Musanagule phukusi lina ndi mbewu zabwino za nkhaka, muyenera kufufuza mosamala katundu wa mitundu yosiyanasiyana.
Ndipotu, si chitsamba chilichonse chomwe chingathe kulimbana ndi nyengo yovuta ya Siberia.
Koma nkhaka, chikhalidwe ichi chimakonda kuwala ndi kutentha kwambiri.
Koma kuswana kwamakono kwafika mofulumira kwambiri kuti mitundu yambiri ya anthu oimira banja la dzungu idalengedwa kale, yomwe ingathe kulimbana ndi kusintha kulikonse kwa nyengo ngakhale ku Siberia.
Choncho, ngati mukufuna kubzala mavuto oterewa osagonjetsa, nkhaka, ndiye mitundu iyi idzakugwirizanitsani.
Sakani "Altai"
Mitundu imeneyi imadziwikanso kwa amaluwa a ku Siberia chifukwa cha kudzichepetsa kwake komanso kukana kusintha kwa nyengo. "Altai" ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana yomwe imakula masiku 35 mpaka 38. Ndi chifukwa cha njuchi zomwe zimawombera maluwa a tchire, amakula bwino.
Olima munda amalimirira pamalo otseguka komanso m'malo obiriwira. Zitsamba za zosiyanasiyanazi zimakhala kutalika, mpaka mamita 1.2 m'litali. Zipatso zapakatikati (pafupifupi 9-10 masentimita), zimapindula ndi 85 mpaka 90 g kulemera kwake, ndi mawonekedwe a ovoid-cylindrical, obiriwira, owala kwambiri kuwawa. Nkhumba ya nkhakayi imadzazidwa ndi ma tubercles, nsonga zomwe ziri zoyera.
Amayi amasiye amadziŵa kuti zosiyanasiyanazi zimadziwonetsera bwinobwino, monga nkhaka izi zingakulungidwe m'mabanki ang'onoang'ono. Komanso, zipatsozi zikhoza kuwonjezera chakudya cha anthu komanso mwatsopano.
Mitundu imeneyi imagonjetsedwa ndi matenda odziwika bwino a nkhaka. Pereka ali pafupi 5 - 6 makilogalamu pamita mita imodzi.
Mu nyengo ya ku Siberia, sikuli koyenera kufesa mbewu nthawi yomweyo pansi, ngakhale zitabzalidwa mu wowonjezera kutentha.
Chifukwa chake, mbewu yamakonzedwe ikhoza kuchitidwa kuyambira kumayambiriro kwa April kufika kumayambiriro kwa May. Kuzama kwa kuyala kumafunika pafupifupi 1.5-2 masentimita. Kutentha kwa mpweya kumene mbewuzo zimatsimikiziridwa kuti zizitha kumera pafupifupi 23-25 ° C.
Komanso, mbande ziyenera kuthiriridwa ndikudyetsedwa. Pakuika mu nthaka pa 1 lalikulu. mamita akhoza prikopat osachepera 3 mbande. Palinso mbewu zomwe zimapindula ndi kugwiritsa ntchito opititsa patsogolo kukula. Kuti muchite izi, mutha kugula mankhwala alionse abwino kuti mugwiritse ntchito ndikugwiritsa ntchito malingana ndi malangizo.
Popeza mitunduyi ndi yolimba komanso yodzichepetsa, imakhala yochepa kwambiri, mwachitsanzo, mu kuthirira. Madzi madzu akutsatira madzi ofunda kamodzi pa sabata. Onetsetsani kuti mutsegule ndi kulumikiza nthaka, kuti musayambe kutuluka, zomwe zingasokoneze mizu "kupumira."
Filimu kapena udzu wa polyethylene ungagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati mulch. Mphungu, ndithudi, ndi yabwino, popeza zinthu izi sizingapangitse kukhala wowonjezera kutentha, monga momwe filimu ikanachitira. Mothandizidwa ndi microclimate yotere, mizu ingangoyamba kuvunda chifukwa cha kuchulukitsika kokwanira. The udzu pang'onopang'ono kuwonongeka ndipo kotero adzakhala zodabwitsa organic fetereza.
Ndikofunika kuti tipeze tchire ndi fungicides pamene zizindikiro zoyamba za matenda zikuwonekera.
Zosiyanasiyana "Miranda"
Kusakanikirana koyambirira kwa chilengedwe chonse. Tengani mizu mu nthaka iliyonse. Kutentha kwakukulu, ndi masamba ambiri aakulu, 1 - 2 ovariya amapangidwa mu mfundo imodzi. Zipatso zapakati, kukula kwa 11-12 masentimita m'litali, zolemera (110-120 g), zimangozungulira. Tsabolayi ili ndi timagulu tating'ono toyera.
Mtundu wa chipatsocho ndi wokondweretsa - nkhaka zonse ndi zodzala ndi zobiriwira, ndipo mikwingwirima yachikasu imapanga pakati pa nkhaka. Nyama ndi yowutsa mudyo, yokoma, ndi fungo lokoma. Onjezerani kukoma kokoma kwa saladi iliyonse, mwa iwo wokha kwambiri chokoma komanso mwatsopano, ndi zamzitini kapena zophika.
Sakani chisanu chopingandipo samakhudzidwa ndi matenda ambiri a nkhaka, kuphatikizapo powdery mildew.
Muyenera kuyamba ndi mbande, kubzala zomwe ziri bwino mkati mwa April. Cha kumapeto kwa May, mbande zikhoza kuikidwa mu wowonjezera kutentha kapena pansi. Pa nthawi yomwe mbande ziyenera kukhala "miphika" masiku osachepera makumi atatu. Mukamabzala mbande, nthaka iyenera kutentha mpaka 14 - 15 ̊С.
Ngati simukukonzekera kupanga chithandizo pa tchire, ndiye pa 1 lalikulu. Mamita angabzalidwe mbande 3 - 4.
Ngati kulima kwa trellis, ndiye kuti ndibwino kuti prikopat 2 - 3 zomera pa unit unit. Nthaka ya nkhaka zosiyanasiyanazi iyenera kukhala yachonde komanso yachangu. Choncho, ndi bwino kugwiritsa ntchito feteleza zosiyanasiyana pansi pa autumn, komanso kuwonjezera utuchi, zomwe zingathandize kuti dziko likhale lolimba kwambiri.
Kusamba madzi nthawi zonse 2-3 pa sabata ndi madzi ofunika. Ngati nyengo imagwa mvula yokwanira, ndiye kuti kuchuluka kwa kuthirira kumachepetsedwa kuti pasakhale chinyezi chochulukirapo m'nthaka. Onani ngati nthaka ikusowa madzi, mosavuta. Muyenera kutenga pang'ono mdzanja lanu ndi kufinya, ngati dothi likuphwanyidwa, ndiye kuti mumayenera kuthirira tchire. Ngati khungu limapangidwa, ndiye kuti chinyezi n'chokwanira.
Zoonadi kutero manyowazomwe zidzalimbikitsa ndi kudzaza nthaka ndi zinthu zonse zofunikira. Ngati chitsamba chikukula kwambiri ndi maluwa, ndipo zipatso sizinapangidwe, ndiye kuti mukuyenera kutsitsa zomera. Kenaka ndondomeko ya fruiting idzayamba.
Ndizosangalatsa kuwerenga za mitundu ya Chinese nkhaka
Zosiyanasiyana "Brigantine"
Anayambitsidwa ku Siberia. Nkhumba zosakanizidwa ndi njuchi, ndifupikitsa (masiku 45 mpaka 45). Zitsamba zowonjezereka, nthambi zowonjezera, masamba pa mphukira sizinanso zambiri.
Masamba omwewo ndi ofanana, akubiriwira. Zipatso zosakaniza kukula, 12-13 masentimita yaitali, mulemera phindu 85-95 g, wa cylindrical elliptical mawonekedwe. Pamwamba pamakhala tuberculate, malekezero a ma tubercles ndi oyera. Thupi ndi rind ndizobiriwira, koma khungu limakhala ndi mikwingwirima yobiriwira.
Zokolola zazikulu, pafupifupi 9 - 10 kg ndi 1 square. mabedi a mita. Nkhaka za zosiyanasiyana zosiyanasiyana kukoma osati mwatsopano, komanso kuzifutsa kapena zamzitini mawonekedwe.
Nthano zamakalata ziyenera kuchitika kumayambiriro kwa mwezi wa May. Ubwino wa Bookmarks ndi wovomerezeka. Chisamaliro cha mbande ndi kuthirira nthawi zonse, feteleza, komanso kutengapo tsamba lachiwiri pa mphukira.
Mukhoza kubzala mbande pansi kuyambira kumapeto kwa May mpaka kumayambiriro kwa mwezi wa June. Pakati pa mabedi omwe ali moyandikana ayenera kukhala mtunda wa masentimita 50. Pa 1 lalikulu. Mitengo ya nthaka ingabzalidwe mbande 3 - 4. Pambuyo pa kuika, ndibwino kuthirira pansi ndikuphimba ndi mulch.
Ngati nthenda yomwe nyengo imasintha ndi yabwino, ndiye bwino kubisala mbande ndi poleti polyethylene mpaka nyengo yowonjezera itakhazikitsidwe.
Kusamalira kumaphatikizapo kuthirira madzi ndi madzi otentha nthawi zonse, ndipo nthawi yomwe imakhala pakati pawo iyenera kukhala pafupi masiku awiri, popeza izi ndizofunikira chinyezi. Mukangomaliza mbande za prikopali, amafunika kutsanulira madzi ambiri ofunda, ndipo mutatha kutentha, dziko lapansi liyenera kumasulidwa.
Zimapezeka kuti tchire ndi zokongola komanso zobiriwira, koma osati pachimake kapena osabereka zipatso, ndiye kuti muyenera kutulutsa mphukira kuchokera kumapeto. Ndiye zipatso zidzayamba kuwonekera. Pokolola simunakhumudwitse, muyenera kupanga organic ndi mineral fetelezazomwe zimapatsa zomera mphamvu zowonjezera kukula ndi fruiting.
Sakani "Mig"
Kumayambiriro koyambirira, amayamba kubala chipatso pa 42 - 45 masiku pambuyo pa kutuluka kwa mbande. Mitengo imakhala yochuluka, yamphamvu, yamphamvu, yolemera kwambiri. Zipatsozo zimakhala zosaoneka bwino, ndi zochepa za ma tubercles, pamapeto pake omwe ali ang'onoang'ono ma spikes.
Nkhaka ndi yaitali ndithu (12 - 20 cm), zolemetsa kwambiri, misa zimafika 200 g, zimakhala zokoma kwambiri. Zokolola ndi 3 makilogalamu 6 pa mita iliyonse. mita Pambuyo kuchotsedwa ku chitsamba, chipatso sichimawalira kwa nthawi yaitali ndipo chimakhalabe ndi mtundu wake.
Zosiyanasiyana zatsimikiziridwa zokha osati osati mwatsopano chabe, komanso kumalongeza ndi kumatula. Kutalika kwa fruiting nthawi ndi miyezi isanu ndi itatu. Panthawi imeneyi, zipatso sizimakhudzidwa ndi powdery mildew ndi bacteriosis.
Kufesa mbande ziyenera kuchitidwa pakati pa mwezi wa May, kotero kuti mbeuyi iikidwa pansi ndi kutentha kwa 17 ° C, mwinamwake sizingamere. Izi zosiyana ndi, kawirikawiri, zimakhala zovuta kwambiri kutentha ndi chinyeziChoncho ndikofunika kuti mbeu zisungidwe.
Ndikofunika kuthirira maluwa nthawi zonse kuti akhale ndi mphamvu yokwanira komanso masamba obiriwira asanabzalidwe. Kuzama kwa mbeu iyenera kukhala masentimita 3 mpaka 4. Pakubwereka ku 1 lalikulu. Mamita angabzalidwe mbande 3 - 4.
Ndikofunika kuteteza tchire mosamala kutentha ndi chilala, mwinamwake iwo amangofa basi. Kuthirira kumakhala koyenera, sikuyenera kusokonezeka. Madzi amafunika madzi otentha nthawi zonse 2 - 3 masiku malinga ndi nyengo ya kunja. Ndibwino kumangiriza mphukira ku trellis kuti ntchito yokolola ikhale yosavuta.
Ndikofunika kutsitsa tchire musanatuluke fruiting, kuti zipatso zikhale zazikulu komanso zoperewera. Ndikofunika kuti musapitirire ndi feteleza, mchere komanso organic.
Zosiyanasiyana "Zimasintha"
Zaka-nyengo zosiyanasiyana, zimapsa masiku 45 - 50. Inflorescence wa tchire ndi wamkazi. Zipatso pa zomera zipse pafupifupi nthawi imodzi. Zipatso zili ndi mawonekedwe a ellipsoid, omwe ali ndi tinthu tating'onoting'ono tating'onoting'ono tambirimbiri (13-15 cm), ndipo timapeza 90-100 g wolemera, wobiriwira.
Olima munda amayamikira izi mosiyana ndi kukoma kwa zipatso zokha, komanso zamzitini ndi kuzifota. Madontho "Cascade" sakhudzidwa ndi downy mildew ndi matenda ena amadziwika. Zokolola zazikulu, 7 - 8 makilogalamu. mita
Ngati muli ndi kutentha kwakukulu, mungathe kudumpha mbande ya mbande. Mulimonsemo, kufesa mbewu ziyenera kuchitidwa masiku 25 mpaka 30 musanabzala. Kusamalira mbande bwinobwino.
Kufika kumachitika kumayambiriro kwa mwezi wa May, pamene kutentha kwa dziko lapansi kufika pa 14-15 ° C. Kukula kwa mlingo kumakhala kozolowereka ndipo ndi mbeu zitatu mpaka 4 pazitali imodzi. mita Zimalangiziranso kuumitsa mbande musanadzale pogwiritsa ntchito kutentha kwa tsiku ndi tsiku ndikutentha. Kenaka tchire mwamsanga imayamba mizu pansi.
Kwa nkhaka, ndikofunika kwambiri kuti muzimwa madzi ndi feteleza nthawi zonse, zomwe zimathandiza kwambiri pa moyo wa zomera. Kuthirira kumakhala kobwerezabwereza komanso kochulukira, kotero kuti madzi afike pamtunda wonse wa kumera. Onetsetsani kuti muchotse namsongole, zomwe zingawononge nkhaka.
Kutsegula nthaka kuyenera kuchitidwa pofuna kuonjezera mwayi wa mpweya ku mizu ya tchire. Ndikofunika kuthirira mabedi nthawi zonse, komanso feteleza lonse - kuyamba ndi potaziyamu, phosphorous ndi nayitrogeni, kutha ndi zinthu zakuthupi. Komanso, tchire tingamangirire ku chithandizo, koma trellis iyenera kukhala yamphamvu yokwanira kulemera kwa mbeu yonse.
Kotero, posankha mitundu yoyenera ya chiwembu chanu, simungangokhalira kukolola bwino, komanso mudzakhale ndi chidziwitso cholima nkhaka. Ngakhale mutakhala ku Siberia, ngakhale komweko simungakhoze kukula maluwa okha m'nyumba mwanu, komanso nkhaka zobiriwira m'munda. Chilakolako chabwino!
