Lero, pafupi ndi njuchi yaikulu njuchi zimagwiritsa ntchito njuchi zobzala njuchi. Njira zoterezi zatha nthawi, zimabweretsa zovuta zambiri komanso zovuta kwa alimi. Komanso, zifukwa ndi njira zowonjezera njuchi sizinaphunzire mwatsatanetsatane ndi kufunsa mafunso ambiri kuchokera kwa akatswiri. M'nkhaniyi, tidzakambirana momveka bwino za mfundo zokhudzana ndi kukwatira ndi kubereka ana m'banja, komanso momwe kusamalidwa ndi kuswana, kuyeretsa ndi kubzala kwa dzombe kumapezeka mumng'oma.
Kulongosola kuswana
Kubalana kwa njuchi mwa njira yachirengedwe, monga mwachilengedwe kumayendedwe a chibadwa, kumachitika m'njira ziwiri: Kupyolera mukuthamanga ndi kukula kwa ana m'banja.
Kusakanikirana amatanthauza kupatulidwa kwa banja kukhala magawo awiri, komanso, nthawi zonse sizingakhale zofanana. Gawo limodzi limathawa kuchoka ku malo awo okhalamo, limatengera nawo chiberekero chakale ndi kukafuna malo atsopano komwe angakhalire ndi kubereka ana awo. Gawo lachiwiri limakhalabe mumng'oma, kumene mazira amaikidwa. Posakhalitsa, chiberekero chidzawonekera, ambiri mwa iwo adzawuluka ndi ziphuphu. Koma wina adakalibe ndipo adzabweretsa ana atsopano.
Ubale mkati mwa banja akukula mothandizidwa ndi njuchi zachinyamata. Chiberekero cha umuna chimaika mphutsi m'maselo okonzedwa ndi njuchi. Drones amakula kuchokera ku mazira osapangidwira, komanso kuchokera ku njuchi zogwirira ntchito ndi njuchi. Chiberekero chikabweretsa ana, antchito amatha kudyetsa ndi mafuta odzola, omwe amadziwika ndi mtengo wapatali wa caloric. Mu tsiku limodzi, chiberekero chimatha kuika mazira ochuluka kwambiri kuti kulemera kwawo kudzakhale kofanana ndi kulemera kwa chiberekero chomwecho, makamaka chifukwa chiyenera kudya mkaka wochuluka. 
Roy ndi zinthu zake
Roy-burs amapangidwa mwa kuphatikiza mabanja angapo kukhala amodzi. Izi zachitika, nthawi zambiri, patsiku lomaliza la mabanja pa chiphuphu chachikulu. Ndikofunika kuti musagwirizanitse mfuti musanayambe kukonzekera, popeza kuti 90% ya milandu idzayamba, ndipo njuchi zonse zikhoza kufa. Ndiye mumayenera kutaya ming'oma kuti muteteze masoka.
Pofuna kupewa chiwonongeko, banja lililonse liyenera kupopedwa ndi timbewu timadzi (njuchi zimasiyanitsa alendo ndi fungo, chifukwa zimakhala ndi ziwalo za fungo, ndipo ngati zonse zimununkhiza, ndiye kuti chidani sichidzayamba). Palinso zolemba zokhudzana ndi njuchi zomwe zimatchulidwa kuti ming'oma ikhoza kugawidwa m'magawo angapo mothandizidwa ndi pepala. Patapita nthawi, njuchi ziyamba kupanga mabowo mu pepala, pang'onopang'ono kuphatikiza ndikukhala opanda nkhanza.
Ndikofunikira! Musayang'ane ming†™ oma kuti mukhale ndi umuna wazimayi panthawi yomwe mungathe kuthawa.
Phala medoviki mawonekedwe pogwirizanitsa zipolopolo zingapo, mulu umene suposa 1.5-2 makilogalamu. Zakudya za uchi zimapezeka polemera makilogalamu 6, ndipo alimi ambiri amawatcha "olimba". Uchi woterewu ndi wamphamvu ndipo umagwira ntchito molimbika kwambiri.
Madzi oterewa amapangidwa motere: njuchi zambiri zimatsanulira mumng'oma, galasi lolekanitsa limayikidwa (kugwira nsomba ndi abambo akale), njuchi zimapulitsidwa ndi timbewu timadzi. Mbalame zikayamba kuthawa (nthawi zambiri sizinapitirire 2 kg) tsiku lomwelo, mlimi angapange uchi wolimba, omwe njuchi zimapereka ziphuphu zambiri. Kuwonjezera pamenepo, m'banja latsopano silingakhale drones, lomwe linasakaza uchi wambiri.
Pali njira yowonjezera yowonjezeramo uchi, womwe m'tsogolomu udzabweretsa uchi wambiri ndipo sudzatha kukumba. Kusokoneza koteroko kungabwerezedwe ngati muli ndi mng'oma 20 wokhala ndi mipata yambali. Pamene banja limatulutsa zowonongeka, imasamutsira kuzipinda zam'tsogolo ndipo zimatetezedwa ku malo osungidwa.
Nkhumba imabzalidwa mumsasa wotsekedwa, ndipo patapita nthawi, njuchi zouluka zimayamba kuyanjana. M'chipinda cholowera, chiberekero chimayika mazira, komabe masiku khumi ndi asanu ndi awiri asanafike chiphuphu chachikulu, zipindazo zimagwirizananso kachiwiri, kusiya chiberekero chabwino. Banja lomwe lidzatulutse lidzasonkhanitsa uchi wochuluka kwambiri ndipo simukumba.
Kuyambira kalekale, anthu azindikira kuti zothandiza njuchi - sera, mungu, mkate wa njuchi, mafuta odzola, zabrus, propolis, njoka za njuchi, homogenate, marv, podmora - ndipo zonsezi zinapezeka zothandiza.
Zowonongeka zachilengedwe
Kubeleka kwa njuchi kwa njuchi, poyerekeza ndi kupanga, kuli ndi zovuta zingapo:
- Kukonzekera kumachitika nthawi zonse monga momwe kunalinganizidwira, mosiyana ndi chirengedwe. Mfundo zowonjezereka sizimvetsetsedwe. Njuchi zikhoza kuyamba kukumba nthawi iliyonse, ndipo ngati mphindi ino ikusowa, njuchi idzawonongeka pandalama. Kuonjezerapo, njuchi zimasintha mosiyana muzaka zosiyana, zimatha kuimitsa mofulumira.
- Ndi kubereka kwachilengedwe, njira yowonjezera ikhoza kulepheretsedwa, motero, njira yosonkhanitsira uchi imachepetsedwa. Ngati njuchi zimakhala zofalitsidwa ndi njira zazing'ono, ndiye kuti zowonongeka sizichitika, ndipo tizilombo timapitirizabe kulandira ziphuphu.
- Njira zowonongeka, kutanthauza kubereka, zimachitika pokhapokha, ndipo nthawi zambiri mabanja osabereka amabereka. Ngati tigwiritsa ntchito njira zoberekeramo kubereka, ndiye kuti njuchi zomwe zimapindulitsa kwambiri zimatha kufalikira.
- Pokhala ndi zoberekera kubereka, n'zotheka kupanga magulu a mphamvu iliyonse, yomwe sivomerezeka panthawi ya chilengedwe. Kuwonjezera pamenepo, kubereka zoberekera kumachititsa kuti zikhale zotheka, pasanafike komanso pansi pa chikhalidwe, kuti abereke njuchi za mfumukazi za njuchi zatsopano.
- Njuchi za njuchi zomwe zimangotenga njuchi zokhazokha zimatha kusunga ziwerengero za kusonkhanitsa uchi kwa banja lililonse. Pamene kuswana njuchi kumakhala ndi njira zachibadwidwe, chinyengo chimenechi ndi chovuta, chifukwa nthawi iliyonse mabanja angagawani kapena kukonza zowonongeka.
- Ogwira ntchito ku malo owetera njuchi omwe amabereka njuchi mu njira zopangira zowonjezera amakhala ndi nthawi yambiri yophunzirira uchi m'madera ndi ntchito zina. Zonse chifukwa njira zoterozo zimayendetsedwa bwino. Kubereka kwachilengedwe sikungatheke, ndipo alimi ayenera kukhala maso kuti asamawonongeke.
Komabe, ziyenera kudziŵika kuti kubereka kwachibadwa sikungokhala ndi zovuta zokha. Pali zinthu zabwino zoterezi. Alimi a Krasnoyarsk Territory ndi Oryol Region nthawi zambiri amabzala njuchi bwinobwino pogwiritsa ntchito njira zachilengedwe. Malingana ndi zomwe akunena, mapulumulo amatha kumanganso maselo atsopano, ndipo mphamvu zawo zimayendetsedwa molunjika kwa uchi.Kuchokera m'mabanja omwe achoka, n'zotheka kupanga ziphuphu zolimba za uchi zomwe zimabweretsa uchi wochuluka, ndi zina zabwino. Ndipo chiwerengero cha deta ndi chiwerengero cha alimi sichidzatha konse, ndipo, mwinamwake, mosiyana, izo zidzasintha.
Njuchi zikuphwanyidwa
Pofuna kugwira njuchi njuchi amagwiritsa ntchito otchedwa "amphaka". "Amphaka" ndi misampha yapadera yomwe imayendetsa njuchi. M'misampha imeneyi mumapezeka malo okhalamo njuchi. Kenaka, pamene mlimi amapezekanso njuchi mu "amphaka" omwe adakhazikika, banja limayamba kutumizidwa ku njuchi.
Mukudziwa? Ku Kenya, mafuta amodzi omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pogwiritsira ntchito mafuta amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuwombera njuchi. Monga alimi a ku Kenya amati, njuchi zomwe zimapangidwa ndi basil nthawi zambiri zimakopeka njuchi (poyerekeza ndi njuchi zachitsulo).
Misampha yotereyi imakhala pamitengo yakale yakale kapena pamapiri a mapiri (komweko, malinga ndi chiwerengero choyambirira, dzombe lidzatumizidwa). "Amphaka" amapangidwa kuchokera ku makungwa akale a oak, linden kapena phulusa. Kawirikawiri amapanga mawonekedwe a silinda, mkati mwake ali ndi mtanda. Miphambano ndi zina zonse za msampha zimatsitsidwa ndi chisakanizo chapadera kuti akope uchi. Kusakaniza uku kumapangidwa pa maziko a phula, mafuta ndi sushi.
Momwe mungagwiritsire ntchito njuchi zowonongeka
Monga momwe chidziwitso chimasonyezera, patangotha mapeto ake, mabanja ogwirizana amayamba kuika maselo a mfumukazi, ndipo njira zowonjezera zimabwerezedwa. Koma izi sizothandiza kwa alimi, ndipo njira zoterezi ziyenera kutetezedwa.
Kuti muchite izi, gwiritsani ntchito njira iyi:
- Mbali ya kumanzere imagwidwa ndikuyikidwa mumng'oma watsopano, pafupi ndi ming'oma ya kholo la makolo.
- Roy akuyenera kupereka mafelemu awiri ndi ana otseguka, 2 uchi ndi mafelemu amber ndi uchi pang'ono (chisa chimawonjezeredwa kwambiri, chomwe chimadalira kukula kwake kwa njuchi).
- Pambuyo masiku 3-5, njuchi zayamba kugwira ntchito mwakhama, ndipo mng'oma ndi banja la amayi amatha kuchotsedwa, ndipo mng'oma ndi banja losakanizidwa akhoza kuikidwa m'malo mwake.
- Pamene kusonkhanitsa njuchi kumachitika, mumng'oma ndikofunika kusankha mafelemu omwe ali ndi njuchi ndi ana. Muyenera kusiya chimango chimodzi chokha ndi mbalame, mwana wokalamba komanso mayi wabwino kwambiri. Mafelemu onse omwe ali ndi ana aang'ono amaikidwa mu chisa cha nkhwangwa, ndipo nyumba yachiwiri imayikidwa.
- Kenaka, mafelemu atatu osankhidwa amaikidwa muchisankho chokonzekera. Pamene chiberekero chikwati ndi drone, pathupi likulumikizana ndi dzombe (chiberekero chakale chinachotsedwa).
Kulimbana ndi abambo
Matenda a abambo amayamba kupezeka patapita masiku asanu ndi atatu atatha kusintha kuchokera ku pupa kupita ku tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Poyamba, chiberekero chimapanga ndege kapena maulendo angapo omwe amadziŵira kumidzi. Ndege zoterozo zimatha mphindi zisanu kapena zisanu. Zili zofunikira kotero kuti pambuyo poyambitsa chiberekero mukhoza kupeza njira yopita kunyumba. Pa nthawi ya chikwati, sizowonjezera kuti tiyese ming'oma ya chiberekero, mwinamwake sizingabwerere.
Kuyanjana kumayamba tsiku lofunda, lopanda mphamvu. Panthawiyi, dongosolo la kubala la njuchi la mfumukazi lakhala likukonzekera kale, ndipo ali wokonzeka kuchita chikwati. Mukhoza kuphunzira za kuyamba kwa mapangidwe osiyana kuchokera ku zizindikiro za drones. Kugonana kwa chiberekero ndi drones kumachitika kutalika kwa mamita 3, koma palibe deta yeniyeni, kuyambira pano palibe wasayansi wakhoza kuyang'ana njira yoberekera chiberekero. Poyesa kusokoneza njuchi mfumukazi zimatenga gawo limodzi kuchokera pa 5 mpaka 20 drones, njira imeneyi imatchedwa "polyandry".
Ndikofunikira! Pa moto, chidziwitso cha kudzipulumutsa chimagwira njuchi, ndipo sichimachita ndi anthu, koma yesetsani kugwiritsira ntchito uchi. Ndi chifukwa chake njuchi zimatha kuyendetsedwa ndi utsi.
Ukwati umayamba m'nthawi ya maola 10 mpaka 18, umatha mphindi 20 mpaka maola angapo. Monga alimi omwe ali ndi luso komanso asayansi amati, mfumukazi imauluka ndi drones kutali ndi ming'oma yake, kumene imayesa kupeza drones ku mabanja ena. Komabe, pamtunda wotere, Mfumukazi Bee imayendayenda ndi drones ku banja lake. Paulendo wawo, amatha kuteteza chiberekero kwa mbalame zowonongeka ndi zoopsa zina. Ngati chiberekero sichipeza drones ena pafupi, chikhoza kubwerera kumng'oma ndipo chichepetseni njira yowonongeka mpaka ulendo wotsatira. Pakhoza kukhala zochitika zambiri zoterezi, ndipo ngati drones ochokera m'mabanja ena sapezeka, kugonana kudzachitika ndi amuna awo.Pogonana, kachilombo ka drone kamakhalabe mu chiberekero cha chiberekero. Drone yemwe anasiya chiwalo chake amakhalabe ndi moyo kwa nthawi yayitali, amatha kubereka chiberekero kumalo okhala (ngakhale, ngakhale izi sizingatheke nthawi zonse). Tsopano chiberekero chakumera, ndipo patatha masiku 3-5 chidzayamba kuika mazira.
Ma drones sakufunikiranso ndi mlimi kapena njuchi. Ngati mlimi wa njuchi asawononge, ndiye kuti banja la njuchi lidzamuchitira. Chilichonse mu chilengedwe chimagwirizana kwambiri: mu njuchi njuchi, aliyense amene amagwira ntchito amadya uchi, ndipo amene akukhala mosagwira ntchito sagwirizana ndi timadzi tokoma, ndipo asanafike nyengo yozizira, kapena ngakhale kale, adzathamangitsidwa. Drones akuthamangitsidwa kwa kanthaŵi kumbali ya kunja kwa mng'oma, koma kenako amafa.
Njuchi zoberekera mumng'oma
Mng†™ oma, njuchi zimabereka chiwerewere, ndipo anthu onse omwe amawonekera ndi alongo pa mzere wa amayi. Tizilombo timene timatuluka mazira a umuna timakhala abambo kapena njuchi. Drones amaonekera kuchokera mazira osapangidwira. Mzere wa abambo wa njuchi ndi wosiyana, monga zatsimikiziridwa kuti mfumukaziyi imapanga ma drones 5-10 kuchokera ku malo ena owetera njuchi panthawi yopuma. Chifukwa cha kusakanikirana koteroko, njuchi zimapeza zosiyana zamoyo.
Munthu aliyense payekha akudutsa mu magawo akulu atatu a chitukuko: dzira - larva - pupa. Ndondomeko ya chitukuko cha munthu mkati mwa dzira ndi yofanana kwa mitundu yonse ya anthu ndipo imatenga masiku atatu (pansi pa zikhalidwe zabwino, zomwe zimawonetseredwa ndi tizilombo). Kukula kwina kwa mphutsi kudzakhala kosiyana kwa azimayi, antchito ndi njuchi.
Mu nthawi yogwira ntchito ya moyo wa banja, chiberekero chimapitirizabe kuika mazira m'maselo omwe asanamveke ndi njuchi. Kupuma chiberekero kumafuna mphindi 15-25 okha. Kuchita mazira okhwima kumatha kusokonezeka panthawi yokolola uchi kwambiri kapena pakakhala kusowa kwa zakudya zamapuloteni. Pamene chiberekero chimayika mazira, operekera chakudya nthawi zonse amadyetsa ndi mafuta odzola. 
Mazira omwe amakhala ndi chiberekero amakhala otetezeka m'maselo, koma pakapita nthawi amayamba kugwada. Pambuyo masiku atatu dzira liri kale pamalo osakanikirana. Njuchi zimapezeka nthawi zonse mumng'oma, zomwe zimasamalira ana awo, popeza chiberekero sichichita izi, chifukwa chimayika mazira ndikudyetsa chakudya chambiri. Pa masiku atatu oyambirira, njuchi zimapereka chakudya cha mkaka ku maselo omwe ali ndi mazira. Mkaka uwu si chakudya chokha, komanso umatha kutsegula dzira.
Mukudziwa? Mkaka wofiira ndi chakudya chopatsa thanzi kuti masiku atatu okha thupi la munthu wolemera limakula maulendo 250!
Komanso, poyambira tsiku lachinayi, pali njira yokondweretsa kwambiri yopititsa patsogolo. Kwa masiku atatu oyambirira, mphutsi zonsezo zinali zofanana ndipo sizinali zosiyana ndizo zawo. Pa tsiku lachinayi Njuchi zimadziwitsa omwe adzadyetse: drones, njuchi zogwirira ntchito kapena abambo. Kuti antchito ndi njuchi ziwonetsedwe, chisakanizo cha njuchi ndi uchi chimaphatikizidwira maselo ndi mphutsi. Pa maselo awo omwe adzasindikizidwa pa tsiku lachisanu ndi chimodzi, njuchi zogwira ntchito zidzawonekera. Ngati maselo adasindikizidwa pa tsiku lachisanu ndi chiwiri, njuchi zinasankha kubweretsa ana aang'ono. Kusindikiza kumachitika ndi Sera ndi mungu (zotsirizirazi zapangidwa kuti zikhale bwino). 
Ngati njuchi zimasankha kuchotsa chiberekero chatsopano, ndiye kuti akusankha larva yamasiku amodzi. Izi zimachitika pamene banja limataya chiberekero chakale, kapena chiberekero chakale sichikhala chonde (ziyenera kudziwika kuti chiberekero, omwe zaka zake zoposa masiku asanu ndi awiri, zimayika mazira ambiri a drone, omwe sali othandiza banja).
Mphungu yosankhidwa imadyetsedwa mfumu yachifumu mpaka masiku asanu. Pa nthawiyi njuchi zimatulutsa selo yake mpaka kukula kwa selo la mfumukazi. Chakudya chimene amadya pa mphutsiyi chimapangitsa kusintha kwa morphogenesis. Choncho, mphutsi zomwe zimadyetsedwa ndi mafuta odzola amatha kutayika, zimakhala ndi madengu ang'onoang'ono pa miyendo yawo komanso ma proboscis aatali pa chitukuko, koma amakhala ndi ziwalo zogonana bwino.
Nthawi zina mu banja la njuchi amawonedwa chiberekero chosasintha chimasintha. Ndondomekoyi imapezeka pamene njuchi zimasintha kubereka chiberekero ndi chatsopano, kapena panthawi yoyamba ya ndondomekoyi. Pachiyambi choyamba, kulengedwa kwa maselo asanu ndi awiri mpaka asanu ndi awiri amatha kuwonetseredwa, m'chiwiri - kuyambira 10 mpaka 20. Amayi am'mndende nthawi zambiri amatengedwa patali kwambiri pakati pa chisa, popeza udani ukhoza kuyambira pakati pa chiberekero chakale ndi achinyamata. 
Ndikofunikira! Ngati chiberekero chakale chimamwalira, ndipo palibe mbozi yotchedwa uterine yomwe imalowetsa mumng'oma, ndiye kuti njuchi zina zimayamba kudya chakudya chamagetsi. Njira imeneyi imabweretsa mfundo yakuti njuchi zimatulutsa njira yobereka (momwemonso amayesa kupitiliza mpikisano wawo osati kuwononga banja). Koma njira yawo yoberekera sangathe kukula bwino, ndipo njuchi zotere sizidzabala mwana wamba. Kuonjezera apo, iwo sali ndi umuna, kotero iwo akhoza kuika mazira a drones okha. Popanda kuthandizira kwa mlimi nthawi yomweyo, banjali lidzawonongeka.
Njuchi yogwira ntchito mu selo losindikizidwa ndi masiku 12. Gawo loyambirira la nthawiyi likugwiritsidwa ntchito ndi ophunzira. Остальные три четверти происходит метаморфоз, в процессе которого личинка теряет промежуточные органы и приобретает новые, присущие взрослой особи. Трутневые личинки находятся в запечатанном состоянии на протяжении 14 дней, 10 из которых отделены на процессы метаморфоза. 
Молодая королева пчел развивается в маточнике на протяжении 8 дней. Kutatsala pang'ono kutuluka kuchokera mu selo, njuchi zimadula mbali ya sera kuchokera kumbali ya mutu. Chiberekero chonsecho chidzidzimadzika pokhapokha ngati chimatuluka mwa amayi omwe amamwa mowa.
Chomera chachikulu cha njuchi ndi uchi, koma zimakhala zosiyana malinga ndi mtunduwo - korona wakuda, cypress, hawthorn, mwina, espartsetovy, buckwheat, mandimu, mthethe, wotsekemera, mchere wa acacia, mphukira ya pine, msuzi, rapse, dzungu, mopepuka - choncho ndi wofunikira dziwani nthawi ndi ziti zomwe mungagwiritse ntchito.Njira iliyonse yomwe ikufotokozedwa pamwambapa ikukonzekera njuchi ikhoza kuchitika pokhapokha pazifukwa zina zabwino. Kusokoneza kutentha, kusowa chakudya kapena kusowa kwa njuchi anamwino mumng'oma kumabweretsa chisokonezo cha kukula kwa ana. Kuphatikizanso, vuto la morphological likhoza kuwonetsedwa pa chitukuko. Njuchi zazing'ono zomwe zatsala m'maselo zidali zofooka, zifooka ndipo sizikhoza kuluma. Iwo ali ndi mtundu wofiira wa mtundu ndi pubescence pang'ono.
Kuswana njuchi njuchi
Kuberekera njuchi kumagawo ndi kugawaniza kumachitika panthawi ya chilengedwe. Pogwiritsa ntchito njuchi, njuchi zimayesa kuwonjezera malo awo, kubwezeretsa mabanja otayika, kapena kungowonjezera chiwerengero cha mabanja omwe alipo.
Zizindikiro zoyamba zowonongeka koyamba ndi kuyambanso mapeyala ndi kuchotsa drones. Kuwunika kwa njuchi ndi njuchi sikudzakhala nthawi yoyamba yowonongeka koyamba, pamene kuchotsedwa kwa drones kudzatanthawuza mwamsanga kuchoka kwa gawo lovomerezeka la banja. Asanayambe kuphulika, njuchi zimayamba kudyetsa chiberekero, kuti zitha kuika mazira, kumene chiberekero chachinyamata chidzaonekera msanga. M'mabanja oterowo, njira yosonkhanitsira timadzi tokoma ndi mungu imaletsedwa.
Nkhumba yoyamba imasiya masamba atangoyamba kumene ndi mphutsi za chiberekero amasindikizidwa. Nthawi zina njira yosiya njuchi imatha kusokoneza mvula, mphepo yolimba kapena chimfine chozizira. Mulimonsemo, asanatuluke njokayo, namwino njuchi amayamba kudyetsa chiberekero mochepa. Pazifukwa zotero, njira zowakhalira dzira zimachepetsedwa, koma, mchiberekero, chiberekero chimakhala chochepa mu kukula ndipo zidzakhala zosavuta kuti ziwulukire ku malo atsopano okhalamo.
Kuwonjezera apo, pamene chiberekero chimachepa mazira, njuchi zambiri zimataya ntchito ndipo zimakhala kumbali ya mng'oma kapena zimakhala pa khoma lakunja. Njuchi zotero zimakhala zolimba kwambiri, achinyamata komanso thupi labwino. Iwo adzakhala "maziko" a tsogolo la banja latsopano, ndipo liwiro ndi ubwino wa ntchito yosonkhanitsira uchi ndi kumanganso nyumba zatsopano zidzadalira pa iwo.
Mukudziwa? Pofuna kupeza supuni imodzi ya uchi, pafupifupi njuchi 200 ziyenera kugwira ntchito mwakhama kwa maola 15.
Pazifukwa 90 peresenti, banja limayamba kukwera m'mawa, ndipo muyenera kuyembekezera kuchoka usanadye chakudya chamasana. Roy-pervak kawirikawiri kamabwera pambuyo pa maola 14, ngakhale izi zikhoza kudalira malo omwe alipo ndi nyengo. Kutangotsala pang'ono kutuluka, njuchi zonse zimadzaza mbuzi ndi uchi kwa 1/4 ya kulemera kwawo.
Ambiri sangawakhulupirire, koma nthawi zambiri amachoka mafunde asanayambe mvula yamkuntho. Njuchi zimamva kupanikizika kwa mlengalenga, komabe ndikuyesera kusiya nyumba yawo yakale. Ndipo pamodzi ndi iwo chiberekero, chomwe sichikutambasula mapiko ake kwa nthawi yayitali, akuyesera kuthawa. 
Nthawi zina mfumukazi njuchi imauluka mumng'oma, koma posachedwa imabwerera. Pakhoza kukhala zifukwa zambiri izi: ziwalo mu ziberekero za chiberekero chomwecho, nyengo yoipa, ndi zina zotero. Kubwerera kwa chiberekero kumatha kuchitika ngakhale pamene gulu lonse lakhala likulowetsedwa m'malo atsopano. Komabe, nthumwi yoteroyo idzabwerera pambuyo pa mimba, ndipo kuthamanga kudzayambiranso tsiku lotsatira.
Koma mpaka itayambiranso, alimi amakhoza kumva ambuye akuimba "usiku wonse. Mfumukazi yakale idzafuula ndi atsopano, ndikuyesa kuononga anyamatawo. Koma njuchi sizidzamulola kuti achite izi, ndipo tsiku lotsatira lotsatira chiwombankhanga choyamba chidzauluka, kutenga mfumukazi wakaleyo.
Nthaŵi zina kusokonezeka kungabwere, ndipo dzombe lidzatenga chiberekero. Mphungu ya Pervak, yomwe imatha kuyenda, imakhala pamtunda wautali kwambiri, ndipo njuchi zazing'ono zimayang'ana malo atsopano okhala, ndipo akangozipeza, adzachita "kuvina" zomwe zikusonyeza kuti zonsezi zimatha kuuluka.
Gawo la banja limene limakhala kumalo akale akukhala tsopano likufooka, koma liri ndi chakudya chokwanira chokwanira. Ndicho chifukwa chake amayamba kuchulukitsa ndikupanga banja latsopano, lalikulu ndi lonse. Posakhalitsa kuthamanga kudzayamba kachiwiri, ndipo tsopano dzombe lidzatha. 
Kuthamanga amatenga ndi iye wamng'ono, akadali wosadziwika ndi chiberekero chofewa. Choncho, nthunzi yotereyi imatha kuwuluka nthawi iliyonse komanso nyengo yamphepo. Kuzindikira ndi kosavuta: nthawi zambiri amakhala wokwera kwambiri kusiyana ndi dzombe. Pambuyo pa chiwombankhanga chachiwiri chikhoza kuthawa chachitatu ndi chachinayi. Izi zimachitika malinga ngati njuchi ya njuchi "sichikutha." Tiyenera kukumbukira kuti ndi njoka yamodzi yotsatira, njuchi ndi zocheperako zimauluka.
Uchi wabwino ndiwo zomera: linden, peyala, chitumbuwa, viburnum, rasipiberi, hazel, rowan, maula, currant, buluu, apulo, thyme, mbalame chitumbuwa, coltsfoot, dandelion, timbewu tonunkhira, mandimu, udzu cornflower, clover, phacelia, wamba, lungwort, tributary, hisope, catnipur feline, mbuzi yamphongo, borage, goldrod, espartset, safflower, sverbig, vatochnik, derbennik.Banja likamaliza ntchito yowonongeka, mumng'oma chiberekero chonse chimawonongeka, kupatula chimodzi. Pasanapite nthawi, iye adzakhala ndi mphamvu, wokondedwa ndi drones ndikuyamba kuika mazira - kenako banja lidzachira.
Monga momwe mukuonera, njira zowonjezereka zikukonzekera kulenga njuchi zatsopano. Ntchentche iliyonse yomwe yayenda pambuyo poti imapeza malo atsopano idzafalitsidwa ndi njira ya ana m'banja. Zotsatira zake: kuwonjezeka kwa chiwerengero cha njuchi ndi mabanja pa nyengo nthawi zisanu ndi zitatu.
Kutsiliza kwa mfumukazi njuchi
Makamaka apiaries akuluakulu, alimi amayesa kubwezeretsa mfumukazi yakaleyo ndi zatsopano zaka 1-2. Kawirikawiri, njuchi ya mfumukazi imatha zaka 8-9. Koma chiberekero, chomwe chiri chachikulu kuposa zaka ziwiri, sichimabala zipatso ndipo chimayika mazira ang'onoang'ono. Komanso, pafupifupi mazira onse ndi drone. Kawirikawiri, njuchi zomwe zimapanga "kulera" kwa azimayi aang'ono, ndiyeno amawononga wakalewo.
Koma mlimi ayenera kuyang'anira onse a njuchi kumalo ake owetera njuchi, ndipo ngati apeza kuti azimayi akale sakuyeneranso kuika mazira, ndiye kuti ayenera kuchita mwamsanga.
Ambiri samadziwa kuti mfumukazi imathamanga masiku angati. Mwachibadwa, izi zimatenga masiku 16 okha.
Ndikofunikira! Njuchi zomwe zili mu chiwombankhanga sizingatheke.
Njira yatsopano yochotsera chiberekero chatsopano ndi yotsenga: muyenera kuwononga phiko kapena mwendo wa chiberekero chakale, ndiyeno njuchi zidzaukitsa mfumukazi yatsopano, ndipo yakale idzawonongedwa yokha.
Masiku ano, pali njira zambiri zoberekeramo kubereka ana aamuna obadwa ndi azungu. Njira zoterezi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito poonetsetsa kuti zizindikiro za uterine ndi zozizira-zolimba, zopindulitsa, komanso zolimbana ndi matenda ambiri.
Kuyeretsa nsomba
Pofulumizitsa ndondomeko yothetsera njuchi, njuchi zili mmenemo zimapopedwa ndi madzi. Dothi lokhazikika limasonkhanitsidwa mwapadera roohna. Pofuna kusonkhanitsa tizilombo, timatope timayika pansi pake, ndipo njuchi zimagwedezeka mu thanki. Zonsezi sizingapambane, choncho, zina zonse zimasonkhanitsidwa ndi ladle, kapena zimangogwedezeka kudutsa nthambi zowonongeka. Njuchi zomwe sizinapite ku zowonongeka, zimazungulira pang'ono ndikusonkhanitsa kumeneko.
Nthawi zina banja la njuchi ndilovuta kusonkhanitsa. Mwachitsanzo, nthawi yomwe amakhala pamtengo wamtengo. Ndiye alimi ena amasuta utsi. Pambuyo njuchi zonse zitasonkhanitsidwa mu dzombe, zimatengedwa kupita ku malo ozizira, amdima omwe amaima asanafike pamng'oma.
Pali njira imodzi yowopsya yoyeretsa chiwombankhanga, pogwiritsa ntchito, simukusowa nthawi komanso khama. Kuti muchite izi, mutasiya chiwombankhanga, gwiritsani chiberekero chomwe chawonekera, chiyikeni mu dzombe, zomwe ziyenera kuyika pamtengo wamtali wapafupi pamtunda wa mamita 3-4. Patapita nthawi, njuchi zonse zidzasonkhana mu roevna. 
Kufika phokoso mumng'oma
Mabanja omwe ali ndi njuchi amayenera kukonza madzulo kapena usiku. Ngati nkhwangwa imayikidwa mumng'oma masana, ndiye kuti nkutheka kuti dzombe lidzachotsedwa, pang'onopang'ono kapena lonse, lidzagwirizana ndi njuchi zouluka zatsopano ndikuchoka njuchi.
Nsomba yotengedwa inayikidwa pamalo atsopano pokhapokha mukonzekera kukonzekera. Mng†™ oma umayikidwa pa malo osatha, omwe ayenera kukhala mumthunzi, chifukwa njuchi zimatha kuwuluka pamalo otentha. Pokonzekera mng'oma, chojambula ndi uchi chimayikidwa mmenemo. Kuchokera pamphepete mwa chisa, muyenera kukhazikitsa chimango chimodzi ndi uchi ndi perga, ndipo pafupi ndi pakati - imodzi kapena ziwiri mafelemu ndi rasplod. Ngati mafelemu ndi ana asanakhazikitsidwe, ndiye kuti pangakhalebe mwayi waukulu kuti tizilombo tisiye malo atsopano, chifukwa sichidzasowa kanthu.
Pofuna kuti mbozi ikhale bwino mumng'oma, muyenera kugwiritsa ntchito sitoloyo. Ngati tizilombo sitilowa mumng'oma, ndiye kuti fodya angagwiritsidwe ntchito. Pambuyo pa dzombe lonse lidzakumbidwa. Pakatenga maola 24 mutabwerera, ming†™ oma iyenera kuyesedwa kuti iwonongeke pamtunda.
Kusamalira banja lomwe limalola kuti phokoso likhalepo
Kawirikawiri, pamene nthumwi ya Pervak imachoka, palinso amayi ochepa omwe ali mzimayi m'banja. Mazira awo sanayike panthawi imodzimodzi, kotero iwo adzawonekera mosiyana. Ngati mlimi samachotsa mazira onse mumng'oma nthawi yake, banja lidzasambira mpaka kutopa. Nthawi zonse amachoka zonse zatsopano, koma zofooka, ziphuphu. Chifukwa chake, sipadzakhala njuchi zomwe zatsala m'banja, zidzakhala zofooka kwambiri.
Mukudziwa? Kuti apange 1 makilogalamu uchi, njuchi zimafunika kuzungulira maluwa okwana 8 miliyoni.
Pofuna kuteteza kufooka kwa banja, chiberekero chachotsedwa. Ngati banja linali lopindulitsa kwambiri, maselo a mfumukazi yoterewa sali kuchotsedwa. Amagwirizanitsidwa ndi mabanja atsopano, kuti abwererenso ambuye akale.
Nthawi yobereketsa
Mu lebande la Nonchernozem la Russia, ziwombankhanga zoyamba zimayambira kale pakati pa May. Ndi pamene nthawi yobereka ikuyamba. Chiberekero chimayamba kuika mazira kuti chiwonjezere banja. Nthawi yowonjezereka imatha masabata awiri mpaka asanu ndi awiri, malinga ndi nyengo, kukhala ndi banja, kupezeka kwa chiphuphu, ndi zina zotero.
Nthaŵi zina njira yowonongeka ikhoza kubwerezedwa m'dzinja, ngati mwachilengedwe padzakhala ziphuphu. Komabe, ndondomeko yotereyi imapezeka kawirikawiri, ndipo nthawi zambiri sichipezeka mumadera a Non-Chernozem.
Kumadera akummwera kwa Russia, njira zowonjezera ndi kubereka zingayambike kumayambiriro kwa mwezi wa May. Kum'mwera kwa Russia ndi Ukraine, njuchi zimapitirira pakati pa chiphuphu choyamba, komanso, kuthamanga kungathe kubwerezedwa mu kugwa.
Ku Belarus, njirazi zimayamba kumapeto kwa mwezi wa May kapena kumayambiriro kwa mwezi wa June, malingana ndi dera (makamaka kumpoto ndi malo owetera njuchi). Koma zoyamba zowonjezera kubwereza nthawi zonse sizimayenda nthawi yomweyo, chifukwa cha njira zoterezi ziyenera kuwonetsedwa, zomwe tinalankhula pamwambapa. 
M'nkhani ino tafotokoza mwatsatanetsatane momwe njuchi zimabereka mwachirengedwe. Ndipo ngakhale lero kubala kotereku sikungakhoze kuwonedwa m'mabwalo akuluakulu a njuchi, ndi chibadwa cha njuchi iliyonse ndipo chimakhala ndi tizilombo tofikira.
