Orchid, makamaka mitundu yake ya Phalaenopsis, ndiyomera yabwino kwambiri yomwe imafuna chisamaliro komanso chisamaliro chochuluka. Oyamba maluwa nthawi zambiri amakumana ndi vuto loterekugwa ngati masamba a chomera chamalo otentha. Nthawi zambiri, vutoli litha kuthetsa mavuto posintha momwe duwa liliri. Kuti muchite izi, mungafune "mankhwala" opangira mafakitale kapena mankhwala omwe akonzedwa kunyumba.
Masamba ndiye malo otetezeka kwambiri a maluwa, makamaka mitundu ya Phalaenopsis. Mavuto ambiri ndi awa:
- Zopanda gawo kapena kwathunthu;
- Chikasu mwadzidzidzi;
Phalaenopsis imafuna chisamaliro ndi chisamaliro chapadera
- Kuyanika, kupotoza ndi mitundu ina ya zopunduka;
- Kubera.
Iliyonse ya milanduyi imafunikira munthu payekha.
Orchids nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi mavuto a masamba
Kugwa
Nthawi zina masamba a orchid amayamba kugwa mwadzidzidzi, amatha nthawi iliyonse popanda kudzipatula. Ngati maluwa atuwa masamba onse, zoyenera kuchita zimatengera boma la muzu. Ngati muzu wakhudzidwa ndi matenda oyamba ndi fungus kapena ma virus (izi zimachitika kawirikawiri ndi chinyezi chamdothi), sizokayikitsa kuti duwa lithandizidwanso. Kugwa kumayambitsidwa chifukwa chovala zovala zapamwamba. Pankhaniyi, zinthu zitha kusintha mosavuta ngati mukugwiritsa ntchito feteleza wama mineral ovuta.
Fota ndi kutembenukira chikasu
Ngati masamba a orchid amasanduka achikasu ndikufota choti achite, sikuti aliyense amadziwa. Nthawi zambiri, vutoli limachitika chifukwa chakuti chipindacho (pa khonde) chimatentha kwambiri. Chomera chimasiya kuphuka, duwa limakhala lopunduka, nthawi zina tsinde limadetsedwa. Potentha madigiri 27-28, Phalaenopsis amawononga mphamvu zake zonse kuti azitha kutenthetsa komanso kutulutsa madzimadzi amlengalenga, izi zimakhudza mkhalidwe wamasamba: amatembenuka ofiira, otembenukira bulauni kapena otembenukira chikasu. Chomera chimafa ndi njala komanso choperewera pakudya. Ikayamba kuzizira m'nyumba kapena panja, masamba amayambanso kuoneka bwino.
Maso achikasu a masamba amatha chifukwa cha kusowa kwa michere ndi umphawi wa dothi
Kuyanika
Yankho la chifukwa chake masamba amauma a orchid ndi osavuta kuyankha. Zomera zilibe chinyezi chokwanira. Potere, kuthirira kochulukirapo kudzapulumutsa zinthu. Mukathirira, musaiwale kumasula kuti madzi asamayende m'nthaka. Masamba akakhala wathanzi kachiwiri, chinyezi chomera chimatha kuchepetsedwa.
Kutsirira pafupipafupi kumathandizira kupewa kuyanika.
Ndi ena
Sikuti ndi alimi onse omwe amadziwa chifukwa chake maluwa amaula masamba kapena kukhala ofewa pakati. Komabe, vutoli ndilofala kwambiri. Nthawi zambiri, ming'alu pamapale a pepalalo, komanso kuyanika, amayamba chifukwa cha kusowa kwamadzi. Komabe, pakhoza kukhala zifukwa zina: matenda a bacteria kapena ma virus. Komanso, zowonongeka pamakina zitha kusiyidwa ndi tizirombo: nsabwe za m'masamba, zipsera, nthata za akangaude. Chifukwa cha izi, kusintha kwa masamba masamba kumasintha, amasintha ndikuchita mdima. Masamba amatha kuwola, kukhala nkhungu kapena kumata ngati moss, ndipo duwa limasiya kukula. M'mavuto akulu, mapepalawo amakutidwa ndi utoto woyera kuti ngakhale malo owonekera sawoneka, pepalalo limafanana ndi pepala loyera la opaque.
Yang'anani! Zovuta zamatenda ambiri obwera ndi mabakiteriya komanso mabakiteriya zimagona poti nthawi zoyambirira zimakhala zosaoneka. Orchid akukulirabe ndikukula, koma matendawa akuwatsitsa kale mphamvu za mbewu. Pakangotha magawo apambuyo, pamene muzu wayamba kale kukhudzidwa, masamba amasamba kufota (youma m'mphepete, opunduka). Pankhaniyi, palibe chifukwa chokonzanso duwa.
Kuzindikira zomwe zimayambitsa matenda a Phalaenopsis ndizovuta. Nthawi zambiri, vutoli limachitika chifukwa cha zifukwa zosiyanasiyana. Zodziwika bwino ndi izi:
- Chinyezi chosakwanira kuchipinda;
- Kuperewera kwa madzi ndi nthaka m'nthaka;
- Kuperewera kwa zakudya zopatsa thanzi kapena kuyambitsa;
- Kulimbana ndi tizirombo touluka ndi tiziromboti.
Matenda oyambitsidwa ndi fungus, ma virus, mabakiteriya amathanso kuchitika chifukwa chothira mbewuyo mumphika wodzadza ndi dothi lotulutsidwa mumsewu. Chifukwa chake, kuti tipewe kutulutsa kapena kusongola ma nsonga a masamba, tikulimbikitsidwa kugwiritsa ntchito dothi lapadera la mbewu zakunyumba, zogulidwa m'sitolo yapadera.
Kuyanika ndi kuwononga masamba nthawi zambiri kumayambitsidwa ndi kutentha kwa dzuwa.
Yang'anani! Phalaenopsis sakonda kuwala kwachindunji, chifukwa chake akatswiri amalimbikitsa kusunga orchid mu mthunzi pang'ono m'chilimwe, apo ayi mbewuyo ikhoza kutayika: masamba ayamba kupindika kenako youma.
Mukamasankha mavalidwe apamwamba, makonda ayenera kuperekedwa kukonzekera ndi kuchuluka kwa nayitrogeni, potaziyamu, ndi phosphorous. Ndizinthu izi zomwe ma orchid amafunikira kuti apange msipu wobiriwira, kukula koyenera kwa masamba, kukula kolimba ndi maluwa opitilira.
Zomwe zimayambitsa matenda nthawi zina zimakhala tizirombo ndi tiziromboti: tizilombo tosiyanasiyana, nthata za akangaude, nematode. Pankhaniyi, kuti ndithandizenso kuchotsera mbewuyi, iyenera kukonzedwa kuchokera ku tizilombo. Tizilombo tikasowa, masamba amasamba amakhalanso athanzi. Kuukira kwa aphid yolimba makamaka kumafooketsa mphamvu ya maluwa a orchid, mutha kulimbana nawo mnyumba mothandizidwa ndi kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa.
Nthawi zambiri, matenda amayamba chifukwa chosasamala.
Njira zodziwika kwambiri zothanirana ndi matenda a orchid ndichithandizo cha wowerengeka. Ubwino wawo waukulu ndikuti musafunikire kuwononga ndalama zambiri pogula mankhwala okwera mtengo ndikuwopseza chomera chodwala ndi "chemistry". Komabe, njira za "agogo" sizipereka zotsatira zake. Amachita pang'onopang'ono, poyerekeza ndi mankhwala opanga mafakitale. Pogwiritsa ntchito pafupipafupi, mankhwala azitsamba akhoza kukhala othandiza kwambiri. Ndikulimbikitsidwa kuti muzigwiritsa ntchito mwapadera magawo a matenda.
Zithandizo za anthu
Mutha kuyesa wowerengeka azitsamba kuti muthe kusinthanso ma orchid popanda kukula ndi masamba. Njira yosavuta ndikusintha ndikudulira mizu. Kuti muchite izi, muyenera:
- Pukutsani maluwa pang'ono mumphika wakale;
- Kuti muthse mizu ya dothi lakale, kudula malo onse omwe munawagwiridwa ndi mpeni wakuthwa;
- Kwezerani maluwawo ku chotengera chatsopano ndi dothi lokonzedwa kale ndi chosakanizira chophatikiza ndi kuphatikiza chowonjezera chachilengedwe - makala ndi makala;
- Ikani chothandizira, monga duwa lingathenso kukhazikika kwa nthawi yoyamba pambuyo paziwitsidwa.
Pambuyo pa njirayi, ntchito yayikulu ya wofesayo ndikupereka maluwa ndi kuwala kwa masana, kuteteza Phalaenopsis kuti asinthe mwadzidzidzi kutentha ndi kusanja.
Yang'anani! Zotsatira zabwino zimaperekedwa m'njira ina. Mizu ya duwa lokumbidwa limayikidwa m'chiwiya chomwe chili ndi madzi kutentha kwambiri. Pambuyo maola 12, madzi amatsanulidwa kwathunthu. Pambuyo pakutha kwa nthawi yomweyo, gawo latsopano lamadzi limatsanuliridwa mum'chombo.
Njirayi imagwira ntchito pokhapokha ngati kutentha kwa chipinda kuli kupitirira 25 digiri. Pambuyo pa miyezi 2-3, mizu yatsopano imayenera kuonekera. Komabe, izi zitha kuchitika m'miyezi isanu ndi umodzi.
Zithandizo za anthu, zomwe zimayesedwa nthawi, zimapereka zotsatira zabwino
Zamapangidwe
Ochita maluwa nthawi zambiri amaganiza za momwe angayambitsire ma orchid popanda masamba koma ndi mizu. Ngati masamba agwa amayamba chifukwa cha matenda oyamba ndi fungus. Ndi mankhwala okha omwe angathandize - fungicides opanga mafakitale. Amapha fungus mwachangu ndikuletsa kuti isakumanenso. Zotsatira zabwino zimaperekedwa ndi kukonzekera "Haupsin" ndi "Vitavax". Pokonzekera yankho, muyenera kutsatira malangizo mosamalitsa. Pazinthu zonse, zimakhala zofanana - ufa umaphatikizidwa pakati ndi madzi:
- Tenthetsani madzi pang'ono kuti mankhwalawo asungunuke mwachangu;
- Thirani madzi mu botolo la pulasitiki kuchokera pansi pamadzi amchere kapena mandimu, ndikudzaza chotengera;
- Thirani ufa womwewo kuchokera m'thumba, sansani ndikusakaniza mpaka utasungunuka kwathunthu;
- Onjezerani kuchuluka kwa madzi.
Pambuyo pake, yankho lokonzedwa kale lingagwiritsidwe ntchito pochiza mbewu kunyumba. Monga lamulo, katatu kapena katatu ndikokwanira. Komabe, ngati bowa wayambitsidwa ndipo mizu yake yowonongeka bwino, zimatenga nthawi yayitali kuti ichitike. Kenako pang'onopang'ono mizu yatsopano imawonekera m'malo mwa omwe akukhudzidwa.
Yang'anani! Osangotengera "zojambula zolemera." Tiyenera kukumbukira kuti chithandizo chilichonse chamankhwala opangidwa ndi mafakitala chimakhala chovuta kwambiri pakuwonjezera nyumba. Ngakhale vuto la masamba litatha, chitetezo cha duwa chimatha kuchepa. Kenako orchid imakhala yosatetezeka kumatenda, tizirombo ndi majeremusi.
Njira zachilengedwe
Ngati masamba onse agwa kuchokera ku maluwa okongoletsa momwe mungasungire maluwa, okonda nyumba omwe akudziwa bwino amadziwa. Phalaenopsis amayankha bwino njira zachilengedwe zotsitsimutsira. Pofuna kutsitsimutsa duwa, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito zowonjezera zachilengedwe - zolimbikitsa zakukula. Wotchuka kwambiri wa iwo ndi Fitosporin. Imabwezeretsa nyonga za mmera, imathandizira kukonzanso kwa mizu ya orchid, imathandiza duwa kuti lizolowera kutengera chilengedwe. Konzani mankhwala mosamalitsa mogwirizana ndi malangizo omwe ali phukusi. Kuphatikiza kwakukulu kwa phytosporin ndikuti mulibe mankhwala ankhanza. Mukatha kukonza, maluwawo sadzathenso.
Ngati mbewuyo idakonzedwanso, ndikofunikira kukonza chisamaliro molondola, apo ayi maluwa ofowoka sadzadwalanso. Kuti tichite izi, ndikofunikira kupewa kuthilira kwamadzi nthaka ndikuudyetsa pafupipafupi Phalaenopsis. Chofunika kwambiri ndi kuyatsa kwabwino. Popewa matenda atsopano, ndikofunikira kuyang'ana masamba a orchid pafupipafupi. Kuunika koteroko kumathandizira pang'onopang'ono kuzindikira zizindikiro zilizonse zovuta: chikaso, kusokonekera, kapena mawonekedwe a ming'alu. Musaiwale za kufalikira kwakanthaŵi. Ngati masamba omwe ali m'munsi mwa tsinde ayamba kugwa, kukhazikika kapena kuphulika, ayenera kuchitapo kanthu mwachangu, mwina maluwa atha kuuma.
Chachikulu sichobwereza zolakwika zomwe zinayambitsa matenda a chomera
Akatswiri akuti mavuto ambiri posamalira Phalaenopsis amayamba chifukwa cha microclimate yosayenera m'chipindacho. Chifukwa chake, ngati sikotheka kupanga orchid, ndibwino kusankha chisamaliro chovuta komanso chovuta kwambiri chomera. Phalaenopsis ndi mitundu ina ya "alendo" otentha amafunika kukhala osamala komanso osakhwima.
