ny.pastureone.com
Kulima nkhuku

Zofunikira kwa mazira a nkhuku, kuika dzira kutsatsa

Nkuku nkhuku mosakayikira ndi imodzi mwa zakudya zotchuka kwambiri. Pa nthawi yomweyi, mazira akudziwika kunja ndi osiyana. Mu bukhu ili, tidzatha kudziwa kuti chida ichi ndi cha magulu ena ndi chifukwa chake amapatsidwa magawo osiyanasiyana. Zonsezi zikugwirizana ndi National Standards of Ukraine DSTU 5028: 2008 "Mazira Odyera" kuyambira mu 2010.

Zomwe zimafunika kuti nkhuku zikhale zatsopano

Malingana ndi muyeso, malinga ndi ndondomeko yatsopano, makalasi otsatirawa amasiyanitsidwa: mazira omwe amagulitsidwa ku gawo la Ukraine: zakudya, tebulo ndi chilled. Kuwonjezera apo, gulu lapadera limaperekedwa kwa mankhwala omwe akufuna kuti atumize kunja (zowonjezera, A ndi B), koma magulu onsewa adzafotokozedwa mwatsatanetsatane. Njira zoyenera kugwiritsira ntchito mankhwalawa ku sukulu yapadera ndi nthawi yomwe idasungidwa, ndipo tsiku limene dzira linaikidwa silinaphatikizidwepo nthawiyi. Kuwonjezera pamenepo, zinthu zosungirako zimatengedwa.

Mukudziwa? Nkhuku ya nkhuku imatengedwa kuti ndi yotchuka kwambiri padziko lapansi. Zolemba zake zonse padziko lapansi sizidziwika bwino, koma ku China, kuika nkhuku kumapanga magawo pafupifupi theka la biliyoni patsikuli.

Chiŵerengero cha mazira omwe amakhalapo

Kuwonjezera pa moyo wa alumali, magawo monga malo a chipinda cha mpweya, miyeso yake pambali yaikulu ya axis, malo ndi kayendedwe ka yolk, kuchuluka kwake ndi kuwonetsetsa kwa mapuloteni kumakhudza kuunika kwa dzira. Zigawo zonsezi zatsimikiziridwa pogwiritsa ntchito chida chotchedwa ovoscope.

Kuwonjezera pamenepo, boma la chipolopolo limaganiziridwa. Chigoba cha mankhwalawa chiyenera kukhala chosasunthika, choyera. Sitiyenera kukhala zizindikiro za zinyalala, madontho osiyanasiyana. Pewani kuipitsa mwa mawonekedwe a munthu aliyense kapena mikwingwirima kuchokera pa tepi yoyendetsa ndilovomerezeka. Fungo la mankhwalawa liyenera kukhala lachibadwa, zopsereza zakunja zosalekeza (zowonongeka, musty, ndi zina zotere) sizivomerezeka.

Pezani ngati nkhuku za nkhuku zili zabwino.

Kugwiritsa ntchito:

Pamsika wa misonkho, mazira a mitundu yotere amaloledwa kugulitsidwa kuti adzigwiritsire ntchito moyenera: zakudya, tebulo ndi chilled. Tiyeni tione mwatsatanetsatane zizindikiro za mankhwala omwe amagawidwa m'kalasiyi.

Chakudya chamadzulo

Malingana ndi muyezo, gululi likuphatikizapo mazira osungidwa masiku osachepera 7 kutentha kwa 0 ° C mpaka 20 ° C. Ayenera kukhala ndi chipolopolo chopanda choipitsidwa komanso chosasokonezeka, komwe mawanga kapena mabalawo amachokera ku belt yotumizira amaloledwa, osatengera chiwerengero cha 1/32 cha chipolopolocho. Mapuloteni ayenera kukhala omveka bwino komanso owala, popanda chophatikizapo, ali ndi mawonekedwe ofiira. Phokoso la yolk pa ovoscope ndi lovuta kuwona, liri pakati, losasunthika. Chipinda cha mpweya chimakhazikika, kutalika kwake sikupitirira 4 mm.

Nthawi zina mungapeze awiri yolks mu nkhuku mazira.

Zakudya zodyetsa

Kalasiyi imaperekedwa kuzinthu zomwe masamu okhala moyo kutentha kuchokera 0 C mpaka + 20 ° C kupitirira masiku asanu ndi awiri. Chipolopolocho chiyenera kukhala chosasunthika komanso choyera, koma chimaloledwa kuti chikhale ndi malo osiyana ndipo chimawombera, malo onse omwe sali oposa 1/8 a chipolopolo pamwamba pake. Mapuloteni ndi owopsa, owonetsetsa komanso owala. Mbalameyi imakhala yosaoneka bwino pa ovoskop, ili pakati kapena imakhala yosasunthika pang'ono, kuphatikizapo, ikhoza kusunthira pang'ono panthawi ya kusinthasintha. Kupita pang'ono kwa chipinda cha mpweya kumaloledwa, kutalika kwake sikuyenera kupitirira 6 mm.

Chakudya chophimbidwa

Gulu la mankhwala otayika ndi chinthu chomwe chinasungidwa mu firiji pa kutentha kwa -2 ° C ... .0 ° C kwa masiku osapitirira 90. Chipolopolocho chiyenera kukhala chopanda kuwonongeka komanso chosadetsedwa, koma chimaloledwa kukhala ndi mawanga ndi mikwingwirima, malo onse omwe sali oposa 1/8 a chipolopolo pamwamba pake. Mapuloteni ndi owopsa, owonetsetsa komanso owala, koma thupi lake ndi lochepa kwambiri. Mphuno ya ovoscope imakhala yosaoneka bwino, iyenera kukhala pakati kapena kuthawa kwathunthu, kuyenda kwake kumaloledwa. Chipinda cham'mlengalenga chikhoza kusuntha pang'ono, ndipo kutalika kwake sikuyenera kupitirira 9 mm.

Ndikofunikira! Mazira a m'kalasiyi angagwiritsidwe ntchito pokhapokha pa mafakitale. Chodziwika kwambiri cha mankhwalawa ndi ufa wa dzira.

Kutumiza kunja

Zogulitsa zogawanika zomwe zimagulitsidwa kunja. Pali mitundu itatu ya zinthu: zowonjezera, A ndi B. Zotsatira za magulu awa ndi zosiyana ndi zomwe zimagulitsidwa ku msika wam'nyumba.

Tikukulangizani kuti muwerenge za ubwino ndi kuphika kwa tsekwe, nthiwatiwa ndi mazira.

Chakudya chowonjezera

Kalasi yowonjezerapo ikuphatikizapo mankhwala omwe asungidwa kwa masiku osaposera 9 kutentha kwa + 5 ° C .... + 15 ° C. Chigoba cha mazira otero chiyenera kukhala choyera komanso chosasunthika. Mapuloteni opanda zosalala, wandiweyani, wopepuka ndi wowonekera. Mphuno ya ovoscope ndi yosaoneka bwino, ili pakati, ndipo siyiyenera kuwonetseka kayendetsedwe kake kakuyendayenda. Chipinda cha mpweya chimakhazikika, kutalika kwake sikupitirira 4 mm.

Chakula Chakudya A

Gululi likuphatikizapo mankhwala osungidwa osapitirira masiku 28 kutentha kwa +5 ° C .... + 15 ° C. Zina zake zimagwirizana ndi mtundu wochuluka, koma kutalika kwa chipinda cha mpweya kungakhale chachikulu kwambiri - mpaka 6 mm.

Kalasi ya chakudya B

Gulu la B limapeza mankhwala ogulitsira katundu kunja komwe amasungidwa kutentha kwa 0 ° C .... + 5 ° C kwa maola osachepera 24 ndipo malinga ndi zifukwa zina sizikugwirizana ndi zofunikira za m'kalasi A. Chida ichi chingagwiritsidwe ntchito palimodzi pa mafakitale ndi pa mafakitale .

Pezani njira zomwe mungayang'anire mazira atsopano panyumba (m'madzi).

Magulu malingana ndi kulemera

Kuphatikiza pa makalasi, kugawidwa kwa mankhwala kumagulu malingana ndi kulemera kwagwiritsidwa ntchito.

Pali zotsatirazi:

  • kusankha (kapena XL kwa malonda kunja) - kulemera kwa dzira limodzi ndi magalamu 73 kapena kuposa, kulemera kwa zidutswa khumi ndilo 735 magalamu;
  • gulu lapamwamba kwambiri (L) likuchokera 63 g mpaka 72.9 g, kulemera kwa khumi ndi limodzi sikunene 640 g;
  • gulu loyambirira (M) - kuyambira 53 g mpaka 62.9 g, misa khumi ndi limodzi (5) g osachepera 540 g;
  • gulu lachiwiri (S) - kuyambira 45 g mpaka 52.9 g, misa khumi ndi awiri (460 g);
  • ochepa - kuchokera 35 g mpaka 44.9 g, kulemera kwa khumi ndi awiri osati 360 g.
Ndikofunikira! Zamagulu "ang'ono" zingakhale zogwiritsa ntchito "kantini" komanso "utakhazikika". Mazira olemera magalamu 35 osatumizidwa kukagulitsa.

Kulemba

Zamagulu omwe amaloledwa kugulitsidwa pamsika wa pakhomo amapezedwa kapena kupopedwa. Zojambula zopanda phindu zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pa izi. Polemba kalasi ya "Zakudya", kalasi ("D"), gululo, tsiku limene dzira linaikidwa (tsiku ndi mwezi kokha) zikusonyezedwa. Kwa makalasi ena, kalasi ("C") ndi gulu likuwonetsedwa. Magulu ozindikirira ndi awa:

  • "B" - kusankha;
  • "0" ndi gulu lapamwamba kwambiri;
  • "1" ndilo gulu loyamba;
  • "2" ndilo gawo lachiwiri;
  • "M" - aang'ono.
Kuwonjezera apo, zambiri zowonjezereka zimaloledwa, monga chithunzi cha chizindikiro kapena dzina la kampaniyo. Polemba zida zogulitsa kunja, kalasi ("yowonjezera" kapena "A"), gulu ("XL", "L", "M" kapena "S"), code ya wopanga, tsiku lowonongeka (tsiku ndi mwezi) likugwiritsidwa ntchito. Kalasi B imayikidwa ndi bwalo ndi kalata "B" mkati.
Mukudziwa? Anthu a ku China adaphunzira mazira oyambitsa nkhuku. Chipolopolo cha fake ndi chopangidwa ndi calcium carbonate, zomwe zili ndi gelatin, dyes ndi zowonjezera zakudya. Kunja, ndizosatheka kusiyanitsa chinthu choyambirira kuchokera ku choyambiriracho, koma kukoma kwake kumakhala kosiyana kwambiri ndi choyambirira.

Makhalidwe a mazira omwe angagwiritsidwe ntchito pa mafakitale opangira chakudya

Pokhapokha pa mafakitale osungirako mafakitale, amalola zinthu zomwe zimagwirizana ndi izi:

  • kuipitsidwa kwa chipolopolo chawo kupitirira chikhalidwe chovomerezeka ku magulu osiyanasiyana;
  • wolemera makilogalamu 35;
  • chipolopolocho chimawonongeka ndi makina (kuvulaza pambali pake, kuwona);
  • pali phokoso la puloteni, pokhapokha kuti yolk imakhala yosakwanira ndipo mankhwalawo sasungidwa osaposa tsiku limodzi kutentha kwa + 8 ° C + 10 ° C;
  • ndi zofooka za chipolopolo, monga kukula, makwinya, ndi zina;
  • ndi chipinda chosungira mpweya;
  • ndi mawanga ang'onoting'ono ndi malo oposa a 1/8 a chipolopolo;
  • ndi yolk prischshim ku chipolopolo (otchedwa "prushushka");
  • ndi kusakaniza pang'ono mapuloteni ndi yolk ("kutsanulira");
  • ndi fungo lakunja lomwe limatuluka mwamsanga ("zapashistostost", lomwe linapangidwa nthawi yosungirako zinthu ndi zinthu zina zomwe zimakhala ndi fungo lamphamvu).

Ndi mazira ati omwe amaletsedwa kugwiritsira ntchito zosowa za zakudya ndipo ayenera kuonedwa kuti ndizokwatirana

Ndiletsedwa kugwiritsira ntchito malonda ogulitsa chakudya omwe amaonedwa kuti ndi osowa bwino ndi kugwa pansi pa makhalidwe awa:

  • ali ndi shelf moyo woposa malamulo omwe apangidwira magulu onse;
  • "zowola" - zomwe zilipo zimakhala ndi mtundu wobiriwira ndi fungo losasangalatsa kwambiri;
  • "Krasyuk" - kusakaniza kwathunthu koyera ndi yolk chifukwa cha kuwonongeka kwa chipolopolo;
  • Zowonongeka pamapiko a chipolopolo ndi m'chipinda cham'mlengalenga;
  • "mphete ya magazi" - mitsempha ya mitsempha kapena zofanana zofanana mu yolk kapena mapuloteni;
  • "Malo aakulu" - malo alionse mkati mwa chipolopolocho ndi malo oposa 1/8 a chipolopolo pamwamba;
  • "mphamvu" - fungo la nkhungu;
  • "Dzira la Mirage" - zizindikiro zosapangidwira zochokera ku chofungatira;
  • "chikho" chopangidwa ndi nkhungu kapena bakiteriya - mankhwala omwe ali ndi matope komanso fungo losasangalatsa chifukwa cha ululu ndi mabakiteriya.
Monga momwe mukuonera, zofuna za mazira a nkhuku zimayikidwa mwatsatanetsatane mwatsatanetsatane. Kumvetsetsa kulembedwa kwa mankhwalawa ndi kophweka, kotero mukaugula, muyenera kumvetsera mwatsatanetsatane - izi zidzakuthandizani kusankha mankhwala abwino omwe ali oyenerera pazochitika zinazake.

Nkhani Yosangalatsa