Pilea ndi mtundu wa zomera zotentha zomwe zimakhala ndi mitundu mazana angapo. Ngakhale mawonekedwe ake okongola, osatha awa ndi a banja lodziwika bwino la nettle. Mu Chilatini, "pyleus" amatanthauza "cap cap". Chomera chidakhala ndi dzina lotere chifukwa masamba ake perianth (tsamba corolla, yophimba m'munsi mwa duwa) amafanana ndi mawonekedwe a hood kapena chipewa. Dzinalo ndi "mtengo wopendekera", popeza maluwa, atatsegulidwa, amawulutsa mtambo pang'ono.
Maonekedwe okongola komanso osiyanasiyana, komanso kukonzanso kosavuta - zonsezi zimapangitsa kuti chiwombankhanga chizikhala choyenera kwambiri wophunzitsira woyambira, komanso mitundu yambiri yosiyanasiyana imakopa osonkhetsa.
Kufotokozera
Pilea ndi chomera chamtchire, ndipo zina mwa mitundu yake ndi za zitsamba. Zonsezi zimakonda chisa cham'munsi cha nkhalango yamvula, ndipo zimakonda kukhala m'malo oterera kapena achinyezi. Pilea amakula mpaka masentimita makumi anayi. Zoyambira zake ndizabwino kwambiri, koma, ngakhale izi, ndizoyipa, ndipo maluwa ang'onoang'ono amakula mwina kapena kusonkhanitsa ambulera inflorescence. Mawonekedwe amasamba amatha kukhala osiyanasiyana, ndipo zimatengera mitundu.
Chojambula chodziwika bwino cha pylaea ndikuwombera kwa mungu wakucha nthawi yamaluwa. Ma stamens amatha kuponya zomwe zili kumtunda wamamita angapo. Mbewu zimagawidwanso chimodzimodzi.
Mitundu
Mndandanda wamitundu ya pylaea, wotchuka kwambiri pakubala kwapanja, waperekedwa patebulopo:
| Dzina, kutalika | Mapesi | Masamba | Mawonekedwe |
| Kadera, kapena Pilya Kadya, siliva, Kadya (mpaka masentimita 40) | Achichepere - owongoka, okhwima - okwawa, owutsa mudyo, opanda matumba, opanda nthambi zambiri. Kuwombera kumakhala kokhotakhota (kapena kuchulukitsa) ndi zaka, kugwada pansi. | Oval, okhala ndi chiwonetsero chazitali, kutalika masentimita 20, m'lifupi - masentimita 5. Mtundu wake ndi wobiriwira kapena wobiriwira wowala, pambali pake pali masamba awiri opepuka a siliva. | Maluwa ndi oyera. Ma inflorescences ali mu mawonekedwe a burashi. |
| Monolithic (mpaka sentimita makumi asanu) | Mphukira zokwawa. | Kuzungulira, yaying'ono, ndalama. Utoto wowala wobiriwira | Magulu akuluakulu amasanjika dothi lamtundu wa mbewa. |
| Achichepere (mpaka ma sentimita 15) | Mphukira zokhala ndi nthambi zowala, zimatha kuwuluka pansi ndikuzika mizu polumikizana. | Chaching'ono (mpaka 5 mamilimita), chozungulira kapena chowulungika, chokongoletsera, zobiriwira zowala. | Ma inflorescence ndi corymbose, omwe ali mu sinus ya tsamba. Maluwa ndi ocheperako, awiri komanso amitundu iwiri (amuna ndi akazi). Mtundu wa Variegate umakula, ndikupanga kapeti wa mbewu. |
| Manga (mpaka sentimita makumi atatu) | Yowongoka, yopingasa. | Oval, ali ndi nsonga yakuthwa, masentimita 7 kutalika. Pamwamba pakepo paliobiriwira, wobiriwira pang'ono, wokhala ndi mitsempha yofiirira. | Amagwiritsidwa ntchito kupangira mitundu ya hybrid monga zokwawa pylaea. |
| Wakulunga Mkuwa wa Bronze (mpaka sentimita makumi atatu) | Oval, masentimita asanu ndi awiri kutalika, nsonga imalongosoledwa, pamwamba pamakutidwa ndi makutu ndi ma tubercles, mitsempha ndi yobiriwira yakuda, pamwamba ndi siliva. Mtundu wina umakhala ndi masamba obiriwira, okhala ndi lingwe la siliva m'mbali mwake. | ||
| Wakukulunga, Norfolk (mpaka sentimita makumi atatu) | Pamwamba pamasamba pang'onopang'ono, ndi mulu wawung'ono wofiyira, wobiriwira, mitsempha yofiirira. | Ndi wosakanizidwa. | |
| Spruce (mpaka masentimita makumi awiri) | Chabwino nthambi. | Yakulungidwa kapena kupindika bwino, nsonga yolowera, yotsekemera kapena yokhala ndi petiole yayifupi, m'mphepete mulibe gawo. Utoto wake ndi wagolide (mkuwa) wokhala ndi mikwingulo yasiliva. | Maluwa ang'onoang'ono (mpaka 2 mm). |
| Spruce, kalasi "Mtengo wa siliva" (mpaka masentimita makumi awiri) | Oval, yokhala ndi m'mphepete mozungulira. Mtunduwo ndi wobiriwira wagolide, m'chigawo chapakati pali chingwe chagolide, m'mphepete mwake muli malo owala. Pamwamba pali velvet, muluwo ndi woyera komanso wofiyira. | Ndi wosakanizidwa. | |
| Pepermiform (mpaka sentimita makumi atatu) | Tsamba ndi lolunjika, pang'ono nthambi, ndi m'badwo limakutidwa ndi makungwa pansi. | Kuzungulira, gloss, wobiriwira wowala. Ziweto ndizitali komanso zolimba. Mbewu ikafika kukhwima, pang'onopang'ono imagwa. | Chimodzi mwazitundu zomwe zimagwirizana kwambiri ndi mpweya wozizira komanso wowuma. Maluwa ndi ofiira. |
| Zokwawa (mpaka masentimita makumi awiri ndi asanu) | Phesi lokwawa. | Kuzungulira, ndi m'mphepete mwa wavy, kutalika kwa 2 - 2,5 cm. Wobiriwira wakuda, wamkuwa, wonyezimira, wakunja kwa pepala. | Mtundu wa haibridi. |
| Kukakamizidwa, dzina lina la mtundu uwu ndi kukhumudwa (mpaka ma sentimita 15) | Zokwawa zimawombera pansi. | Masamba obiriwira ochepa kwambiri amapatsa tchire zokongola mopindika. | Kukula, tchire amapanga kapeti wobiriwira. |
| Wotsalira (mpaka sentimita makumi atatu) | Mphukira zokwawa. | Mtundu wake ndi wobiriwira wobiriwira, pamwamba pake ndi wokulirapo. Zokongoleredwa ndi chingwe chopepuka. | Maluwa ang'onoang'ono omwe amatengedwa yaying'ono inflorescence. |
| Sizaya, ndi wa ku Lebanon kapena glauka (mpaka sentimita makumi atatu) | Chomera choyala, mphukira zimakhala ndi tint yofiira. | Mtundu wobiriwira, wokhala ndi ubweya wa silvery. | Muli khoma ndi chomanga mitengo. |
| Pinocchio (mpaka masentimita makumi awiri) | Zosunthika zokwawa. | Zobiriwira, zobiriwira zowala. | Zophatikiza mitundu. |
| Chigwa cha Mwezi, kapena Chigwa cha Mwezi (masentimita makumi awiri mpaka atatu) | Zomera zokwawa. | Mtunduwu ndiwobiliwira ndi mitsempha yofiirira, pansi umakutidwa, kupindika. | Ndi wosakanizidwa. |
Mitundu yonse iyi ndi mitundu imatha kugulidwa m'misika yamaluwa. Pa tebulo pamwambapa, mutha kuwerengera mwachidule mtundu uliwonse, womwe ungakuthandizeni kusankha mitundu yoyenera. Mtengo wa pilea chitsamba chimodzi umasiyana kuchokera ku 100 mpaka 2-3 rubles.
Kusamalira Panyumba Panyengo
Kusamalira mache kunyumba ndikosavuta ndipo sikutanthauza chisamaliro chambiri. Ndikofunika kungoyang'ana momwe mawonekedwe akuwonekera pansipa ndikusungabe kutentha ndi chinyezi.
Nyengo | Kugwa / yozizira | Kasupe / chilimwe |
| Chinyezi | Panthawi yotentha, chipindacho chimayenera kukhala chofutira. Nthawi zina, chinyezi chowonjezera sichofunikira. Kuthirira sikumakhala kachilendo kuposa nthawi yotentha. | Ayenera kukhala okwera. Simungathe kupopera mbewuzo, popeza mulu pamasamba ndi wonyowa. Mutha kuyika chidebe chamadzi, chofinyira pafupi ndi chomeracho, kapena kuyika mumphika mu thirakiti ndi chidutswa chonyowa (dongo kapena mchenga), ndikuonetsetsa kuti dzenje pansi silikugwira thirakiti. Ndikofunika kuthirira madzi dothi likauma, ndibwino - nthawi zambiri pang'onopang'ono. Kuthirira mokwanira kumakhala kowopsa: ngati dothi lonyowa kwambiri, mbewuyo imatha kudwala. Ndikofunikira kuthira madzi omwe adziunjikira nthawi yayitali. |
| Kutentha | + 16-20 madigiri. Kwa kanthawi kochepa, kutentha kwapansi kumakhala kololeka (osatsika madigiri 10 Celsius). Pewani zolemba. | Pafupifupi 25 digiri. Zomera zitha kusungidwa mchipindamo ndi khonde, kusamalira kusowa kwa zojambula komanso kuwunika kwadzuwa. |
| Kuwala | Ndikofunikira kusunthira machekewo pamalo a dzuwa, kapena gwiritsani ntchito zowunikira zowonjezera. | Kuwala kuyenera kukhala kowala, koma kosiyana. Ndikwabwino kuti mbewuyo izionekera pang'ono. Dzuwa lolunjika liyenera kupewedwa - zimatha kuwotcha masamba. Njira yabwino ikakhala zenera loyang'ana kum'mawa kapena kumadzulo. |
Kubzala, kudulira, kudulira, kubereka
Pylaea amazidulira chaka chilichonse, chifukwa chikukula mosalekeza, ndipo imafunikira malo ochulukirapo. Chomera ichi chili ndi mizu yopyapyala, yokhazikika yomwe imakhala yosavuta kuwonongeka, ndipo imafalikira mokulira kuposa mwakuya. Chifukwa chake, mphikawo uyenera kukhala wosaya (masentimita asanu ndi awiri mpaka asanu ndi atatu) ndi lonse, wokhala ndi mabowo amadzaza pansi. Zinthu zilizonse ndizoyenera - zonse pulasitiki ndi ceramic.
Pakulima macheka, amatenga dothi labwino kupuma, lowala osati wandiweyani - ndikamasula kwambiri nthaka, ndibwino. Njira yosavuta kwambiri yosakira dothi lopakidwa kale. Mutha kupanga kusakaniza kunyumba ndikusakaniza kufanana kwa mchenga wowuma, peat, turf ndi humus. Musanagwiritse ntchito, osakaniza awa ayenera kuwerengedwa (mu uvuni kapena uvuni), kapena achisanu.
Pansi pa mphikawo yikani ngalande yaying'ono (makulidwe - pafupifupi 2 cm), pamwamba pake - masentimita angapo a dothi. Kenako ikani nthaka mosamala mozungulira chomera, ndikusunthira mizu pachidebe chatsopano, kuti isavulaze. Nthaka zotsalazo zimathiridwa kuzungulira mizu, ndikupanga ngakhale wosanjikiza.
Ndi zoletsedwa kubzala mbewu mozama kwambiri, kuikankhira mwamphamvu mpaka pansi, kapena kupuntha nthaka - siyenera kukhala yolimba.
Popeza chiwombankhanga chimadziwika ndi kukula mwachangu, kudulira kuyenera kuchitidwa pafupipafupi, apo ayi korona amawoneka wosawoneka bwino, ndipo masamba ayamba kupindika kuchokera ku mphukira yotambasulidwa kwotalikirapo. Kuti chomera chikhale chokongola, mutha kudina nthambi zamtundu. Ngati mungayichepetse kwambiri, padzakhala zodula - ndizosungidwa bwino ndikugwiritsira ntchito kuswana.
Pali njira ziwiri zofalitsira matabwa:
- Zodula - chifukwa cha izi, zigawo za mphukira zapamwamba zokhala ndi masamba awiri kapena atatu ndizoyenera. Kutalika kwa zidutswazo kuli pafupifupi masentimita khumi. Zitha kuikidwa mumtsuko wamadzi, zibzalidwe zidutswa zingapo mumchenga kapena m'miphika yaying'ono ndi dothi. Mbande zatsopano zimamera msanga, kenako zimatha kukhala ngati nthambi zazitali, mutatha milungu ingapo mukuzizira bwino.
- Mbeu zokulira, zomwe sizoyenera mitundu yonse. Mbewu zimagulidwa m'sitolo ndikubzala pa dothi loonda (losaposa sentimita), ndikufundidwa ndi galasi kapena wokutidwa ndi pulasitiki. Kutsirira kuyenera kukhala kwapakatikati kuti ingonyowetsa nthaka. Pakatha mwezi umodzi, njere zimaphuka, ndiye kuti zovundikazo zichotsedwa ndipo mbewu zazing'onozo nkuziika m'zotengera zina.
Chosavuta ndichakuti kufalitsa pogwiritsa ntchito njira yoyamba - pokhapokha chifukwa kudula kuchitsamba kungatengedwe ngati kudula, ndipo izi sizitengera ndalama zowonjezera.
Mavalidwe apamwamba
Kukula macheka kunyumba, muyenera kumadyetsa nthawi zonse - apo ayi imakula bwino, ndipo masamba adzikhala ochepa. M'nyengo yotentha, kuvala pamwamba kumachitika kamodzi pa sabata ndi theka, m'dzinja ndi nthawi yozizira - kamodzi pamwezi. Ndiosavuta kugwiritsa ntchito feteleza kapena mchere womwe umagulitsidwa m'misika.
Mavuto omwe angakhalepo komanso kuthana nawo
Ngakhale kuti kusamalira macheka ndikosavuta, ndikosavuta kulakwitsa zomwe zimapangitsa kuti chomera chikadwala ndikulephera. Otsatirawa ndi mndandanda wamavuto ambiri komanso njira zomwe akuyenera kuchita kuti athane ndi izi:
| Zomwe zimachitikira masamba | Chifukwa | Momwe muyenera kuchitira |
| Youma ndi kuwonongeka. | Chipindacho ndichotentha kwambiri, chozizira, kapena chowuma kwambiri. | Sungani kutentha koyenera (osati kotalika kuposa +25 ndipo osati kutsika kuposa + 10-15 degrees), madzi munthawi yake. |
| Tembenukani ndiwofinya. | Zomera zimakhala nthawi zonse zowunikira. | Mthunzi - kunyezimira mwachindunji kwa dzuwa sikofunikira, mthunzi pang'ono uzikhala wabwino. |
| Amatembenuka, amakhala ochepa, ndipo mphukira ndiwotalikirapo. | Kupanda kuwala. | Pitani kumalo ena dzuwa, kapena onjezerani kuunikira kochita kupanga (ngati njira - phytolamp). |
| Chikasu mawonekedwe owuma pamasamba. | Dzuwa. | Chotsani ku dzuwa lowongolera, pangani mthunzi wosankha (mwachitsanzo, kupachika katani). |
| Imitsani, kufota ndi kugwa panthambi. | Zokwanira chinyezi m'nthaka. | Madzi pokhapokha dothi likauma. |
| Lirani, khazikani zofewa. | Dothi louma. | Madzi nthawi zambiri, kutengera kutentha ndi chinyezi. |
| Masamba otsika amawuma, pomwe mphukira zazing'ono ndi masamba zimakula nthawi zonse. | Chizindikiro cha kukula kwa mbewu. | Chepetsa ngati pakufunika. |
Tizilombo, matenda, njira zoyendetsera
Tizilombo tina tonse tomwe timayambitsa matenda timavulaza macheka ikafooka - izi zimachitika chifukwa chosagwirizana ndi zomwe zimamangidwa. Kuti mbewuyo isadwale, muyenera kuisamalira bwino komanso kuyang'ana masamba a tiziromboti.
| Tizilombo ndi matenda | Zifukwa | Zizindikiro | Chithandizo | Njira zopewera |
| Kukundula kwa tsinde ndi mizu. | Kuchuluka chinyezi m'nthaka motsutsana ndi kutentha kochepa kwambiri, komwe kumayambitsa matenda a mizu ndi tsinde la bowa. | Chomera chobowola, masamba owala ndi masamba opindika. Pesi pafupi ndi mizu limakhala lofewa kwambiri, lotupa, ndi mizu yozungulira. | Kuika mu nthaka yatsopano ndi kufanana kwa mankhwalawa ndi Topaz. | Onaninso kutentha kwa nyengo komanso chidongosolo chokwanira chomera. |
| Spider mite. | Malo oyenera kwambiri ogonjetsedwa ndi pylaea ndi tizilombo ndi kutentha, nthaka youma komanso chinyezi chosakwanira kwa mpweya. | Masamba otuluka, owoneka mozizira ndi ong'ambika omwe amakhala ndi madontho (zofunafuna kulumidwa ndimiyeso yomwe amamwa madzi a chomera). Mkati mwa masamba ndi pazinde mumatha kuwona tsamba. | Kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala monga Fufanon, Decis kapena Actara. | Sungani kutentha koyenera komanso chinyezi. Monga njira inanso yothanirana ndi nkhusuyo, kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa ndi madzi ndi koyenera, pambuyo pake muyenera kuchotsa chinyezi kuchokera masamba ndikuwasiya. |
| Mealybug | Chomera chimafooka, chimasiya kukula, mphukira ndi masamba amakutidwa ndi chinthu chovutira. | Gwiritsani ntchito Actara. | ||
| Zopatsa | Masamba a minofu yakufa pamasamba, opota, owuma, ndi kuwonongeka kwakukuru - kuwalako komwe kumakutira masamba. Zizindikiro zonsezi zikuwonetsa kukhalapo kwa mphutsi zophuka zomwe zimapanga timadziti kuchokera ku masamba. | Kuchiza ndi Fitoverm pakumwedwa kwa 2 ml pa mamililita 200 amadzi. Pambuyo pa njirayi, kukulani ndi thumba la pulasitiki ndikuyimirira kwa maola 24. Njira ina ndikugwiritsa ntchito Actellik (1 ampoule amadzipereka mu lita imodzi yamadzi, ndipo chipindacho chimapuma - mankhwalawo ali ndi fungo linalake). | Chitani tincture wa celandine, chotsani topsoil ndikusintha kuti ikhale yatsopano, ikani misampha yogwira tizilombo. | |
| Chotchinga | Masamba owuma, opindika, opunduka, yokutidwa ndi ma tubercles a brownish-lalanje (chithunzi cha tizilombo tambiri). | Awiri (omwe ali ndi kusiyana kwa masiku asanu ndi awiri) magawo azithandizo ndi othandizira, monga Fitoverm kapena Actellik. | Pukutani masamba ndi nsalu yoviikidwa m'madzi a sopo kuti muchotse zipolopolo, patatha masiku asanu ndi limodzi mpaka asanu ndi awiri, onaninso mbewuyo. |
