Kuwonongeka kochedwa (kapena zovunda zofiira) ndizofala kwambiri za mbewu za masamba, kuphatikizapo mbatata. The causative wothandizira matendawa ndi bowa. M'nkhani ino mudzaphunzira zomwe zimayambitsa kuchepa kwa mbatata ndi njira zomwe zilipo mu matendawa.
Zifukwa za mochedwa choipitsa mbatata
Chifukwa chachikulu cha chitukuko chakumapeto kwa mbatata chimagwirizanitsidwa ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda otchedwa oomycetezomwe zikutanthauza kuchepetsa bowa. Matendawa amayamba mofulumira, chifukwa nthawi ya mavitamini ndi masiku 3 mpaka 15.
Zomwe zimayambitsa matendawa ndi zotsalira za mbewu za masamba ndi nthaka, zomwe kale zinayambitsidwa ndi fungal spores.
Kutentha kwakukulu kwa chitukuko cha matendawa kufika 25 ° C, ndipo chinyezi cha mlengalenga ndi 90%. 
Nthawi zambiri matendawa amafalikira pobzala masamba m'madera ambiri. Komabe, mbatata zosiyanasiyana, monga "Chikumbutso cha Zhukov", ali ndi mkulu kukana mochedwa choipitsa.
Mukudziwa? Mbatata ili ndi 80% madzi.
Zizindikiro za matenda
Main zizindikiro zoyamba Matendawa amaganiziridwa:
- mdima wakuda pa masamba;
- mawanga a bulauni pa zimayambira;
- yoyera pachimake pamsana wa pepala.
Mukawona zizindikirozi m'kupita kwa nthawi, mungakhale ndi nthawi yosunga mbatata zatsopano mothandizidwa ndi kukonzekera kwapadera kwa zovuta.
Okonzanso amalimi angakhale okondweretsedwa kuwerenga za njira zosiyanasiyana zozomera mbatata: Dutch, pansi pa udzu, kubzala m'nyengo yozizira.
Mu gawo lachiwiri la matenda, ndiko kuti, patapita masiku angapo, masamba amayamba kupota ndi kuuma, ndipo mawanga ovuta amawonekera pa tubers.
Pamapeto otsiriza, chomeracho chimafa kapena kutayika kuyankhula kwake kapena kulawa, kapena sikukhala woyenerera pa kayendetsedwe ka kayendedwe, kasamalidwe ndi kusungirako. 
Njira zowonongeka zowonongeka mochedwa
Ngakhale mutaganiza kuti munda wanu watetezedwa mokwanira, ndibwino kuti muteteze komanso muteteze mbatata ndi mbewu zina za masamba kuchokera ku zovuta.
Njira zothandizira zimagwiritsidwa ntchito mwachindunji. musanafike. Izi zikutanthauza kuti muyenera kupereka chonde chodzala ndi kusankha mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya matenda.
M'pofunikanso kuchotsa zatsalira kuchokera kumalo akale a malo otsetsereka, popeza dziko lapansi lakale ndilo gwero la matendawa. Onetsetsani kuti muthandizira zowonongeka kwa mbeu kuti musapewe mavuto ndi mizu yamtsogolo.
Ndikofunikira! Posankha malo oti mubzalidwe musankhe malo ndi otsika chinyezi.
Alimi ena amalangizidwa kuti azikolola mvula, nyengo yabwino mvula. Zipatso zomwe zimasonkhanitsidwa zimalangizidwa kuti ziyike m'malo ouma kuti zipse. 
Musati mufesa ndiwo zamasamba pafupi kwambiri. Chifukwa cha izi, matendawa amakula mofulumira kwambiri. Ndibwino kumamatirana ndi winawake kutali pakati pa mbewu za masamba. Komanso pitani pamwamba pa phiri kuti muteteze tubers.
Kuwonongeka kochedwa - kuyambitsa, osati kukhudza mbatata zokha, komanso mbewu zina: tomato, tsabola, eggplant.
Mukamera feteleza, musagwiritse ntchito molakwa kugwiritsa ntchito nayitrogeni feteleza, monga izi, ngakhale kuti zimapereka zokolola, komabe zimakula kwambiri. Mmalo mwa nayitrogeni, ndi bwino kugwiritsa ntchito potaziyamu kapena mkuwa.
Kupopera mbewu imasonyezanso njira yabwino yotetezera. Kukonzekera koteroko kwa mbatata kuchokera kumapeto kwa zovuta kumagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri, ndipo ndondomeko zotetezera zingakhale zosiyanasiyana: mungagwiritse ntchito mkaka, adyo tincture, Trichopol, ayodini, ofooka njira zamkuwa sulfate kapena tincture pa superphosphate.
Zakudya za mkaka zimapanga filimu yotetezera pamasamba, omwe amachititsa kuti matenda, mavitamini, superphosphate ndi vitriol, kuphatikizapo feteleza a potaziyamu, zisaperekedwe kokha kuteteza, komanso kudyetsa foliar.
Mbatata yogwiritsidwa ntchito popewera ndi kulamulira mochedwa choipitsa
Pali njira zambiri zothetsera vuto lochedwa kwambiri la mbatata, zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pamene bowa limakhudza kwambiri zamasamba.
Ambiri amayesetsa kudziteteza okha posankha zabwino zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mbewu zizikhala bwino. Komabe, izi sizothandiza nthawi zonse.
Pankhaniyi, choyamba muyenera kupopera nsonga ndi systemic fungicide.
Ndikofunikira! Pamene nsonga zifika kutalika kwa masentimita 30, kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa kumachitika.
Kwa kupopera mbewu gwiritsani ntchito gawo limodzi la Bordeaux madzi kapena mkuwa sulfate.
Asanayambe maluwa, mizu ya mbewu imachiritsidwa ndi Ecosil kapena Appin. Kulimbana ndi matendawa kumagwiritsa ntchito "Silika". 
Zitatha izi, patatha masabata angapo, zamasamba ziyenera kukonzedwa ndi Ephal kapena Ditementi 45. Pogonjetsedwa kwakukulu, gwiritsani ntchito "Ridomil Gold" kapena "Oxy".
Pambuyo maluwa, mbatata imachiritsidwa ndi njira "Bravo", ndipo pa siteji ya kucha kwa tubers ntchito "Chosafunika".
Ngati simukufuna kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala, ndiye kuti alimi akulangizidwa kuti agwiritse ntchito njira zamtundu. Mkaka womwe umagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ndi kuwonjezera kwa ayodini kapena 10%.
Mukudziwa? Pali malo ambiri osungiramo mazira a mbatata padziko lapansi.
Tsopano kuti mudziwe zomwe zovuta za mbatata ndizo, momwe zikuwonekera komanso mtundu wa chithandizo chimene mukufunikira kuti mupereke mizu, mutha kuyamba kukonzekera mabedi kuti mubwerere.
