Wogulitsa m'munda aliyense wakumanapo ndi vuto losakhala bwino la mbewu monga powdery mildew (ashtray). Kutuluka kwa fangasi kumakwiyitsa tiziromboti tating'ono kwambiri. Kulimbana nawo sikovuta kwambiri motalika komanso kosasangalatsa. Tchire lomwe layamba kudwala liyenera kutsanulidwa kangapo ngakhale chithandizo choyenera sichimapereka zotsatira nthawi yomweyo. Popewa kutchinga tizirombo, gwiritsani ntchito prophylaxis pogwiritsa ntchito njira iliyonse yomwe ikupezeka kuchokera kwa womangirayo.
Powdery Mildew Chemicals
Matendawa amafanana ndi phulusa. Vuto limadziwoneka ngati lophimba loyera wa ufa pamtunda wowoneka bwino wa zomera, ndikofunikira kulimbana naye pakuwonekera koyamba. Kuti athetse tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, fungicides amagwiritsidwa ntchito - mankhwala antifungal omwe ali ndi zovuta zowonekera pazochitika kapena maphikidwe osiyanasiyana a mankhwala wowerengeka.
Fungicides
Ganizirani mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mankhwala omwe amatha kuthana ndi tiziromboti.
Mankhwala | Kufotokozera | Kugwiritsa |
| Acrobat MC | Mafuta osungunuka mosavuta m'madzi, kuphatikiza dimethomorph ndi mancozeb. Kuphatikiza uku kumapereka chithandiziro chabwino kwambiri cha antifungal kudzera pakulowera kosavuta kulowa muzomera. | Mu phukusi la magalamu 20 a zinthu, amadzipereka mu malita 5 amadzi. Kukonzanso pambuyo pakatha milungu iwiri. Kumwaza kumachitika isanayambe maluwa azomera zamasamba. Zomera zomwe sizigwiritsidwa ntchito mu chakudya zimatha kuchiritsidwa nthawi iliyonse. |
| Zowonjezera Zowonjezera | Muli ndi zinthu ziwiri zogwira ntchito azoxystrobin ndi ciproconazole. Loyamba ndikuchiritsa, kutsekereza mpweya wa pathogen, potero kuwononga komwe kumayambitsa matendawa. Lachiwiri ndi prophylactic, limalowa mwachangu m'maselo a chomera ndipo, kuzungulira mkati mwake, limodzi ndi timadziti, limateteza. | Wogulitsidwa monga madzi amadzapopera mbewu, yankho lamadzi mu madzi limapangidwa mwa 1 1: 1. Bwerezani njira pambuyo masiku 15. Mbale zimapangidwa kuti zilimbikitse chitetezo chokwanira ndikukulitsa kukana ndi zovuta, wamaluwa amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuteteza mabedi a maluwa ku bowa. |
| Bordeaux madzimadzi | Chimodzi mwa mankhwala akale kwambiri omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito polimbana ndi bowa. Phukusili limakhala ndi zinthu ziwiri zouma zomwe ziyenera kusakanizidwa ndi madzi musanagwiritse ntchito. Copper sulfate ndi slaked laimu yolumikizana wina ndi mnzake, perekani zabwino kwambiri polimbana ndi powdery mildew. | Kumwaza kumachitika pambuyo poti kuchitira mu chosakaniza kukamaliza. Mukaphatikiza zida zogwira ntchito, kutentha kwakukulu kumamasulidwa, komwe kumatha kukhala koopsa ngati kungachitike pakhungu la munthu. |
| Vitriol wabuluu | Mpweya wabuluu, wosungunuka m'madzi, uli ndi katundu wochiritsa, ndikupha tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Mankhwalawa ndi otetezeka, chifukwa salowerera mkati mwa maselo a chomera, ndioyenera kukonza mbewu zobala zipatso. | Kumwaza kumachitika mu nthawi ya masika ndi yophukira pomwe palibe masamba. Ndikofunika kuonetsetsa mosamala mlingo wa mankhwalawa. Ngati nthaka ikusowa fluorine m'nthaka, kubzala kuyenera kuthiridwa feteleza, popeza vitriol imamanga mamolekyulu ake munthaka ndikupanga chinthu chosowa. |
| Vitaros | Chimatengera zodzitetezera, koma chimagwirizana ndi bowa chifukwa cha zinthu zomwe zili ndi tiramu ndi carboxin. Woyamba - kulimbana ndi zovuta za matenda, chachiwiri - chimawononga tizilomboti. Kukonzekera kwanthaŵi yayitali kumakhala kuteteza kwa miyezi isanu ndi umodzi. | Ntchito mankhwalawa mbewu ndi mababu a maluwa otungira nthawi yosungirako. Zowonjezera zamtundu zimakupatsani mwayi wogawana mawonekedwe ake pamtunda wa mbewu. Chomatira chapadera chomata chimakwirira ndipo chimapanga coco choteteza. |
| Previkur | Sungunuka zolimbitsa chitetezo ndi prophylactic sipekitiramu kanthu. Zomwe zimagwira ndi propamocarb hydrochloride, yomwe imakupatsani mwayi wothana ndi matenda oyamba ndi mafangasi. | Zokwanira pokonzekera mbewu zamasamba. Njira yothetsera vutoli imagwiritsidwa ntchito kuthirira ndi kupopera mbewu mbewu m'mawa ndi madzulo. |
| Kubwera posachedwa | Mankhwala prophylactic amagwiritsidwa ntchito pothana ndi matenda a mbewu zamasamba ndi mitengo. Chithandizo chogwira ntchito chimangoyambira matenda, chifukwa chake chithandizo chikuyenera kuchitika kuti mupewe matenda. | Pambuyo kupopera, chinthu chogwira ntchito mwachangu chimalowa mu chomera ndipo kwakanthawi chimasuntha mkatimu limodzi ndi timadziti. Zabwino pa kukula ndi kukula kwa tomato, biringanya ndi mbewu zina zamasamba. Kusatetezeka kwa mbewu kumachulukitsa, njira ya photosynthesis imayenda bwino komanso nthawi yayitali, ikukula zipatso. |
| Topazi | Njira yachigawo chimodzi, zomwe zimagwira penconazole. Yoyenera kusamalira dimba ndi mbewu zamkati. Yothandiza kwambiri pakuwongolera ufa wa powdery. Gwiritsani ntchito kupewa pobzala masamba poyambira. | Pakupopera mankhwalawa, mlingo wocheperako wowonjezera umafunika. Mphepo imodzi pa malita 10 a madzi a mbewu zamaluwa ndi gawo limodzi la malita 5 a maluwa am'nyumba. Kumwaza kumachitika tsiku louma, lopanda mphepo, kotero kuti chinthu chogwira chimalowa m'minda. |
| Fundazole | Maziko a mankhwalawa ndi phenol ufa. Thupi limaphatikizana ndi bowa ndi mitundu ina ya nkhupakupa, nsabwe za m'masamba. | Kumwaza kumachitika kamodzi ndikupatsa chitetezo chomera kwa sabata limodzi. Ndikofunika kuyang'anitsitsa ndende yankho kuti ugwire bwino ntchito. |
Kugwiritsa ntchito bwino kwa mankhwala kumakhala kwakukulu ndipo kumakhala ndi machitidwe angapo othandizira, komabe, pali gawo la chiwopsezo cha kulowa kwa zinthu zakupha mu chakudya. Chifukwa chake, ambiri olima masamba amakonda njira zina zowongolera tizilombo.
Powdery Mildew Biologics
Popeza chidwi cha alimi ambiri ndi kufunitsa kwawo kungokulitsa zinthu zachilengedwe zokhazokha, adapanga njira zapadera zothetsera matenda a fungus azomera ndikuwatcha biofungicides. Zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pazandalama ndi mabakiteriya amoyo, omwe amathandizira kwambiri kuzinthu zachilengedwe.
Nyimbozo sizili zovulaza kwa anthu, nyama ndi zomera ndipo zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito pa gawo lililonse la chitukuko, ngakhale pakupanga chipatso. Siwothandiza monga mankhwala ndipo samapereka chitetezo cha nthawi yayitali, koma amatha kuthandizidwa nthawi zambiri osawopa kuvulazidwa.
Mankhwala odziwika kwambiri pakuwongolera powdery mildew ndi Phytosporin-M, Alirin-B, Gamair, Pseudobacterin-2, Planriz. Zida izi ndizotsika mtengo komanso zimapezeka m'masitolo aliwonse odziwika.
Mr. Chilimwe wokhala anati: njira za anthu motsutsana ndi powdery mildew
Kwa iwo omwe akufuna kupulumutsa, pali mankhwala wowerengeka omwe amakonzedwa popanda njira zotukuka.
Njira | Kuphika | Kugwiritsa |
| Whey | Mkaka wowawasa, kefir, yogati imasungunuka ndi madzi ozizira, ndikuwona gawo la 1:10. Yankho lakonzeka kupopera. | Kusanthula kumachitika m'mawa kwambiri kapena dzuwa litalowa. Zomwe zimapangidwazo zimathiridwa kunsi kwa mbewuzo. |
| Phulusa | Phulusa louma lamatope mu chikho cha ½ limathiridwa ndi madzi otentha ndikuwapatsa masiku awiri. Pambuyo pa nthawiyo, yankho lake limasefedwa ndikujambulidwa ndi sopo wamadzi kapena chovala chowotcha. | Mapangidwe omalizira amagwiritsidwa ntchito kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa ndi masiku 7. |
| Iodini | Sakanizani bwino 1 ml ya ayodini, lita imodzi ya mkaka kapena Whey ndi 9 malita a madzi. Ngati angafune, olimawo ena amawonjezera sopo wamadzi. | Pukuta mankhwalawa pakatha milungu iwiri iliyonse kufikira mutachira kwathunthu. Popeza mbali imodzi ya njirazi imachulukitsa zokolola, tikulimbikitsidwa kuti mwanjira zoteteza nkhaka, zukini, ndi biringanya. |
| Soda ndi sopo | Bicarbonate wamba wa sodium, yemwe amapezeka m'nyumba iliyonse, amasakanizidwa ndi sopo wa grated pogwiritsa ntchito magalamu anayi a chilichonse. Dulani mafuta mu lita imodzi yamadzi, akuyambitsa. | Zomera zimapoperedwa kamodzi pa sabata mpaka kuchira kwathunthu; munthawi ya chithandizo, ndikofunikira kugwedeza mawonekedwe. |
| Mahatchi | Udzu watsopano (100 g) umathiridwa ndi madzi okwanira lita imodzi. Kenako wiritsani kwa maola awiri, zosefera ndi zina zonse zofunika kuzikiritsa ndi madzi 1: 5. | Kufufuza kumatha kuchitika kawiri pachaka, kasupe komanso kugwa. |
| Potaziyamu permanganate | Hafu ya supuni ya potaziyamu permanganate imadzidulira mu 10 malita a madzi. | Kubalalika kwa kapangidwe kuyenera kuchitika osati pa mbewu zokha, komanso nthaka, zida zamaluwa ndi makoma a wowonjezera kutentha. Kufufuza kumachitika masiku onse a 2 osachepera katatu pamsika. |
| Mullein | Gawo lachitatu la chidebe limadzazidwa ndi manyowa atsopano ndikuthiridwa ndimadzi ozizira. Kuumirira masiku 3, nthawi zina kusakaniza. Sefa ndi kuthira madzi otsala ndi madzi muyezo wa 1: 10 | Kumwaza kumachitika nthawi isanayambe kapena dzuwa litalowa kuti tipewe kuyaka. Watsopano mawonekedwe zakonzedwa kuti aliyense chithandizo. |
| Garlic | Dulani adyo (25 g) ndikuwadzaza ndi madzi okwanira, chokani kwa maola 24 ndikusefa. | Zomera zonse zimaponedwa. |
| Anyezi mankhusu | Anyezi mankhwalawa amawapanga mwa kulingalira kwawo; Palibevulaza pamakonzedwe awa. | Kumwaza kumachitika mkati mwa nthawi yophukira, mutha kuthira njira yothira dothi ngati feteleza komanso kupewa tizilombo. |
Kugwiritsa ntchito kwa wowerengeka azitsamba sikupereka chitsimikizo chotsimikizika, koma musanapitirize ndi mankhwala othandizira ndikofunikira kuyesa njira izi, nthawi zambiri poyambira gawo ndikotheka kuthana ndi powdery mildew. Kuphatikiza apo, njira zonse zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito poteteza zimapanga manyowa bwino ndi kudyetsa mbewuzo.
