Maluwa a malire - ndi mitundu yanji?

Maluwa ndi imodzi mwazomera zokongola kwambiri monga momwe alimi ambiri. Ichi ndichifukwa chake amatchuka kwambiri pankhani ya mawonekedwe. Nthawi zambiri m'minda ya anthu mutha kukumana ndi maluwa, ndikuwonjezera kubzala.

Kodi maluwa amalire ndi otani?

Maluwa a malire ndi mtundu wa zitsamba zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga mawonekedwe azomera m'malo, ndicho chifukwa cha dzina lawo. Amasiyanitsidwa ndi nyengo yayitali yokongola maluwa, ndichifukwa chake adapeza cholinga chawo chokongoletsa gawo.

Maluwa a malire

Maluwa a malire - maluwa, chisamaliro ndi kulima zomwe sizovuta. Pambuyo pofikira, nthawi zambiri zimazika mizu m'malo atsopano, kwa nthawi yayitali amasangalatsa eni malowo.

Zitsamba zimadziwa bwino kutentha.

Ubwino wama maluwa a m'malire kuti agwiritsidwe ntchito pakupanga mawonekedwe

Tchire lam'mphepete mwachidwi ndiwokhazikika kapena lalitali - kutalika kwake sikupitirira 60 - 65 cm, ndichifukwa chake amatsimikiza m'mphepete m'malo ang'onoang'ono.

Ma petals okhala ndi maziko a terry, ndipo masamba amatha kukhala osiyana mitundu: kuyambira oyera mpaka achikaso. Maluwa amayenda bwino ndi mbewu zina zamitundu mitundu ndi mitundu.

Mitundu yotchuka ya maluwa a m'malire

Pa msika pali mitundu yambiri ya ma curbs apinki. Komabe, pali mitundu ina yomwe akatswiri azaulimi amakonda kwambiri.

Eleanor

Zitsamba za Pinki zamitundu yosiyanasiyana ya Eleanor ndizomera zowongoka, zomwe kutalika kwake kumafika 35 - 45 cm. Chifukwa cha kuphatikizika kwa malowedwe amalire amtunduwu, amathanso kubzala kunyumba mumphika.

Pamakhala pinki-lalanje, coral, terry. Ma inflorescence amatha kukhala ndi maluwa 15.

Eleanor ali ndi fungo labwino lowala

Maluwa oyera

Zosiyanasiyana zimatha kutalika kwambiri pazomera zam'malire - 60 - 65 cm. Shrub imakula kufalikira kwambiri.

Mitumba yoyera kapena yamkaka imapangidwa bwino ndi masamba obiriwira okhala ndi terry kumtunda. Chomera chimatha kukaniza matenda osiyanasiyana.

White Bouquet imadziwika ndi nthawi yayitali maluwa

Maidie

Madey adagulitsa wamaluwa ambiri ndi mtundu wake wowala wamagazi. Ziphuphu kumbuyo kwa hue-siliva yoyera.

Zitsamba zapinki zimakutidwa ndi masamba amtundu wakuda wobiriwira. Maluwa amapitilira mpaka nyengo yoyamba yozizira itayamba.

Clementine

Maluwa a Clementine a kuwala kwa ma apricot hue okhala ndi miyala yam'mitundu yambiri. Kutalika kwa tchire nthawi zambiri kumapitirira 50 cm.

Masamba obiriwira okongola obiriwira. Zowonjezera chidwi ziyenera kulipidwa pakupanga kuthengo, komwe kumathandizira kuti chomera chikhale pachimake.

Duwa lozungulira limakhala ndi maluwa obiriwira omwe amaphatikizidwa mu inflorescence.

Lidiya

Lidiya ali ndi mtundu wofiirira wa pinki. Kutalika kwa tchire kumatha kutalika kwambiri mpaka 60 - 65 cm kutchinga.

Maluwa amachitika mokulira komanso kwa nthawi yayitali, pafupifupi osasokoneza. Kukana kuthana ndi tizilombo komanso matenda apakatikati.

Maluwa a Lydia ophatikizidwa mu inflorescence yayikulu

Ngongole

Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya ngongole imapaka utoto wakuda. Izi zitsamba amadziwika ndi kutentha kwambiri kukana ndi kukana tizirombo ndi matenda. Zomera zimatha kutchedwa zowoneka bwino, chifukwa kutalika kwake sikupitirira 40 cm.

Pansi, masamba a rose ndi zonona

Kukula kwamalire a maluwa

Kuti mbewuyo ikondweretse wosamalira duwa ndi maluwa okongola, ndikofunikira kulipira chidwi chake kuti kubzala kwayo koyenera. Kuti muchite izi, muyenera kutsatira malamulo ena pokonzekera.

Chofala kwambiri ndikubzala mbande. Ndikwabwino kuti muzikonda kubzala zinthuzi, zomwe zimakhala ndi mizu yolimba popanda zowonongeka, ndi kuwala kwachikasu kudula ndi mphukira ziwiri zosachepera ziwiri. Chikhalidwe cha mizu sichikhudza mtundu wa mmera.

Muyenera kubzala mbewu pa nthawi kuti ikhale ndi nthawi yozika mizu ndi kulimbikitsa. Kutambalala kum'mwera kumatha kuchitika mu nthawi yophukira, ndipo kumpoto kapena pakati kutalika ndikofunikira kudikira nthawi yamasika. Izi zikuthandizira tchire kupewa kutetezedwa ndi chisanu ndikuthandizira pakukula kwa chomera.

Kusankha kwatsamba

Mwa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya maluwa a m'malire, muyenera kusankha malo omwe palibe zojambula kapena mphepo zamphamvu zomwe zingalepheretse chinyezi.

Kuphatikiza apo, tchire la rose limayenera kukhala pamalo owala bwino kuti kukongoletsa kwawo kusadwalidwe ndi kuwala kwa dzuwa. Poterepa, matayala sayenera kugwera molunjika. Pobzala, malo omwe nthumwi zina za banja la Rosaceae lidakulira kale sizinali zoyenera.

Maluwa a malire safunikira pamtunda. Zomera zoterezi, ndikokwanira kusankha osasinja, osakhala wandiweyani kapena wolemera komanso wopanda nthaka youma. Loam ndiyabwino.

Momwe angakonzekerere nthaka ndi duwa podzala

Asanadzalemo maluwa a m'malire, dothi limakumbidwa ndikulemera ndi manyowa, humus kapena chisakanizo cha peat ndi manyowa ndikuwerengedwa kwa 20 makilogalamu pa 1 mita imodzi.

Mphukira za Shrub ziyenera kudulidwa mpaka masamba 3-4. Mizu imafupikitsidwanso mpaka 25-30 masentimita. Mbewuzo zitamizidwa mu chisakanizo cha dongo, manyowa ndi madzi muyezo wa 3: 3: 10 ndi kuwonjezera kwa mizu yakukulira, ngati pangafunike.

Tikufika patali sitepe ndi sitepe

Kufotokozera kwa kayendedwe kake ndi motere:

1. Ndikofunika kukumba dzenje la miyeso kuti mizu imagona momasuka. Nthawi zambiri kuya kwa masentimita 40 ndi mainchesi 30 cm kumakhala kokwanira.
2. Chitsamba chimayikidwa mu dzenjelo kuti malo olumikizira ali pamwamba pa nthaka, ndipo khosi mizu ndi lakuya masentimita 4. Mizu yake imawongoka.
3. Duwa limakutidwa ndi dziko lapansi, ndipo limapangidwa mosamala.
4. Pambuyo kuthirira ndi kuyala wosanjikiza mulch. Ngati ndi kotheka, konzekerani pogona kuti chisawononge chisanu.

Kukhomera tchire la dzenje mu dzenje

Kusamalira mbewu

Ngakhale woyambitsa kulima amadziwa kuti kubereka maluwa kumafuna malamulo ena kuti aziwasamalira. Maluwa a m'malire amaonedwa kuti ndi opanda tchire, koma sayenera kusiyidwa popanda chidwi.

Kutsirira malamulo ndi chinyezi

Kutsirira maluwa osakhwima kumalire kuyenera kukhala kokhazikika komanso pafupipafupi, koma osati kokwanira. Nthawi yabwino yothirira ndi madzulo.

Pa ulimi wothirira, ndikofunikira kugwiritsa ntchito madzi otetezedwa ndi dzuwa. Kuphatikiza apo, madziwo amayenera kuthiridwa pansi pamizu ya chitsamba kuti asanyowetse gawo la rose, lomwe ndi loopsa kwa ilo.

Mavalidwe apamwamba ndi dothi labwino

Kwa tchire la rose, kuvala koyenera panthawi yake ndikofunikira.

Mu nthawi ya masika ndi yophukira, kompositi imayikidwa m'nthaka kuti pafupifupi 5 kg ya feteleza umayikidwa pa 1 m².

Kuphatikiza apo, masiku 20 aliwonse mungathe kudyetsa zitsamba za m'malire ndi feteleza wa mchere, kulowetsedwa kwa zitsamba kapena mullein.

Mukukula ndi kupanga

Njira yodulira ndikofunikanso posamalira rose.

Ntchito ndi maluwa iyenera kukhala chida chophera tizilombo

Mphukira zowonongeka zimadulidwa kuchokera kumtunda pakati pa masamba awiri mpaka atatu.

Kumayambiriro kwa kubzala maluwa, mapangidwe a chitsamba cholondola ayenera kuwonetsetsa. Kuti muchite izi, tsinani mphukira pambuyo masamba 4 mpaka 6, komanso kuchotsa masamba. Tchire takale, timitengo tambiri timafupikitsidwa.

Usanadye nyengo yachisanu, sinthani kutalika kwa nthambi zokulira ndikudula masamba omwe analibe nthawi yopanga ndi kuphuka.

Ndizachikhalidwe kuphatikizira kumayambiriro kwa kasupe kapena nthawi yophukira, chifukwa pamakhala mwayi kuti chomera sichikhala ndi nthawi yozika mizu. Nthawi yomweyo, ndikofunikanso kudulira mphukira mpaka masentimita 45 - 50, zitsamba zakale zimachotsedwa kwathunthu.

Zambiri nyengo yozizira maluwa

Asanakonzekere chomera nthawi yachisanu, iyenera kutayidwa kuchokera kumiyala yakale ndi masamba. Pogona amachitika pangozi ya chisanu kwambiri, kuyang'ana kukhazikika kwa mitundu inayake.

Pachiyambi, ndikofunikira kuti utuluke osaposa masentimita 15 mpaka 20. Pambuyo poti nthambi za conifers, spruce kapena pine zimayikidwa mozungulira duwa, ndipo mphukira zimakanikizidwa kumtunda wokonzeka. Kenako pobisalira amaphimbidwa ndi masamba owuma.

Pogona amayamba kuchotsedwa pa March thaw.

Maluwa maluwa

Maluwa a maluwa amalire ndi mphindi yolodzedwa yomwe ingasangalatse amene ali pamalowo. Kuti chomera chikule kwambiri munthawi zotsatirazi, chisamaliro choyenera chimafunikira nthawi ya maluwa ndi pambuyo pake, zomwe zimaphatikizapo kuthirira nthawi zonse komanso kuvala pamwamba.

Njira yabwino yothiririra ndikupanga madzi amadzimadzi okwana 5-15 madzi pansi pa chitsamba chowirikiza katatu masiku 7 aliwonse m'mawa kapena madzulo. Madzi ayenera kukhazikitsidwa, kutentha pansi pa thambo.

Kugwiritsa ntchito feteleza wovuta kumapereka zotsatira zabwino - 1 lita imodzi ya mullein pa ndowa imodzi yamadzi. Masamba oyamba amawonekera m'mawa kapena madzulo, mutha kudyetsanso. Kuti muchite izi, gwiritsani ntchito calcium calcium ndikuwerengera 1 tbsp. l pa ndowa yamadzi.

Kupereka gawo la kukula ndi maluwa a m'malire a duwa, kudulira kwake mphukira kumachitika nthawi ya nyengo. Nthambi zimadulidwa m'malo omwe ndi 5 mpaka 10 ml pamwamba pa impso wathanzi. Kudulira kwamtunduwu kumatha kuchitika nthawi yonse ya maluwa.

Zoyenera kuchita ngati mulibe pachimake, zomwe zingayambitse

Zomwe zimapangitsa kuti maluwa asamayende bwino ndizambiri. Zomwe zikuluzikulu ndi izi:

• chitsamba chabzalidwa posachedwa - mchaka choyamba chakulima, m'malire a m'mphepete simatha kukhala ndi nthawi yakucha maluwa asanachitike, omwe amadziwika kuti ndi abwinobwino;
• malo olakwika omwe adalimidwa adasankhidwa - chifukwa cha komwe adachokera, maluwa a m'malire ndi thermophilic ndipo amakonda malo otseguka popanda kukonzekera;
• Kusamalira bwino mbewuyo kumachitika - ndikudulira mopitirira muyeso, komanso kudya kosakwanira, rose siingakhalenso pachimake, chifukwa chake chisamaliro chiyenera kuyang'aniridwa chifukwa cha kuleka komwe kumachitika molingana ndi malamulo onse;
• chitsamba chabzalidwa kwa nthawi yayitali - nkhuni zakale sizichita bwino michere, zomwe zimayambitsa zovuta nthawi ya maluwa, kudulira kumayenera kuchotsa zitsamba zakale;
• pali kuyaka kwa bakiteriya komwe kumatha kuchitika nthawi yachisanu ikapanda kuchita bwino - chomera chomwe chakhudzidwa chikuyenera kuchotsedwa.

Kufalikira kwa zithetsedwe zamitundu yosiyanasiyana ya maluwa

Pofalitsa maluwa amalire, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito njira zosiyanasiyana. Omwe alimi othandiza kwambiri amawona kudula, kufalitsa pogwiritsa ntchito mbande ndi njere.

Kudula

Zidula zimayamba kuchitika itatha yoyamba kufunda frosts. Nthawi zambiri zimagwirizana ndi chiyambi cha mwezi watha yophukira.

Kudula kwa maluwa

Ndi njirayi, muyenera kusankha zitsamba zaumoyo zomwe makulidwe ake ndi pafupifupi 5 mm pomwe pali impso za 3-5. Mphukira izi zimadulidwa kuti kudula kwapamwamba kukhale mbali yoyenera, ndipo pansi ndikoterera.

Kenako, zinthu zobzala zimathandizidwa ndi wothandizila kuzika mizu. Maenje okonzedweratu okhala ndi kuya pafupifupi 30 - 35 cm amadzazidwa ndi udzu ndi kompositi. Zidula zimayikidwa mu recess pamtunda wa 45 °, ndikusiya masamba 1 mpaka 2 pamwamba pa nthaka.

Pamapeto pofalitsa, kudula kumachitika kuthirira kambiri. Kwa nthawi yozizira, tchire zamtsogolo zimakutidwa ndi zitini zokhala ndimabowo, zokutidwa ndi masamba komanso zokutira ndi zinthu zopanda nsalu.

Mbande

Kufalikira kwa maluwa ndi mbande kubwereza njira yobzala. Kuti mbewuyo isakhumudwe pakulima, ndiyenera kutola tchire ndi mizu yolimba komanso yabwino.

Komanso, chidwi chochulukirapo chimayenera kulipidwa posankha malo omwe akutsikira - iyenera kuyatsidwa bwino, koma osayatsidwa ndi kuwala kwa dzuwa, zojambula ndi mphepo zamkuntho.

Mbewu

Kuberekanso mbewu kumachitika isanachitike nyengo yoyambirira yozizira. Mbewu zitha kupezeka munjira ziwiri: mugule mu sitolo yoyenera kapena kungodzigulitsira nokha.

Pogula mbewu, pamatha zovuta zambiri zogwirizana ndi mtundu wobzala. Chifukwa chake, ambiri wamaluwa amakonda kudzipereka, komwe nthawi zambiri kumachitika kumapeto kwa chilimwe. Zipatso zimachotsedwa zisanakhwime kwathunthu, mpaka malaya ambewu akhazikika, kudula ndipo mbewu zimasiyanitsidwa ndi gawo lofewa.

Kenako, njere zimabzalidwa m'nthaka: kompositi ndi peat zimayikidwa m'mabedi, ndikupanga mizere ya 1.5 cm, zofunikira kubzala zimathandizidwa ndi chopulikira ndikufesedwa 10 cm iliyonse. Zomera ziyenera kuumbiriridwa ndikuphimbidwa ndi udzu, pepala lophimba kapena masamba. M'mwezi wa Epulo, mphukira zoyambirira ziyenera kuwoneka pochotsa pogona.

Matenda, tizirombo ndi njira zokuthana nazo

Matenda ofala kwambiri a zitsamba za m'malire amatha kutchedwa:

Powdery mildew - dzina la matendawa ndi chifukwa chofanana ndi mawanga ndi ufa

• Kuwona kwamtambo - masamba achitsamba ataphimbidwa ndi mawanga akuda ndi a bulauni, momwe kugwiritsa ntchito fungicides ndikuchotsa madera omwe ali ndi kachilombo populumutsa.
• Powdery mildew ndimatenda obisika omwe amadziwonetsera okha ngati mawonekedwe amtundu wamtundu wa powdery komanso momwe fungicides imagwiritsidwa ntchito.
• Dzimbiri - matenda omwe mawonekedwe a masamba ndi mphukira za masamba amatuluka amakhala akuda. Masamba amafooka msanga. Chomera chimathandizidwa ndi kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa ndi Topaz, Bordeaux osakaniza kapena yankho la mkuwa wamkuwa.

Ndikangokhala ndi kangaude, chomeracho chimatha

Maluwa a m'malire amatha kugwidwa ndi tizirombo zotsatirazi:

• kangaude - masamba atakhala opepuka, tizilombo timavala ukonde kuchokera pansi, ma acaricides amagwiritsidwa ntchito polimbana ndi tizilombo;
• nsabwe zobiriwira zobiriwira - tizilombo zobiriwira zomwe zimadya zipatso zamasamba ndikuzitsuka ndikofunikira kuyeretsa ndi kupopera mankhwala ophera tizilombo;
• pepala ladzuwa - tizilombo tambiri timene timadya masamba, mutha kuthana ndi Actara;
• rosette - kachilombo komwe kamadya mnofu wamasamba ndikuyika mphutsi mkati mwa mphukira;

Maluwa a malire - njira yabwino yosanja masentensi. Ndiosavuta kukula pobisika komanso mumphika. Amadziona ngati mitengo yopanda tanthauzo, yomwe imasangalatsa wamaluwa ndi kukongola kwake pakamasamba, komwe kudakondweretsa anthu ambiri.