Blackcurrant ndi chikhalidwe chapadera m'njira zonse. Si chinsinsi kuti zipatso za mtengawu ndizosungiramo zenizeni za mavitamini ndi mchere, ndipo masamba ndi masamba ndizofunikira kwambiri pakuphika komanso mankhwala. Tchire la chikhalidwechi limayamba kununkhira bwino mu kasupe woyamba komanso mpaka kumapeto kwa nthawi yophukira kumasangalatsa diso ndi udzu wobiriwira. Eya, kwa wamaluwa wosasinthika wakuda ndi chisangalalo chenicheni, chifukwa kulima ndi kusamalira tchire sikubweretsa mavuto ambiri. Koma, monga chikhalidwe chilichonse, kuvulaza kumafuna kusinthika pakapita nthawi. Kubala kwake ndi ntchito yosavuta komanso yotheka ngakhale kwa oyamba kumene. Chofunikira ndi kudziwa momwe mungachitire moyenera.
Kufalitsa kwa blackcurrant ndi odulidwa: maubwino ndi ati
Pali malingaliro kuti othandizira amatha kubereka zipatso kwa zaka makumi awiri kapena kupitilira pamenepo ndikuyambiranso. Izi sizowona konse. Kupanga kwakukulu kwa blackcurrant kumawonedwa kuyambira chaka chachinayi mpaka chachisanu ndi chitatu cha moyo. M'zaka zotsatira, zokolola zimachepa, zipatso zimayamba kuchepa, kuchuluka kwake kumachepa. Kuphatikiza apo, chomera chakale komanso chofowoka chimatha kutengeka ndi zovuta za matenda ndi majeremusi. Tisaiwalenso kuti pansi pa chitsamba chokhalitsa kwanthawi yayitali dothi limatha. Chifukwa chake, kufunika kosintha chikhalidwechi kulipo.
Dzilimbikitse modzitchinjiriza m'njira zingapo:
- kudula (kuchuluka kwa kupulumuka 85-90%);
- magawo (kupulumuka kwa 100%);
- Kugawika kwa chitsamba (kupulumuka kwa 100%);
Mutha kubzala chitsamba cha curators ngakhale kwa njere. Kuthekera kwakuti mbewu zingatenge cholowa chonse cha kuthengo ndipo chitsamba chadzaza, ndizochepa kwambiri.
Wotchuka kwambiri, ngakhale kuti njirayi ndi yovuta kuigwiritsa ntchito komanso kuti asapulumuke pang'ono, ndimadula. Izi zikufotokozedwa ndikuti ndizotheka kugula zambiri zodzala. Koma mwayi wofunikira kwambiri ndikuti mbande zomwe zimachokera ku zadula zimasungidwa machitidwe onse a chitsamba.
Kukolola odulidwa: liti ndipo motani
Wamaluwa amatuta ma cutcurrant odula chaka chonse kupatula nyengo yozizira. Komabe, zodulidwa mu nyengo iliyonse zimakhala ndi zakezo. M'chilimwe, monga lamulo, mphukira zobiriwira zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kudula, ndipo kasupe ndi nthawi yophukira zimasowa. Mulimonsemo, ndikofunikira kusankha chitsamba chabwino.
Zidula mchilimwe
Nthawi yabwino yokolola zodula nthawi ya chilimwe sichinakhale koyambirira kwa mwezi wa Juni ndipo sikunadutse kwambiri kuposa zaka khumi zoyambirira za Julayi, i.e. nthawi yomwe currant ili pa gawo la ntchito yolimba. Zidutswa zobiriwira zimapangidwa kuchokera ku chowombelera bwino chaka chilichonse, chokhala ndi gawo lowuma komanso chowongolera pamwamba osaphwanya mukapinda izi:
- chida (pruner kapena mpeni) amathandizidwa ndi madzi otentha;
- mphukira zosankhidwa zimadulidwa kuchitsamba;
- kumtunda ndi gawo lowuma la mphukira sikugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati zodula (pamwamba mwachangu chimazika mizu, koma sizingatheke kuti zitha, ndipo pansi sichizika mizu konse);
- kudula 15 cm cm kutalika kuchokera pakatikati pa mphukira ndi wodulidwa pang'ono, pamtundu uliwonse womwe masamba atatu okha ayenera kutsalira;
- masamba awiri apansiwo amachotsedwa limodzi ndi odulidwa, ndipo gawo limodzi limasiyidwa kuchokera kumtunda, kuti chinyontho chimasuluka msanga.
Kutalika kwa zodulidwa kuchokera mu mphukira wobiriwira kuyenera kukhala 15-20 cm
Kudula okonzeka. Bzalani nthawi yomweyo. Ngati izi sizingatheke, ndiye kuti zimayikidwa kwakanthawi m'madzi ndikufundidwa ndi polyethylene.
Chinyezi chachikulu ndichofunika kwambiri kudula kobiriwira, chifukwa chake tikulimbikitsidwa kuwabzala mu wowonjezera kutentha, mozama kwambiri - mu wowonjezera kutentha. Asanabzala, dothi liyenera kukonzedwa - kumasulidwa ndi madzi. Zodulidwa zimayikidwa munthaka pa masamba 2 otsika makamaka pamlingo wa 450. Kenako amafunika kuzikongoletsa ndi peat 3-5 masentimita ndikuphimba ndi filimu.
Wobzala mitengo yobiriwira siyofunika kuyimitsidwa. Pansi pa dzuwa mwachindunji, mphukira zimangokhala "weld".
Mpaka pomwe mizu ipangidwe, kudula kobiriwira kumafuna chisamaliro mosamala:
- kuthirira mwadongosolo pafupifupi tsiku lililonse;
- kupuma tsiku lililonse kwa maola angapo;
- kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa kuti mukhale chinyezi;
- kuvala pamwamba pamtundu wa feteleza wokhala ndi nayitrogeni wokhala ndi pafupipafupi kamodzi pamasabata atatu.
Pambuyo pa masabata atatu, timayang'ana ngati mbewuzo zayamba kuzika. Izi zitha kuchitika ndikukoka pamwamba pa chimbalangondo. Ngati mizu yachitika, ndiye kuti kukana pang'ono kumamveka.
Kanema wongoyatsa mini-wowonjezera kutentha akhoza kulowetsedwa ndi mabotolo apulasitiki obedwa.
Patatha mwezi umodzi mutabzala, polyethylene imachotsedwa, ndipo kumapeto, mbande zimasinthidwa kuti zizikhazikika.
Zidula zokhala ndi mizu yophukira zakonzeka kuti zitha kuzengedwa kupita ku malo okhazikika
Chaka chamawa, mu kasupe, mphukira imodzi yayitali idzachotsedwa pamadulidwe, chifukwa chake, kuti tipeze chitsamba chathunthu, akatswiri amalimbikitsa kubzala mu dzenje la 3-4.
Kanema: Zodulidwa zobiriwira
Momwe mungadulire wakuda currants mu kasupe ndi yophukira
Anthu ambiri okhala chilimwe amaphatikiza kudula masamba kumeneku ndikudulira kwawo komwe kumakhala kumapeto. Munthawi imeneyi, komanso nthawi yophukira, kudula kumakolola kuyambira kumng'ono wazaka ziwiri zokha (m'mimba mwake sayenera kupitirira 5 mm). Nthambi 15-30 cm kutalika kuchokera pakati. Mfundo yopanga zodula ndizofanana ndi zodulidwa zobiriwira: kudula kwapamwamba kumapangidwa masentimita 1 pamwamba pa impso, ndipo wotsika pansi pansipo.
Njira yokolola odulidwa ku mitengo yophukira
Kukololedwa mu kudula kwa yophukira sikulimbikitsidwa kuti mubzale mu nthaka - sikuyenera kupulumuka nyengo yozizira. Zikatero, zimatha kusungidwa mpaka kuphukira kapena kuzimiririka gawo lapansi.
Ndikotheka kupulumutsa odulidwa m'malo obisika: m'chipinda chapansi, mufiriji, kapena ngakhale chipale chofewa. Koma choyamba ayenera kukonzekera. Kuti chinyezi chisasanduke msanga, ma cutowo amviika mu parafini yamadzimadzi kapena sera, kenako ndikuyika polyethylene komanso m'malo abwino mpaka kumapeto. Munthawi yachisanu, ndibwino kuti mutulutse mfundozo maulendo angapo ndikuwona ngati nkhungu yaonekera pamenepo ndipo ngati nthambi zotsekeka zatsekedwa.
Kusungidwa kwa ma currant odulidwa nthawi yozizira kumafunika kukonzekera koyamba
Njira yabwino podikira ndikudula kwa kasupe kubzala ndikuwazula mu gawo lapansi. Kuti muchite izi, muyenera:
- Sankhani muli ziwiya (miphika kapena magalasi) zomwe zili ndi malita osachepera 0,5.
- Ikani ngalande pansi pa chotengera, mwachitsanzo, vermiculite kapena perlite.
- Thirani dothi losakanizika ndi dothi lapansi, mchenga ndi peat mosiyanasiyana.
- Limbikitsani zodulidwazo pamtunda wachiwiri ndikuchepetsa dziko lapansi kuzungulira mmera kuti mupewe mapangidwe.
Kuti mupange mizu, ndikofunikira kupereka kutentha kwa boma ndi chinyezi chofunikira chomera. Kutentha kwanyumba, mbande zimakhala bwino, koma zimafalikira nthawi zambiri - kawiri patsiku.
Pakumera currant petioles kunyumba, maluwa ndi thumba losunga mazira titha kuwoneka panthambi. Amalimbikitsidwanso kuti adulidwe, chifukwa kutulutsa chomera mumiphika kumachepetsa mizu, zomwe zimakhudza zipatso za chitsamba chobzalidwa pansi.
Ndikayamba masika, petioles yozika mizu itabzalidwe munthaka mutakonzedwa kale. Chachikulu ndikuchita izi pomwe chiwopsezo cha chisanu chidzakhala chochepa.
Momwe mungadule bwino: zazikulu
Blackcurrant imachita bwino pakumera. Koma ngakhale njira yosavuta yolumikizira, kutsatira malamulo ena kumawonjezera mwayi wopambana:
- Timalabadira chisankho cha chitsamba chowongolera. Iyenera kukhala chomera chowoneka bwino, chokhala ndi zipatso zambiri komanso zipatso zabwino kwambiri za zipatso.
- Kudula bwino kumachitika mu mitambo kapena m'mawa kwambiri mame.
- Pofuna kuzika mizu pa petioles, akatswiri amalimbikitsa kuwakhazikitsa asanayambe kubzala mu choziziritsa kukhola (mwachitsanzo, mu "Heteroauxin") kwa maola 24.
- Mu dothi mapesi amayenera kuyikidwa pa ngodya ya 450. Chifukwa chake kudzakhala kosavuta kwa iwo dzinja.
- Kuphatikizika kwa dothi kumakhudzanso kupulumuka kwa odulidwa. Ndikwabwino kugwiritsa ntchito chisakanizo cha dziko lapansi, kompositi ndi mchenga wamtsinje. Muthanso kuwonjezera utuchi.
- Masabata atatu oyambilira, kuthirira kuyenera kukhala kambiri komanso nthawi zonse.
- Kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa ndikofunikira kuti munthu adule. Makulidwewo amawona kuti akutsatira chinyezi cha dothi pa 80%, ndi mpweya - 90%.
- Mukabzala mbande pamalo okhazikika, kubzala kachulukidwe ndikofunikira. Zimatengera mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya currant - chifukwa nthambi za malo zosafunikira zimafunikira zoposa pamitundu yokhala ndi korona wowongoka komanso wopapatiza.
- Manyowa mbande 3-4 pachaka. Feteleza wa organic (manyowa, zitosi za mbalame) kapena zowonjezera zovuta (Fertika Lux, Zdraven Turbo pamlingo wa supuni 1 pa malita asanu amadzi) ndizoyenera kwambiri.
Chifukwa chake, pakuwona malamulo osavuta awa, aliyense akhoza kumakula msatsi wokula msipu wazokulirapo, kudula, popanda ndalama zapadera. Chofunika kwambiri, kudula kumapangitsa kuti sizingobwezeretsa mabulosiwo, komanso kukulitsa mawonekedwe ake mwa kubwereka mphukira zingapo za chitsamba kwa mnansi.
