Solanum kapena nightshade ndi chomera chodziwika bwino chodziwika, chodziwika ndi zipatso zake zazing'ono. Zimasinthidwa bwino kuti zikhale zovuta panyumba, kotero ngakhale wolima bwino wosadziŵa zambiri angakule. Tiyeni tione momwe tingachitire izi ndi mavuto omwe angakhalepobe.
Kufotokozera
Solanum ndiyimira banja la mbeu la banja Pasanova, shrub yosatha ya zaka zambiri, m'chilengedwe imatha kutalika kwa masentimita 30-180. Kunyumba kumakula mpaka masentimita 60
Mukudziwa? Masamba ndi masamba a Solanum ali ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, amawapopera ndi zomera zomwe zimamenyana ndi mbozi ndi mphutsi zosiyanasiyana (Makilogalamu 5-6 makilogalamu atsopano pa chidebe chimodzi cha madzi).
Zimakhala ndi nthawi yaitali, zimayambira, zimakhala ndi masamba osakanikirana, zimakhala ndi maluwa amodzi ndi awiri. Chomeracho chimakhala ndi stamens zisanu ndi pistil imodzi, yoperewera ya anthers imakula mu chubu chokhala ndi phokoso pambaliyi. Solanum imamasula kuchokera May mpaka August.Zipatso za nightshade ndi ellipsoidal zokongola kwambiri popachika mabulosi mpaka masentimita 1. Pakutha, zipatso za zobiriwira zimakhala zachikasu, lalanje ndi zofiira. Ngati mabulosi akulawa, ndiye poyamba kukoma kokoma kumamveka, kenako kumakhala kowawa. Komabe, ndibwino kuti musachite izi, chifukwa zipatso za nightshade ndizoopsa.
M'chilengedwe, Solanum imagawidwa m'madera ozizira komanso m'madera otentha. Zimakula kwambiri m'mabanki a matupi a madzi, m'nkhalango zamtchire komanso pamphepete mwa madzi.
Kusamalira Zomera
Nightshade ndi wolimba komanso wodzichepetsa, kumusamalira sikutenga nthawi yambiri komanso khama. Zokwanira kupanga zolinga zoyenera kuti zikule ndikukula, osati kuiwala za kuthirira ndi kudyetsa.
Phunzirani momwe mungasamalire mtanda, ficus-lyric, avocado, nematantus, radermahera, torenii, ktenanta, kufey, gloriosa.
Kuunikira
Solanum ndi yofunika kwambiri, koma amakonda kuwala kowala, ndipo kuwala kwa dzuwa kungakhale koopsa kwa iye. Ndibwino kuyika nightshade pafupi ndi mawindo omwe ali kumbali ndi kumadzulo. Ngati mumagwiritsa ntchito solanum kumbali yakum'mwera, masana (12:00 -17: 00) muyenera kukumbukira kuti mumthunzi pang'ono muzenera. Kumbali yakumpoto ndi bwino kuti musabzala.
Ngati n'zotheka m'chilimwe muyenera kutenga Solanum panja, osaiwala kuti muteteze dzuwa, mphepo ndi mvula. "Kusuntha" kotereku kumalimbikitsa chomera ndikupangitsa kuti chikhale chochuluka.
Zhiryanka, hatiora, saline, ciperus, stapelia, nephrolepis, coleus, sheflera, clerfendrum, abutilon, havortia, polypodium, croton, humanrium.
Kutentha
Solanum zipatso zabwino koposa kutentha pang'ono + 18 ° C. Choncho, kutentha kwa chilimwe mu chipinda chimene malowa amapezeka kumakhala 18+ + 25 ° С, ndipo m'nyengo yozizira - + 15 ... + 18 ° С. Ngati nyengo yozizira ikachoka kutchire pamtunda wotentha, izi zingayambitse masamba ndi kugwa kwa chipatso.
Nthaka
Kulima Solanum kugwiritsidwa ntchito gawo lokhala ndi mpweya wabwino. Chiyenera kukhala chimbudzi chokhala ndi chinyezi chabwino komanso chosasunthika pH pakati pa 5.5 mpaka 7.5. Nthaka yomwe ili ndi gawo limodzi la mchenga, magawo awiri a peat kapena humus ndi gawo limodzi la nthaka ya sod ndi yoyenera kwa mphukira zazing'ono.
Kuthirira
Mu nyengo yotentha (kuyambira April mpaka September) ayenera kuperekedwa kuthirira madzi tsiku ndi tsiku Solanum. Koma panthawi imodzimodziyo, dothi la pamwamba pa mphika pakati pa madzi awiriwa liyenera kukhala ndi nthawi youma pang'ono. Pakati pa chaka chonse, Nightshade amafuna kumwa madzi pang'ono, amatha pang'onopang'ono kamodzi pa sabata.
Ndibwino kuti m'nyengo yozizira chitsamba chimakhala m'chipinda chozizira komanso chowala kwambiri. Pakubwera kwa nthambi zatsopano (pozungulira February), kuchuluka kwa kuthirira kuyenera kuwonjezeka.
Ndikofunikira! Chonde dziwani kuti Solanum imafuna mpweya wabwino, koma nthawi yomweyo imakhala ndi mantha ndi zida. Choncho, kuti mutsegule chipinda, makamaka m'nyengo yozizira, muyenera kusamala kwambiri.
Chinyezi
Fruiting solanum makamaka amadalira chinyezi mu chipinda. Chinyezi chomwe chimalimbikitsidwa chiyenera kukhala 65%, ndipo masamba ayenera kupopedwa tsiku ndi tsiku. Kuti pakhale mlingo woyenera wa chinyezi, mukhoza kuika mphika wa solanum mu poto la madzi wodzazidwa ndi dothi, peat ndi miyala yowonongeka, koma pansi pa mphika sayenera kukhudza madzi.
Kupaka pamwamba
Monga pafupi ndi mbeu iliyonse, nightshade amafunika kudya kwina. Ngati sichidziwitsidwa, zidzakula pang'onopang'ono ndipo zidzakhala zowawa kwambiri. Choncho, mu nyengo yotentha, Kuyambira May, kamodzi kamodzi kapena kawiri, feteleza zamadzimadzi zimaphatikizidwa ku mphika wa solanum. Tomato ndi maluwa monga Ideal kapena Rainbow zili zoyenera pazinthu izi.
Kwa feteleza zomera mukhoza kugwiritsa ntchito zovuta feteleza "Crystal", "Mortar", "Kemira", "Master", "Tsitovit".
Kudulira
M'chaka choyamba cha kukula korona wa nightshade amapangidwa. Kuti muchite izi, m'pofunikira kudula mphukira zowonongeka panthawi, zomwe zimayamba kuchita miyezi 3-6 mutabzala. Kudula mitengo yapaderali kumaphatikizira nthambi zonse za regrown pamlingo wachiwiri. Chomeracho chimakonzedwanso pamene nthambi zowonjezera zimadzafika masentimita 10. Pa nthawi yomweyi, zimachepetsedwa kufika pamtunda pomwe pali masamba awiri.
Pambuyo pa kucha kwa zipatso zonse, pamene masamba a nightshade ayamba kutembenukira chikasu, kudulira katsopano kwa pafupifupi gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu a chomera kumapanga. Ndipo m'chakachi chitsamba chimadulidwa kuti mawonekedwe oyenera apite.
Kuwaza
Pambuyo kudulira, solanum imayikidwa mu mphika ndi chisakanizo cha gawo limodzi la mchenga, magawo awiri a peat kapena humus ndi magawo awiri a nkhuni. Pansi pa mphika ayenera kuyikidwa ngalande, kuti mizu ya nightshade isasokone.
Kuswana
Kunyumba, mitundu ya nightshade ndi cuttings ndi mbewu, ndipo imayamba kubala zipatso ali wamng'ono.
Phunzirani za ena a m'banja la nightshade, komanso nightshade wothandiza.
Cuttings
Kudula kumasankhidwa ku nthambi zosadulidwa kuposa masentimita 10 ndipo kutalika kwa gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu a utali kumamizidwa m'madzi otentha ndi Kornevin biostimulator. Pambuyo mizu imaonekera (pafupifupi masabata awiri), phesi limabzalidwa pansi. Pofuna kulimbikitsa Solanum, mukhoza kuphimba mphika ndi mtsuko waukulu wa galasi, ndikupanga zotsatira za wowonjezera kutentha.
Pamene nightshade ifika kutalika kwa masentimita 15, kuyanika kumaphatikizapo. Polimbikitsa kukula ndi nthambi ya Solanum, imadulidwa kangapo kumapeto kwa chilimwe.
Mbewu
Mbewu imabzalidwa pakati pa mwezi wa February mu nthaka yobzala tomato ndi tsabola. Nthaka iyenera kukhala ndi magawo awiri a nthaka ya sod ndi gawo limodzi la peat kapena humus. Ngati ndi kotheka, mukhoza kuwonjezera ma mineral complexes kwa iwo.
Mbewu imabzalidwa mozama pafupifupi 5 mm, zomera zimamera masabata 3-4. Kuthamanga kumapangidwa pambuyo pa maonekedwe a masamba awiri oyambirira, ndi malo a solanum m'malo omaliza kumapeto kwa April.
Ndikofunikira! Pofuna kupewa poizoni ndi poizoni solanine yomwe ili m'madera ena a nightshade, ntchito zonse zothandizira chomeracho ziyenera kuchitidwa ndi magolovesi a mphira. Musalole madzi a Solanum pa khungu, makamaka pa malo a mucous ndi maso.
Mavuto akukula
Ngakhale kukhala kosavuta kwa kusamalira mbewu, komabe Mavuto ena angayambe:
- zipatso zing'onozing'ono zimasonyeza kuti sizowonongeka bwino, mungathe kuzichita nokha pang'onopang'ono pogwiritsira ntchito burashi yofewa kuti mutulutse mungu kuchokera ku maluwa ena kupita ku mzake. Kuonjezera apo, pa misa maluwa ndikulimbikitsidwa kugwedeza nightshade mphika kamodzi pa tsiku;
- Zipatso zosakaniza ndi masamba angasonyeze kutentha kwakukulu kapena kutsika kwa chinyezi, momwemo muyenera kusuntha chomera kumalo oziziritsa ndi kusungunula mpweya;
- maonekedwe a kabulu wofiira amalankhula za mpweya wouma, kuphatikizapo kusintha microclimate, ndikofunika kuchotsa tizilombo.
Zipatso zodyedwa
Ngakhale zooneka ngati zipatso za solanum, ali owopsachifukwa ali ndi poizoni glycoalkaloid solanine ndipo amachititsa kuti munthu asamadzipweteke kwambiri. Mitengoyi imakhala yoopsa kwambiri kwa ana ndi ziweto, kotero kuti kupeza kwawo kuyenera kutetezedwa.
Komabe, zipatso zakupsa zowonongeka zakhala zikugwiritsidwa ntchito moyenera pamapiritsi am'zipatala, mwachitsanzo, pochizira pakhosi.
Mukudziwa? Dzina lachilatini lotchedwa nightshade linatchula dzina la mmodzi mwa anthu otchuka a opera "Chikondi chakumwa" ndi wolemba mabuku wa ku Italy G. Donizetti - dulcamaru yemwe ndi dokotala wodalirika.
Tizilombo
- Whitefly. Matendawa amawoneka molondola pa kubzala, komanso mu chipinda chopanda mpweya wabwino. Zimakhudza makamaka kuchokera ku masamba a nightshade. Chotsani whitefly pogwiritsira ntchito wonyezimira wonyezimira. Choyamba muyenera kuopseza tizirombo kuti atenge mpweya, ndiyeno tisonkhanitseni onse ndi choyeretsa. Kenaka, chomerachi chimachiritsidwa ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ndipo, ngati kuli koyenera, chimapita ku chipinda chozizira komanso chimbudzi.
- Nkhumba. Masamba a chomerawo amakhala a chikasu, ndipo tizirombo tating'onoting'ono tomwe timawoneka ofiira pamwamba pake. Atatha kuzindikira, chotsani masamba onse owonongeka. Kenaka musambitseni masamba onse ndi madzi sosa ndikupanga nightshade ndi tizilombo kawiri pa sabata.
- Aphid Chizindikiro chachikulu cha matenda - kufota, kupotoka ndi kuuma m'munsi mwa masamba. Kuchotsa nsabwe za m'masamba, chomeracho chiyenera kutsukidwa pansi pa madzi abwino. Mukatha kuyanika, muzichidya ndi mankhwala ophera tizilombo.
Whitefly ndi chonyamulira cha matenda a zomera ndipo ingakhudze malo ambiri a nyumba, monga geranium, basamu, orchid, begonia, fuchsia. Mungathe kuchotsa izo mothandizidwa ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda "Aktara", "Fitoverm", "Aktellik", "Konfidor", "Mospilan" ndi ena.
Solanum ndi chomera chabwino kwambiri chokhazikitsa malo onse okhala ndi ofesi. Chitsamba chodabwitsa ndi chachilendo chidzadzaza chipinda chanu ndi kuwala ndi kumverera kwatsopano. Ndipo kudziletsa ndi kubereka kwa nightshade ndizophatikizapo zomwe zikugwirizana ndi kuswana kwake.
