M'nyumba zambiri zam'mlengalenga mungapeze mosavuta currants ndi gooseberries, koma mukukula yoshty si onse wamaluwa omwe akukhudzidwa. Nthanga iyi siidayambe kulandiridwa konsekonse, ngakhale kuti omwe adakumana nawo ayamba kale kuzindikira zoyenera za zipatso zoterozo. Yoshta imangothandiza kubwezeretsa hemoglobini mu mankhwala ochepetsa magazi m'thupi, komanso imathandizanso kuti m'mimba zizizira mofulumira, kuzizira komanso kuthamanga ndi mitsempha ya magazi (kumalimbitsa makoma awo). Ndichofunika kwambiri kudziwa momwe mungamere, kusamalira (makamaka, kuchepetsa) yoshtay kuyambira masika mpaka kuzizizira.
Mbiri ya kuswana yoshta
Mu mawonekedwe, yoshta ikufanana ndi lalikulu currant kapena jamu wakuda, zomwe zimawoneka ngati mitundu yonse. Ndipotu, kuyesera kwa kudutsa kwa zomera izi kunapitilira zaka zopitirira zana popanda zotsatira zake: tchire zinasintha, koma sizinapereke zipatso. Zinali zotheka kukwaniritsa zotsatira zabwino kokha m'ma 70s a zaka za makumi awiri, pamene wofalitsa wachi German R. Bower adatenga fruiting yoyamba.
"Dzina" lake liri ndi makalata awiri a dzina lachi German la currants ndi makalata atatu a dzina la jamu, lomwe chifukwa cha mgwirizano linapereka mawu Josta (yoshta). Pafupifupi nthawi yomweyi, wofalitsa wina wa ku Germany, H. Murawski, chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa mayesero, anapanga zitsamba zitatu zowonjezera mchere, zomwe zinatchedwa mayina a Jokhne, Moro ndi Jochemin. M'tsogolomu, ma hybrids onse anapezeka chifukwa cha kuyesera kwa obereketsa ochokera m'mayiko ena, makamaka, ndi asayansi a ku Russia. Zitsanzo zonse zatsopano zinali zosiyana ndi kukula kwa chitsamba kapena zipatso zokha, mawonekedwe a masamba, zokolola ndi kukoma.
Pakalipano, mtundu wosakanizidwa wa currants ndi gooseberries ndi chitsamba champhamvu chomwe chili ndi mphukira zopanda 1.5m mamita. Poyerekeza ndi currant yakuda, nthambi za yoshta ndizokhalitsa. Chomera ichi chimapanga chiwerengero chochepa cha mphukira, choncho safuna kudulira mwamphamvu. Komabe, kupindula kwakukulu kwa yoshta, komwe kumasiyanitsa bwino ndi currant yomweyo ndi jamu, ndiko kukana kwake ku matenda akulu a "makolo" komanso chisanu chotsutsa.
Mukudziwa? Vitamini C wokhutira mu yoshte ndi wotsika pang'ono kusiyana ndi currants, koma 2-4 kuposa kuposa jamu.
Momwe mungasankhire mbande za yoshta pakugula
Ngati mwasankha kudzala yoshta pa chiwembu chanu, ndiye chinthu choyamba chomwe mukufuna kudziwa ndizofunikira kusankha mbeu za zomera.
Apa ndikofunikira kulingalira chiwerengero cha zotsatirazi:
- Wamng'ono yemwe adagulidwa mmera, zimakhala zosavuta kumera m'malo atsopano.
- Mizu ya zomera iyenera kukhala yamphamvu ndi yathanzi, ndipo mizu yokha - yatsopano ndi yothira. Ndi mizu yowuma ndi yozizira, sapling idzayamba mizu, koma idzakula pang'onopang'ono.
- Mmera wamtengo wapamwamba, makungwa pa mphukira ndi thunthu zidzakhala zosalala ndi zotanuka, ndipo ngati zatha kale kumira, zikutanthauza kuti fanizo linalake linakumbidwa kale ndipo latha kale kuuma.
Ndikofunikira! Ngati muphwanya mbali yaying'ono ya makungwa, mukhoza kudziwa ngati sapling yamoyo yatha kale. Pansi pansi kumasonyeza kukwanira kwa njira yosankhidwa, pamene bulauni zidzasonyeza imfa yake.
Mukamagula mbeu m'dzinja, masamba omwe ali pa nthambi ayenera kuchotsedweratu popanda kuwononga masamba a axils. Kuwonjezera apo, musanatenge kugula, mizu ya yoshta iyenera kukulunga mu nsalu yonyowa ndi kuikidwa mu thumba la pulasitiki.
Kusankhidwa kwa malo ndi kukonzekera dothi kwa yoshtu
Kudyetsa kwa Yoshta (kumapeto ndi m'dzinja) kungatheke ndi cholinga chosiyana: kupeza chokolola chapamwamba kapena kukongoletsa nyumba yachisanu. Pachifukwachi, ubwino ndi kuchuluka kwa mbewu zimakhala ndi ntchito yochepa kwambiri, choncho, tchire tingabzalidwe dzuwa ndi mthunzi, kusankha malo okwera kapena otsika kwambiri omwe ali malo otsetsereka pamtunda. Ngati vuto lalikulu la kukula kwa yoshta ndikupeza zipatso zambiri zokoma ndi zokoma, ndibwino kuyang'ana mathirakiti a dzuwa ndi achonde. Kukonzekera malo osankhidwa ndi kofunikira kokha ngati namsongole akukula, ndipo dziko silidziwika ndi kubereka kwapamwamba. Zikatero, dothi limakumba ndipo lavunda feteleza limagwiritsidwa ntchito pa mlingo wa makilogalamu 15 pa 1 m².
Chomera bwino Yoshta mbande
Mukangogula mtengo wa yoshta ndikukonzekera malo, zingatheke kuti mupitirize kubzala mbewu mumtunda. Komabe, izi zisanachitike, m'pofunikanso kuyang'anitsitsa mbande zomwe zapezeka, kuchotsa nthambi zouma ndi mizu yakufa.
Monga tanena kale, yoshtu yabzalidwa m'malo osatha a kukula mu masika kapena autumn. Kuti muchite izi, choyamba muzimba dzenje lakuya 50-60 masentimita ndi kupitirira 50 cm (zina zotheka, malinga ndi kukula kwa mizu ya mbeu). Kompositi kapena humus (chidebe cha hafu), 100 g ya superphosphate ndi theka la lita imodzi ya phulusa la nkhuni amawonjezeredwa ngati feteleza. Manyowa onsewa akuphatikizidwa bwino ndi dothi lachonde, lomwe kenako limadzazidwa mu dzenje lachitatu la bukulo. Chotsatira chiyenera kukhala chonde chachonde cha nthaka popanda feteleza, chomwe chimathiridwa ndi chidebe cha madzi. Madziwo atangoyamwa, sapling imayikidwa pakati pa dzenje, mizu yake yowongoka, ndipo dzenje limaphimbidwa ndi dziko lapansi, ndikuphwanyika pang'ono. Potsirizira pake, nthaka imatsitsidwanso ndipo imayanjanitsidwa ndi peat, udzu kapena udzu (zosankha). Kutalika kwa mulch wosanjikiza ayenera kukhala pafupifupi masentimita 10.
Ndikofunikira! Kuti bwino kukula kwa mbande mwamsanga mutabzala iwo amadulidwa, kusiya awiri kapena atatu masamba pa mphukira.
Nthawi zambiri kubzala kumachitika masika, koma nthawi zina kubzala yoshta kuli kofunika kwambiri kugwa. Palibe choipa mkati mwake, ndipo ndondomeko yonse ikutsatira ndondomeko yomwe ili pamwambapa, ndi kusiyana kokha komwe maenje a mbande amasungidwa masabata awiri musanadzalemo.
Kusamalira munda wanu
Anthu okhala m'nyengo ya chilimwe amene amasankha yoshtu kubzala paokha amadziwa kale kuti ndi kosavuta kusamalira kuposa gooseberries, ndipo sizili zovuta kusamalira currants. Ntchito zazikuluzikulu zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito zimachepetsedwa kuti zimasula nthaka pafupi ndi tchire, kupalira weeding, kuthirira nthawi zonse ndi feteleza za nthaka ndi kuvomereza chitetezo cha shrub kwa tizirombo ndi matenda. Ndipotu, kusamalira kwathunthu kwa yoshta.
Kuthamanga kwa nthaka
Kusungunuka kwa nthaka kumapangitsa kuti thupi likhale losasunthika komanso labwino m'nthaka, zomwe zimakupulumutsani kufunika koti mutulutse nthaka pansi pa chitsamba. Udindo wa mulch ndi woyenera kwa kompositi yovunda kapena humus, yomwe imafuna ndowa 1-2 pa chitsamba. Komanso njira yabwino imatengedwa ngati kugwiritsa ntchito peat. Kuwonjezera apo, kugwedeza nthaka pansi pa korona wa shrub ndi kumalo a thunthu lake sikungowonjezera mphamvu yabwino ya zakudya m'nthaka, komanso kuchepetsa kutuluka kwa madzi, komanso kuteteza kukula kwa namsongole.
Mukudziwa? Yoshta akhoza kukula pamalo amodzi kwa zaka 20, nthawi yonseyo akukondweretsani ndi zokolola zambiri.
Kuthirira yoshty
Chimodzi mwa zofunika kwambiri pa kukula kwa yoshta ndi zochuluka komanso nthawi zonse kuthirira kwa shrub. Kuperewera kwa chinyezi m'nthaka kumabweretsa kuchepetsa kukula kwa chitsamba, chifukwa chake ndikofunikira kuti nthaka isunge chinyezi kuzungulira tchire, makamaka nyengo yokula. Madzi omwe amawatsuka ayenera kuthira nthaka kuti ikhale yozama kwambiri, yomwe ili 30-40 masentimita. Kugwiritsa ntchito madzi okwanira pakali pano kudzakhala 20-30 l pa 1 m² (kutanthawuza kamodzi kothirira), ndipo nthawi zambiri ulimi wothirira umadalira mvula yowonongeka, nyengo ndi nyengo / kupezeka / kutetezeka kwa mulch wosanjikiza pamwamba.
Kuwonjezera pamenepo, chinthu chofunikira pa nkhaniyi ndi nthawi yopanga madzi. Choncho, ndi bwino kumwa madzi a yoshta m'mawa kapena kutangoyamba kutuluka, kutsanulira madzi m'madzi omwe kale anali opangidwa, omwe akuyenera kukhala 10-15 masentimita (kawirikawiri amakhala pamtunda wa 30-40 masentimita kuchokera pa korona). Kuchokera kunja kwa grooves iwo amadzaza zowonjezera zowonjezereka, mamita masentimita 15. Ngati zomera zimathiriridwa pansi pa dzuwa lotentha, chinyezi chonse chidzaphulika mwamsanga.
Yoshta feteleza
Monga momwe chiwonetsero chimasonyezera, yoshta, kukula monga chinthu chokongoletsera chokonza malo, sichifunikira kudyetsa kwina, koma ngati mukufuna kupeza zokolola zabwino ndi zokoma, ndiye kuti nkhaniyi iyenera kuperekedwa moyenera. Kawirikawiri, mbewuyo imayankha bwino kwa feteleza ndipo m'zaka zingapo zoyambirira mukufunikira makilogalamu 4-5 a mankhwala omwe amapangidwa pachaka. Komanso, yoshta amafunika zakudya zina: potassium sulphate (20 g pa chaka pa 1 m²) ndi superphosphate (30-40 g pa 1 mamita). Manyowa a feteleza (mullein amatha kuchepetsedwa) ndipo superphosphate imagwiritsidwa ntchito kunthaka kumayambiriro kwa chilimwe, ndipo potaziyamu sulphate imadulidwa ku dothi m'dzinja.
Mukudziwa? Manyowa amchere amatha kusinthidwa ndi zitosi za mbalame kapena yemweyo mullein pa chiŵerengero cha 1:10 (kugwiritsidwa ntchito ku nthaka kumayambiriro kwa chilimwe) ndi theka-lita mtsuko wa mtengo phulusa m'dzinja.
Kusintha kwa Yoshta
Mofanana ndi zomera zina zambiri, yoshta amatha kupezeka ndi tizilombo zovulaza, ngakhale kuti si vuto lalikulu ngati pamene mukukula currants. Zosamba za Yoshta zimayimilidwa ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya nthata ndi nsabwe za m'masamba, komanso agulugufe ndi njenjete. Njira zothandizira kwambiri tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda "Akarin", "Agravertin", "Biotlin", "Detsis" ndi "Kleschevit". Komabe, kuti muteteze chomera chanu ku chiwopsezo cha tizirombo ndi matenda osiyanasiyana, mankhwalawa ndi zokonzekera pamwambazi sayenera kuperekedwa kokha kwa yoshta, komanso pofuna kupewa. Chifukwa chaichi, kumapeto kwa nyengo (musanayambe kuphuka pa shrub) ndi kugwa (pambuyo pa chomera chimapuma), yoshta imathandizidwa ndi gawo limodzi la Bordeaux madzi, mkuwa sulphate kapena 7% ya urea yankho. Urea ndi njira yosankhira mankhwalawa, chifukwa kuwonjezera pa chitetezo ku tizirombo ndi tizilombo, imathandizanso kudyetsa zomera ndi nitrojeni feteleza. Mulimonsemo, zingatheke kuyamba kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa pokhapokha kutentha kumunda kumafika +5 ºC.
Zithunzi zonse za kudulira Yoshta
Ngakhale kuti yoshta safuna kudulira mitengo, mumayenera kuyang'anizana ndi gawoli la kusamalira mbewu. Choncho, kumayambiriro kwa kasupe, chitsamba choyera cha shrub chimachitika, chomwe chimaphatikizapo kuchotseratu mphukira yosweka ndi matenda, komanso kuchepetsanso ziwalo zowonongeka zomwe zatha pang'ono m'nyengo yozizira. Kuonjezerapo, patatha zaka 7-8, nkofunika kufupikitsa mphukira, kusiya zigawo zokha ndi masamba 6-8 kuthengo. 
Zosamba zimachepetsedwa ndikudulira yoshty autumn. Nthawi yomwe tchire ndi mitengo ikudutsa m'nyengo yochepa, wamaluwawo amadula mphukira zowonongeka, komanso ziwalo zomwe zimakhudzidwa ndi magalasi. Komanso, nthambi zathanzi, zomwe zimadulidwa ku gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu a kutalika kwake, zikufupikitsidwa.
Kodi kufalitsa bwanji yoshtu
Mofanana ndi currants, yoshta ali ndi njira zingapo zowonjezera zomera, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti mlimi aliyense angasankhe yekha njira yabwino kwambiri. Zomwe zidzakhale (kusonkhanitsa, kugawanitsa chitsamba kapena kubzala chomera mwa kuyika) - ndiwe wokhawokha kusankha, koma mulimonsemo nkofunikira kulingalira zapadera za njira iliyonse.
Kugawa chitsamba
Njira yoperekera imeneyi imagwiritsidwa ntchito m'dzinja komanso nthawi imene chitsamba chimafunika kuikidwa. Pachifukwa ichi, kubalana ndi kubzala mbeu zimapereka zotsatirazi: pokumba chitsamba, mizu yake imatsukidwa kuti imangirire nthaka ndipo igawanike mbali ndi mpeni kapena pruner. Aliyense ayenera kukhala ndi mizu komanso mphukira zamphamvu. Kuti zikhale zaukhondo, malo ochepetsetsa amachiritsidwa ndi malasha osweka, pambuyo pake zomwe zimapezeka zimakhala m'malo omwe anakonzedwa kale. Kusankhidwa kwa malo ndi kukonzekera dothi kwa kubzala kumachitidwa molingana ndi malamulo omwe atchulidwa kale.
Cuttings
Yoshta kusonkhanitsa ku kasupe ali ndi njira ziwiri zoyenera kukhazikitsira: pogwiritsa ntchito zobiriwira za cuttings kapena pogwiritsa ntchito zida zapakati. Pachifukwa chotsatira, okhwima okhwima a zaka ziwiri kapena zinayi amasankhidwa kuti apeze katundu. Ndi bwino kuchita izi nthawi yamadzulo (kumapeto kwa theka la mwezi wa September), popeza pakadali pano, cuttings omwe anabzala rooting adzakhala ndi nthawi yokhala ndi overwinter kawirikawiri, ndipo pamapeto iwo onse kukula pamodzi. Kuchokera kwa amayi a shrub mbali ya mphukira ayenera kukhala ndi masamba 5-6 ndi kufika 20 cm m'litali.
Ndikofunikira! Mphukira yosapsa si yoyenera kwa rooting pogwiritsira ntchito mankhwala osakaniza.
Mbali zomwe zimapezeka pa yoshta zimabzalidwa mu nthaka yokhala ndi 45 º, kutalika kwa 60-70 masentimita. Monga momwe zimakhazikika, malo ozungulira mmerawo amakhala ophatikizana pang'ono, okwanira komanso ophatikizidwa ndi peat. Ponena za zobiriwira zobiriwira, pambali iyi, mmalo mwake, apical cuttings, omwe ali 10-15 masentimita yaitali, ndi oyenerera.. Ma masamba onse otsika amachotsedwa kwa iwo, ndipo apamwamba amfupikitsidwa ndi gawo lachitatu la kutalika kwake. 
Chotero cuttings akhoza kubzalidwa otseguka pansi lonse chilimwe (kuyambira June mpaka oyambirira September), koma ozizira wowonjezera kutentha ndi zothandiza. Kudula kwapadera kumapangidwa pamwamba pa impso za cuttings, kenako zigawo zochepa zimayikidwa muzu-kupanga njira ndipo zimachoka kwa maola 12. Pambuyo panthawiyi, zidutswazo zimatulutsidwa, kutsukidwa ndi madzi oyera ndikubzala mu wowonjezera kutentha pafupi ndi mtunda wa 45 º. Tsopano zimangokhala kutsanulira mbande kupyolera mu sieve yabwino ndikuphimba ndi chivindikiro choonekera. Pakati pamphepete mwa chivundikiro ndi cuttings okha, danga la osachepera 15-20 masentimita liyenera kusungidwa.
Nthawi yoyamba mutatha kukweza chivundikiro sichikhoza kukwezedwa. Mpweya watsopano ndi kutentha kwa +20 ºC ziyenera kusungidwa mu wowonjezera kutentha, koma pokhapokha phindu limeneli likafika + 25 ºC, chivindikirocho chimasulidwa kuti chikhale ndi mpweya wabwino. Ngati malangizowo onse akutsatiridwa, zidutswa za yoshta zidzakhazikika mkati mwa masabata 3-4, ndipo zidzatheka kupitilira njira zowonongeka tsiku ndi tsiku kuchotsa chivundikirocho kuchokera ku wowonjezera kutentha ndi kuonjezera nthawi ya mpweya wabwino. Mwamsanga pamene cuttings akulimbikitsidwa bwino - chivundikirocho chichotsedwa kwathunthu. Tiyenera kuzindikira kuti kupulumuka kwa masamba obiriwira kumakhala kochepa kwambiri kusiyana ndi mbali imodzi ya mphukira, choncho, kugwiritsa ntchito njira yoberekerayi ndibwino.
Kuyika
Yoshta kuberekanso kumachitika kumayambiriro kwa masika, nthaka itangoyamba kuyaka. Kuti muzindikire ndondomekoyi, muyenera kusankha bwino mphukira za pachaka kapena biennial, ziyikeni mumtunda wa masentimita 10 okonzeratu pasanafike mu nthaka yotsekedwa ndi kumanga ndi zingwe zachitsulo. Nsonga zomwe zatsala pamwamba pa nthaka zimaphatikizidwa ndipo zimadulidwa ndi nthaka yachonde. Mwamsanga pamene cuttings kuoneka akuwombera ndi kutalika kwa 10-12 masentimita, ayenera azizidwa ndi dziko lapansi mpaka theka. Pambuyo pa masabata awiri kapena atatu, dziko lapansi likubwerezedwa mofanana, ndipo kugwa (kapena bwino mmawa wotsatira), mizu yozulidwa mizu imagawanika ndikubzala pamalo osatha. Kuphatikiza pa yopingasa otvodkov, ndi kubwezeretsanso kwa yoshta kungagwiritsenso ntchito njira yowongoka.
Yoshta Kukolola
Kupsa kwathunthu kwa zipatso za yoshta kumachitika mkati mwa masabata awiri, ndipo kulemera kwake kulikonse kumasiyana ndi 3 mpaka 7 magalamu. Popeza kuti zipatsozi zimatuluka pa nthawi yosiyana, zimakhala kuti zimakhala nthawi yaitali kuthengo. 
Komabe, kukhala momwe zingathere, kukolola kumachitika kuchokera pakati mpaka kumapeto kwa July, popeza panthawi ino yoshta ikufikira kukhwima. Zipatso za shrub zimagwiritsidwa ntchito mwatsopano komanso pambuyo pa kukonza kupanikizana, zakumwa za zipatso, compotes, kupanikizana, odzola, kupanikizana, ndi zina zotero. Malinga ndi nyengo ndi nyengo yakukolola, zipatso za yoshta zingakhale zowawa-zokoma, zokoma kapena zowawa. Popeza mwasankha kudzala yoshta pa chiwembu chanu, choyamba muyenera kutsimikiza kuti ichi ndi chodabwitsa kwambiri chophatikizapo makhalidwe onse a currants ndi gooseberries.
