimakhala zachilendo. Dziwani mdani pankhope!Simudziwa kutentha nyumbayo? Werengani za inshuwalansi pansi pa tsamba lino!
Fomu yachizoloŵezi kawirikawiri imatenga sabata, zosachepera - masiku khumi ndi awiri. Nkhumba yodwala imapuma kupuma mofulumira., ndipo munthuyo amakoka mutu wake ndikutsegula mlomoyo.
Popeza aspergillosis nthawi zambiri amakhudza mabomba a mpweya, kuwomba mluzu ndi kuwomba kumamveka panthawi yopuma. Kenaka pali kusowa kwa njala, ludzu lalikulu ndi kutsegula m'mimba. Mbalame zambiri zimafa chifukwa cha ziwalo.
Zosokoneza
Kuti matendawa afunike amafunika kuyesa ma laboratory osiyanasiyana. Nthawi zambiri, matendawa amachitika pambuyo pa imfa ya mbalameyi. Zitsanzo zonse ziyenera kusonkhanitsidwa pogwiritsira ntchito antiseptics.
Zotsatira zake zimabzalidwa pa mulingo woyenera wa michere. Izi kawirikawiri zimakhala zogwirizana ndi agalu kapena njira ya Czapek.
Mayesero achilengedwe samapindulitsa kwambiri. Izi zimachokera ku chikhalidwe chosagwirizana ndi ma antigen.
Chithandizo
Ngati matendawa atsimikiziridwa ndi mbalame yodwala, nystatin imatengedwa ngati aerosol.
Kawirikawiri, njirayi imatenga mphindi 15 ndipo imachitidwa kawiri pa tsiku. Komanso, monga zakumwa muyenera kupereka osakaniza madzi 60 ml ndi 150 mg ya iodide ya potaziyamu. Chisamaliro chapadera chiyenera kulipidwa kwa zakudya ndi zikhalidwe zomangidwa.
Njira ina yopangira chithandizo imaphatikizapo kudyetsa nystatin pamlingo wa 350 IU pa lita imodzi ya madzi ndi mankhwala a aerosol m'chipinda cha masiku asanu.
Pa 1 m3 padzakhala 10 ml okwanira yankho la ayodini 1%. Zotsatira zabwino zimaperekedwa ndi kupopera mankhwala a iodine monochloride kapena Berenil 1%.
Pambuyo pochotsa gwero la matenda, mbalame iyenera kukonzanso. Choncho, m'pofunika kuchotsa ku zakudya zonse zomwe zimakhudzidwa ndi bowa la Aspergillus.
Chipinda chimene munthu wodwalayo anasungidwako ayenera kukhala disinfect ndi sodium hydroxide yankho 1% kapena yankho la alkaline la formaldehyde 2-3%.
Kukonzekera kwa zipangizo ndi nyumba yonse ayenera kusankha Virkon-S. Pambuyo pa chithandizochi, ndibwino kuti chipindacho chikhale choyeretsedwa ndi hydrated laimu kuyimitsidwa kwa 10-20%.
Kupewa
Monga njira yowonetsetsa, akasinja a madzi akumwa ndi chakudya ayenera kutsukidwa ndi kutetezedwa ndi matendawa tsiku ndi tsiku.
Pofuna kupewa matenda kufalitsa aspergillosis, m'pofunika kuwonjezera yankho la mkuwa wa sulfate kumadzi kwa mbalame mu chiŵerengero cha 1: 2000.
Komabe, njira iyi sitingayesedwe yodalirika kwambiri. Akatswiri sayenera kuligwiritsa ntchito nthawi zambiri.
Monga njira yoteteza, kugwiritsa ntchito Aspergillusfumigatus pogwiritsa ntchito katemera kumaloledwa. Pofuna kuchepetsa chiwerengero cha tizilombo tizilomboti tifunika kutsegula chipinda. Mpweya wokhala ndi mpweya wabwino ndi wabwino kwambiri.
Ngati chifuwachi chikufalikira kumunda wa nkhuku, zonsezi ndondomeko ya ntchito:
- kudziwika kwa magwero onse a matenda;
- kuchotsedwa ku zakudya za chakudya chokayikira;
- kuphedwa kwa mbalame zodwala zomwe zayamba kuuma;
- kusungunuka kwa chipinda pamaso pa mbalame;
- kuwonongeka kwakanthaŵi kwa zinyalala ndi zinyalala zonse.
Chifukwa cha njira yabwinoyi, kufa kwa mbalame kungachepetse kapena matenda angathe kupeŵa palimodzi.
