Sikuti aliyense wokhala m'chilimwe ali ndi mwayi wokhala ndi nyumba yawo pafupi ndi posungira, pomwe mukatha kugwira ntchito zolimbitsa thupi mutha kupumula ndikukhala ndi madzi abwino. Enawo amayenera kulowa mgalimoto ndi kukafunafuna mtsinje wapafupi, kapena kupanga dziwe ndi manja anu kudzikolo. Nthawi zambiri amasankha njira yachiwiri, chifukwa kupumula, dziwe limapindulitsanso:
- madzi otentha, okhazikika, omwe amatha kuthiriridwa ndi mabedi amaluwa ndi dimba (ngati simunawonjezere mankhwala ophera majeremusi m'dziwe!);
- kuthekera kosintha ana omwe amakonda mapiritsi, mafoni ndi ma laputopu kupita ku tchuthi chopatsa thanzi;
- kusintha kwa thupi, ndi zina.
Ndipokhapokha ngati mungasankhe pamitundu ina m'malo amadziwe omwe ndi oyenererana ndi banja komanso malo a malowa.
Kusankha malo oti mupange dziwe
Kuti muchepetse kukonza dziwe lomwe lakonzedwa, pokonzekera, lingalirani mfundo izi:
- Ndikwabwino ngati pali dothi lamadzi padziwe la dziwe. Amachita izi pakasokonekera koteteza madzi kuti magazi asadutse kwambiri.
- Pezani malo ndi dothi lotsetsereka lachilengedwe. Chifukwa chake mumakhala kosavuta kwa inu kukumba dzenje ndipo nthawi yomweyo mumasankha malo oti muyikemo densi.
- Mitengo italiitali siyenera kukula pafupi ndi dziwe lamtsogolo, chifukwa mizu yawo, popeza imayandikira kuyandikira kwa chinyezi, idzafika pazitseko zake ndipo imatha kuwononga madzi. Omwe "amwano" kwambiri ndi popula, mgoza, msondodzi. Ngati mitengo yakula kale pamalopo, muyenera kugawana nawo pasadakhale. Ndiotsika mtengo kuposa kukonza dziwe lowonongeka.
- Mitengo yotsika ndiyosafunikanso, chifukwa nthawi zonse muyenera kuchotsa masamba kuchokera m'mbale, ndipo nthawi yamaluwa, madzi amakhala achikasu kuchokera ku mungu.
- Yang'anirani mbali yomwe mnyumba mwanu mumakhala mphepo yomwe imawomba kawirikawiri, ndipo yesani kuyika dziwe kuti mlengalenga mugeze. Kenako zinyalala zonse ndi zinyalala zidzakhomereredwa kukhoma limodzi, m'mphepete mwake komwe kumalimbikitsidwa kuyika dongosolo la kukhetsa.
- Yesani kuyika dziwe pafupi ndi madzi, kuti asavute kukhuta.
Kuwerengera koyambirira - sizing
M'lifupi ndi kutalika kwake kumatsimikizika potengera dziwe. Ngati yapangidwira kusambira, sankhani mawonekedwe amakona, ndikupangitsa kuti mbaleyo izikhala yotalikirapo. Ngati kupumula, kuwaza ndi kupumula kwa banja lonse, ndikosavuta kulumikizana mbale zopota.
Njira yofunika kwambiri ndi kuya. Amakhulupirira kuti kuti musakhale omasuka, ndizosavuta kusambira, kutembenukira pansi pamadzi ndikulumpha kuchokera kumbali, mukusowa kuya kwa mita ndi theka (ndipo osatinso!). Koma kudumpha kwa ski kumafuna mbale yakuya - osachepera 2.3 m. Komabe, ndikokwanira kupanga zakuya modera lamadzi, ndikupanga kusintha kosavuta kuchokera kukula kwakukulu (1.5 m).
Ngati ntchito yopanga dziwe mdziko muno ili ndi pakati pongofuna kusangalatsa ana, ndiye kuti mbale yakuya siyiyenera kupitirira theka la mita. Izi ndizokwanira pamasewera osangalatsa komanso kuyendetsa ndege popanda ngozi.
Mapangidwe ovuta kwambiri ndi dziwe lophatikiza, lomwe aliyense amasamba. Poterepa, kuya kosiyana kumapangidwira kwa ana ndi akulu omwe, ndipo madera onse awiriwa ayenera kupatulidwa ndi gawo lolimba lomwe limayamba kuchokera pansi. Chifukwa chake mumatsimikiza motsutsana ndi ana omwe mwangozi akulowa m'dera la achikulire.
Zofunika! Dziwe lirilonse lomwe lili ndi zozama zingapo, ndikofunikira kuti pansi pake likhala lathyathyathya komanso losalala kuchokera ku kukula kumka ku lina. Kudumpha modzidzimutsa sikovomerezeka pazifukwa zotetezeka. Munthu amene akuyenda pansi amatha kudumphadumpha osadukiranso malire ozama pomwe kuzama kwina kuyambira, ndipo mwamantha, miyendo ikangotsika, chiopsezo chokhazikika chimakhala chambiri.
Kusankha kwa mphika: kugula okonzeka- kapena kupanga nokha?
Ntchito yowononga nthawi yambiri yomwe imakhudzana ndi kukonza dzenje ndikutsanulira mbale. Koma opanga aganiza momwe angapangire dziwe mdzikolo mwachangu komanso mosavuta. Adapanga mbale zopangira zokonzekera, zomwe zimangofunika kukumba pansi ndikukhazikitsa. Kuphatikiza pazodziwikiratu zowonekera pakuphatikiza kukhazikitsidwa, mapangidwe omalizidwa ndiwopindulitsanso chifukwa amabwera mumitundu yonse yazithunzi ndi mitundu, zomwe sizinganenedwe za konkriti. Kuphatikiza apo, pakugwira ntchito, mbale za konkriti zimatha kuwonongeka ngati nthaka iyamba kusuntha.
Mitundu ya mbale zomaliza: pulasitiki ndi gulu
Pali mitundu iwiri ya mbale zomalizidwa zogulitsa: pulasitiki ndi gulu. Mfundo ya kukhazikitsa kwawo ndi chimodzimodzi. Mitundu yaukadaulo yazopangidwazo imasiyana.
Mbale yamapulasitiki imafunikira zowonjezera zamakoma a dziwe kuchokera kunja
Pazomanga pulasitiki, chinthu chachikulu ndi polypropylene. Mantha sakhala otopa, safunikira kukhetsa madzi m'nyengo yozizira, ndiwachilengedwe, wothana ndi nkhawa zamagetsi. Malo osalala amateteza kupangika kwa chinsalu ndi matope pamakoma ndi pansi. Ma mbale oterowo safuna kukongoletsa kowonjezera kwamkati, chifukwa amawoneka okongola. Zokhazo zoyipa: ngati dziwe lakhazikitsidwa pamalo omwe mulibe mthunzi, ndiye kuti polypropylene yotentha ikhoza kukula, chifukwa chake pansi ndi makoma "amapita pamafunde." Koma kutentha kukatsika, mbaleyo imayamba kuoneka bwino.
Ma mbale ophatikizika opangidwa ndi fiberglass, omwe saopa chisanu kapena kutentha
Mapangidwe opanga amapanga vuto ngati ili. Zofunikira kwambiri mwa iwo ndi fiberglass, yomwe imalumikizidwa ndi ma polymer resins. Ubwino wonse wokhala ndi mbale zamapulasitiki ndizofanana ndi izi. Koma pali "koma" kakang'ono chabe: tsamba lambiri ndi lokwera mtengo.
Sankhani nokha zosankha
Ndipo, nzika zina za chilimwe zimakondabe mbale zomwe zimapangidwa pamalopo, chifukwa nthawi zonse simupeza chidebe chokhala ndi kukula komanso mawonekedwe omwe ali oyenererana ndi malo enaake, ndipo madamu akulu kwambiri (kutalika kwa 10 m) amachititsa kuti mayendedwe azikhala ovuta. Ochuluka a eni amapanga matziwe a nyumbayo ndi manja awo kuchokera konkriti. Zinthuzi zimagulitsidwa nthawi zonse. Ngati sizotheka kuchipereka pamalopo ngati njira yothirira madzi, chosakanizira wamba cha konkriti chimayikidwa, ndipo osakaniza ndi kuwonjezera kwa mchenga amapangidwa m'malo mwake.
Mbale yonyamula thovu ya polystyrene ndiyosavuta kusonkhana chifukwa chopepuka chazinthuzo ndipo chimasunga kutentha kwa madzi mwangwiro
Ndikotheka kupanga mbale yonse ya simenti, kuphatikiza makhoma, koma zimatenga nthawi yayitali komanso ntchito yambiri kukhazikitsa formwork ndi kuthira.
Okhala mwachilengedwe a chilimwe adabwera ndi kachipangizo kosavuta kwambiri padziwe: amangosunga konkire wapansi, ndipo makhoma anali opanga miyala ya povu ya polystyrene kapena ma sheet azitsulo. Pakumbidwe koyamba, dziwe limasanduka lotentha, popeza chithovu cha polystyrene chili ndi mafuta ochepa opatsidwayo. Makoma achitsulo ndi osavuta kukhazikitsa, chifukwa amagulitsidwa okonzeka ndi zida zina zowonjezera m'njira yopanga filimu ndi zida zowukitsa.
Kukhazikitsa kwa dziwe ndi mbale yomalizidwa
Ganizirani momwe mungapangire dziwe mdziko muno, pogwiritsa ntchito mbale ya fakitale.
Kulemba malowa
- Pimirani mosamala mbale zomwe zatulutsidwa.
- Tikuyika pansi malo a dzenje lamtsogolo, pogwiritsa ntchito zikhomo ndi chingwe. Timayendetsa zikhomo m'makona a mbale yam'tsogolo, ndipo timakoka chingwe pakati pawo. Dziwe losakhala lodziwika bwino, nthawi zambiri limayendetsa matsekere.
- Timachoka pachingwe cholumikizira mita ndikuika zikwangwani m'mbali mwake (timadula pansi, kunyamula zikhomo zatsopano, ndi zina zotere). Ndikutengera kudutsa kumeneku kuti muyamba kukumba dzenje. Malo osungirako oterowo amafunikira kuti muchepetse kutsitsa mbale, kukhazikitsa makoma ake ndikupanga maziko olimba.
- Timachotsa chizindikiro chamkati ndikuyamba kukumba dzenjelo.
Zapadziko lapansi
Dzenje la dziwe liyenera kukhala pansi komanso lokhazikika, motero limayesedwa
Dzenje la maziko liyenera kukhala lakuya mita kupitirira kukula kwa mbale yomwe. Tsopano pangani maziko oyika mbale:
- Thirani pansi ndi masentimita 20 a mchenga wozungulira ndi nkhosa yamphongo.
- Timayala timiyala tachitsulo pamchengawo kuti tipeze mpandawo ndi kutsanulira matope a simenti 25 cm. Timadikirira mpaka kuzimiririka.
Danga la konkriti lomwe pansi limatsanulidwa liyenera kulimbikitsidwa kuti lisasokonekere nthaka ikasuntha
Pambuyo pake, timazindikira kuti tidziwe:
- Timayala geotextiles pamakona onse a konkriti, ndipo pa iyo - masentimita atatu owonjezera. Amasiyanitsa pansi pa dziwe ndi malo ozizira.
- Pamwamba pa kutchingira kwa stel, filimu yayitali yolimba.
- Ngakhale mbale ili pamwamba, muyenera kukhoma makoma ake. Kunja kwa khomalo "kumadzaza" phukusi la polystyrene ndipo limasungika ndi polyethylene.
Makoma akunja a mbale amadzaza ndi chitho cha polystyrene kuti azisiyanitsidwa ndi dothi lozizira
Kukhazikitsa kwa Bowl ndi kulumikizana
- Tsitsani mbale yokonzedwayo pansi pa dzenje.
- Timalumikizana ndi mbale zonse zofunikira. Timayika malaya otetezera pamapayipi ndikuikonza ndi tepi kuti isasunthe mukamamanga.
Spacers sangalole kuti mbaleyo ikotamire pomwe kukhazikika kwa konkire kumatsanulidwa; Ndipo mapaipi onse amafunika kunyamulidwa kuti ateteze nthawi yozizira
- Mukhomeretse zolowa zotsalira pakati pa dothi ndi linga la dziwe motere:
- Timakhomera matewera mkati mwa mbale kuti pulasitiki kapena wophatikizana usakokolore pansi pamphamvu ya simenti;
- Timayika mawonekedwe, ndipo timakhazikitsa zolimbitsa kuzungulira kuzungulira;
- Timadzaza mayankho osati onse nthawi imodzi, koma zigawo: timadzaza dziwe ndi madzi ndi 30-40 masentimita ndikukweza konkratiyo mpaka kutalika komwe. Tikudikirira kulimbitsa, kenako madzi - ndipo pambuyo pa konkire. Chifukwa chake, timabweretsa danga la konkriti padziko lapansi.
- Timadikirira tsiku mpaka kutsanulira kumakhazikika kenako ndikuchotsa mawonekedwe.
- Timadzaza mapindikidwewo ndi mchenga, kuwusefa ndi madzi ndikusenda.
Zimakhalabe kuyeretsa dziwe komanso kulowetsamo madzi.
Pama dambo lakunja, ndikofunika kuti apange denga lolumikizana lomwe lingateteze ku mvula yakuda, kapena kusoka hema, lomwe lidzaphimbe kapangidwe kameneka mutachoka mnyumba yakunyumba.
Ngati zida zamadzi mdziko muno zikuwoneka ngati ntchito yovuta - gulani njira yochepetsera kapena chimango. Maiwe oterowo ndi oyenera kusangalala ndi madzi, ndipo nthawi yozizira mutha kuwamasula ndikuwabisa m'chipinda chapamwamba.
