Orchids ndi epiphytes yomwe imamangiriridwa ndi mizu kupita ku zomera zina. Komabe, iwo si majeremusi ndipo samatenga zinthu zilizonse zothandiza kuchokera ku forophytes (zokhala zomera). Zomera za banja la Orchid zimadyetsa kokha mphamvu ya dzuwa, ndipo chinyontho chimapezeka kuchokera mlengalenga ndi mvula ngati mvula ndi utsi.
Makhalidwe a zomera zimenezi amadziwika kuti ndi madera otentha a makontinenti onse, koma kunyumba, maluŵa amodzimodziwo amakula. M'nkhani ino tidzakambirana za momwe mungamwetse ma orchid kunyumba pakhomo, ndikuuzeni za ulimi wothirira oyamba.
Zenizeni za chinyezi ndi epiphytes
Ndikofunika kumvetsa kuti zomera za epiphyte zimadya chinyezi molingana ndi zinazake zomwe zimawasiyanitsa ndi zomera za forophyte. Musanamwe kuthirira maluwa anu achilendo, muyenera kuphunzira ndi kumvetsa izi.
Ndipo pambuyo pake mutha kusintha mavitchi, omwe adzafanana kwambiri ndi maluwa a kuthengo. Zomwe zili zogwirizana ndi zotsatirazi: 
- Zomera za banja la Orchid zimatenga chinyezi m'mayeso ena ndi pang'onopang'ono. Njira yotereyi idzachitidwa chifukwa cha mapangidwe abwino a maluwa. Mzuwu uli ndi tsitsi lokongola lomwe liri ndi minofu ya lignified. Icho chikufanana ndi chinkhupule, chomwe chimapereka madzi oti azidya.
- Mu chilengedwe cha orchids zimadya chinyezi mvula, mame, mame. Nthawi zina amamwa madzi kuchokera pamwamba pa phorophyte. Koma chinthu chachikulu ndi chakuti mizu ya orchid imayambira nthawi zonse ndipo sakhalabe yonyowa.
- Kukula kwa oimira a Orchid banja mu chilengedwe kumayendera molingana ndi kayendetsedwe kake: poyamba masamba ndi mizu zimayamba kukula, ndiye nyengo yamaluwa imayambira, yomwe nthawi zambiri zimagwirizana ndi mvula yomwe imakhala yovuta kumadera otentha. Izi ziyenera kuganiziridwa pamene madzi akumwa madzi ndikusintha ubweya wambiri ndi kubwerera kwa madzi.
- Zomera za epiphytic pakuchita chisinthiko zinapeza kuti zimatha kupulumuka nthawi zowuma popanda mavuto. Amatha kudziunjikira madzi m'masamba, amawombera, mizu ndi bulba.
- Mphamvu za dzuwa ndi nthawi zambiri za ulimi wothirira zimagwirizana. Pamene nthawi ya kutentha imakhala ndi nthawi yochepa ya masiku a dzuwa, epiphytes imachepetsa kukula ndi chitukuko, ndipo panthawiyi safuna kuchuluka kwa chinyezi. Komanso, ngati nthawi ya chinyezi idzakhala yambiri, ndiye kuti njira yovunda ya mizu ingayambe.
Ndikofunikira! Musanayambe kuthirira ma orchid, sankhani dothi la pamwamba ndikuwonanso momwe mvula imakhalira mkati.
Ndi madzi ati omwe amamwetsa orchid
Muyenera kumvetsetsa kuti madzi amtundu wanji amawathira ma orchid. Kukula kwabwino kwa maluwa achilendo, m'pofunikira kusankha makhalidwe abwino a m'madzi: acidity, hardness, kutentha.
Kulimba kwa madzi
Madzi okwanira a Orchids ayenera kukhala ofewa, nthawi zovuta - zovuta kwambiri. Dzifunseni nokha kuti kuuma kwa madzi sikungatheke chifukwa cha mavuto osiyanasiyana.
Kuti tidziŵe zambiri, tidzakambirana izi: St. Petersburg ndi States Baltic, madzi ndi ofewa, mumzinda wa Moscow - molimbika kwambiri, ku Kiev ndi madera oyandikana nawo - ovuta kwambiri. Izi zikutanthauza kuti ngati m'madera ozungulira a Russia madzi sangathe kuchepetsedwa, ndiye kuti ku Kiev ndikofunikira kuchita izi.
Mankhwala a orchids ali ndi mitundu yambiri ndi mitundu - zofiira, nsapato za Venus, ludizii, blills, Wanda, tselogin, dendrobium, cymbidium, miltonia, cambria, oncidium, - ena okhawo.Pofuna kuchepetsa kukhwima, mungagule oxalic acid, yomwe ili pamasamu a malo ambiri a m'munda. 1/8 Tsp ndiwonjezeredwa 5 malita a madzi. asidi akuphatikiza tsiku. Kenaka madzi amachotsedwa (pogwiritsa ntchito fyuluta kapena gauze atakulungidwa kangapo).
Anthu ena amaganiza kuti mungagwiritse ntchito madzi osungunuka nthawi zonse kuti azithirira, chifukwa ndi ofewa. Chowonadi ndi chakuti madzi oterewa alibe mchere wambiri, ndipo amayenera kuchepetsedwa ndi madzi a pompopu.Njira ina yothandizira kuchepetsa kufooka ndiko kusefera. Masiku ano, pali zowonongeka zamadzi zomwe zimachotsa madzi kuchokera ku bowa, mabakiteriya ndi heavy metal salt.
Mlingo wa acidity wa madzi komanso kutentha kwake
Chikhalidwe chofunika cha madzi okwanira ndi acidity ya pH. Akatswiri amanena kuti pH ikuyenera kukhala 5-5.5. Ngati acidity ndi yaikulu kwambiri, ndiye kuti madontho ochepa a mandimu a mazira osapsa ayenera kuwonjezeka ku madzi, zidzathandizira kuchepa kwake. Mwa njira, pH level imalembedwa mosavuta ndi chithandizo cha litmus.
Mukudziwa? Mitundu ina ya zomera kuchokera m'banja la Orchid ikhoza kupitiriza moyo wawo kwa zaka pafupifupi 100.Kutentha kwa madzi kutentha kwa ulimi wothirira sikuyenera kupitirira + 40 ° C. Malire otsika otsika ayenera kukhala + 30 ° С. Madzi ayenera kukhala otentha kotero kuti pamene mutsika manja anu mumakhala osamva.
Nthawi zambiri kutsirira kumatchulidwa
Funso la kufunika kambiri kuti madzi a orchid azikhala m'nyengo ya maluwa ndi omwe amafunsidwa kwambiri pa maulendo a alimi a maluwa. Ndikofunika kumvetsetsa kuti palibe amene angakupatseni yankho losagwirizana ndi funso ngatilo, chifukwa nthawi zambiri ulimi wothirira maluwa wodabwitsa umadalira zinthu zambiri: njira yobzala, kutentha, mtundu wa orchids.
Mwachitsanzo, Dendrobium, Cattleya ndi Odontoglassum sichikonda nthaka yowonongeka. Mitengo yotereyi imakonda kusonkhanitsa madzi mumzu, masamba, mphukira ndi kukula kwa nthawi yambiri mu nthaka youma.
Koma Phalaenopsis, Miltonia ndi Cymbidium amafunika kuthiriridwa kawirikawiri pa nthawi yogwira (nthawi ya maluwa), chifukwa maluwa ovuta omwe amapezekawo amamva ululu kwambiri pamene palibe chinyezi chokwanira.
Tiyeneranso kukumbukira kuti kuyatsa bwino ndi mphepo yozizira kumalimbikitsa kukula ndi kukula kwa duwa, yogwira ntchito yopanga photosynthesis ikuyambitsidwa, choncho kuwonjezera madzi okwanira ndi kofunika pa nthawi imeneyi.
Ndikofunikira! M'chilimwe, ma Orchids amafunika kuthirizidwa nthawi zambiri 4-5 kuposa nthawi yozizira.
Njira yolima imathandizanso kwambiri. Mwachitsanzo, Wanda amakula mu njira yosungunuka, ndipo kupopera masamba ake ndi masamba ndi kofunikira tsiku lililonse masiku awiri. Maluwa amenewo omwe amamera m'nthaka yolemera mu moss ndi perlite (izi zimasungira chinyezi bwino) amamwetsedwa mochepa nthawi zambiri (masiku asanu ndi awiri (5-7), malingana ndi nyengo).Njira zinayi zoyenera kuthirira
Pali njira zambiri zowonjezera zomera zokongola zosangalatsa za banja la Orchid. Tidzakambirana zazing'ono zinayi, zomwe nthawi zambiri zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi alimi ogwira ntchito kumudzi.
"Kusamba kowonjezera"
Mu chilengedwe, oimira a Orchid banja nthawi zambiri amatenga chinyezi m'nyengo yamvula yotentha. Ndicho chifukwa chake zomera zimayenera kulenga zinthu pafupi ndi chilengedwe.
Mwezi uliwonse kwa mphindi 2-3, maluwawo ayenera kutsika pansi pamadzi otentha, kutentha komwe sikuyenera kupitirira 40 ° C. Pamapeto pa ndondomekoyi, m'pofunika kuchotsa madontho a madzi omwe alowetsa m'masamba a masamba kapena maluwa. Pachifukwachi mungagwiritse ntchito swab yosamba.
Mukudziwa? Kummawa, anthu amakonda kwambiri zakumwa zotchedwa "salep." Chinthu chochititsa chidwi kwambiri ndi chakuti chimapangidwa kuchokera ku tubers of orchids.Pali chikhulupiliro chodziwika kuti kutentha kotentha kumathandiza kuti orchid isuke pachimake. Njira zitatu zomwe zili ndi mphindi khumi zimatha kubweretsa chomera choterechi chomwe chidzapangitse orchids kuti ikhale yobereka.
Koma nkofunika kumvetsetsa kuti pambuyo kuthirira pogwiritsa ntchito njira yotentha yotentha, m'pofunika kuuma komanso / kapena kutsegula mizu ya maluwa kuti zinthu zowola zisayambe. Gawo labwino la ulimi wothirira - leaching kuchokera pamwamba pazitsamba za nthaka zitsulo zazitsulo zamitengo ndi kuwonjezera mizu ndi mpweya.
"Kubatizidwa"
Njira iyi yothirira imaphatikizapo kumizidwa kwathunthu kwa mphika ndi maluwa m'madzi ofunda kwa masekondi 30. Nkofunika kuti musapitirire chomeracho mumadzi, ngati simungathe kuvulaza.
Pambuyo pogwira mphika kwa masekondi makumi atatu, zimatengera nthawi yofanana kukhetsa madzi owonjezera. Njira iyi ya ulimi wothirira ndi yabwino kwa maluwa abwino omwe alibe matenda aliwonse.
Malangizo aumwini: Njira yothirira "kumiza" imapangidwa bwino panthawi yokhazikika komanso maluwa (kumapeto kwa nyengo, chilimwe, masabata oyambirira a autumn). 
Kuthirira kungathe
Nthawi yomweyo dziwani kuti ndi bwino kuthirira ma orchids mwanjira iyi mu theka la tsiku (zidzakhala zopindulitsa ngati maluwawo ali kumbali ya kumwera kwa nyumbayo). Kwa ulimi wothirira, madzi okwanira akhoza kukhala ndi mabowo ang'onoang'ono komanso madzi oyeretsedwa.
Kuthirira kumera kudera lonse la nthaka, popanda kusokoneza mfundo yakukula (yesetsani kuti musakhetse madzi m'masamba a masamba). Kudiririra kumapitirira mpaka madzi akuyamba kutuluka kuchokera m'mabowo apansi kulowa mu poto. Izi zikachitika, muyenera kuyembekezera mphindi 3-5 ndikubwezeretsanso ndondomekoyi. Kenako sungani madzi owonjezera kuchokera pa pallets.
Kupopera mbewu
Njira yofanana yopangira zomera ikhoza kugwiritsidwa ntchito ndi eni ake omwe amaimika ma orchids, ndiko kuti, kukula pamabowo. Popeza maluwa okondwerera amathandiza chinyezi mofulumira komanso mizu yowuma, ulimi wothirira uyenera kuchitika kawirikawiri.
Akatswiri amalangiza kugwiritsa ntchito mfuti yachitsulo yomwe yakonzedwa kuti ikhale "fog". Kuthirira kumachitika masiku atatu aliwonse m'mawa. 
Momwe mungamwetsere kuphuka kwa orchid
Pa nthawi ya maluwa amaluwa ayenera kuthiriridwa nthawi zambiri. Mu chilengedwe, mvula siingatheke kwa nthawi yayitali, ndipo izi sizimapweteka zomera konse, chifukwa zimasinthidwa kuti zitheke.
Koma ngati mukufuna mlendo wachilendo kuti akukondwereni ndi wokongola ndi wautali maluwa nthawi, kutsirira ayenera kuwonjezeka ndi 1.5-2 nthawi. Kotero, ngati kawirikawiri ulimi wothirira unkachitika ngati dothi limauma, ndiye kufalikira kwa orchid kuyenera kuthiriridwa mochuluka masiku onse 3-4.
Ndikofunikira! Ndi zophweka kuti mudziwe kuti maluwa a orchid amakhala otani: maluwa omwe akugwira ntchito ali ndi mizu yobiriwira.Ngati njira ya maluwa idzachitika m'chilimwe, ndiye kuti lamulo limodzi liyenera kukumbukiridwa: mphamvu yothirira iyenera kuwonjezeka ndi ulimi wothirira. Pachifukwa ichi, mphika uyenera kusungidwa mbali ya dzuwa. M'nyengo yozizira, maluwa imapezeka kawirikawiri, koma ngati izi zimachitika, m'pofunika kuwonjezera maonekedwe osiyanasiyana pamwamba pa madzi odiririra.
Kusiyana kwa kuthirira m'nyengo yozizira ndi chilimwe
Musanayambe kukula Phalaenopsis orchid pakhomo, muyenera kudziwa nthawi zambiri kuti muzitha kuthirira mbewu zosakongola m'nyengo yozizira ndi chilimwe. Nthawi yomweyo tiyenera kukumbukira kuti pa nthawi ya "hibernation" kutentha kwa madzi okwanira sikuyenera kuchepetsedwa kuposa 35 ° C.
Ngati malo omwe maluwawo amasungidwa ndi ozizira kwambiri, ndiye kuti thovu liyenera kuikidwa pansi pa mphika. Pa nthawi yopuma, yomwe nthawi zambiri imagwa m'nyengo yozizira, kuthirira ndi kuchepetsedwa (ulimi wothirira umachitika nthawi ziwiri pa mwezi). Zoletsedwa zimachotsedwa pokhapokha ngati pali maluwa osakanikirana.
M'chilimwe, pamene mbewu ikukula ndikukula, kuthirira kumachitika nthawi zambiri. Koma gawo lofunikira ndi nthawi imene duwa limasiya dziko la mpumulo. Mu kasupe, mafupipafupi ndi mphamvu ya ulimi wothirira ayenera pang'onopang'ono kuwonjezeka.
Pambuyo pa ulimi wothirira, duwa liyenera kuikidwa pamalo a dzuwa, chifukwa njira yogwiritsa ntchito photosynthesis ikuyamba. Mu kugwa, nkofunika kuti pang'onopang'ono kuchepetsa kuthirira ndi kukonzekera orchid kuti mukhale mpumulo.
Zolakwa Zodziwika Zowonjezera
Kawirikawiri, zolakwika mu kuthirira zingabweretse kuwona kuti orchid sichita pachimake kwa nthawi yayitali kapena zomera zimangofa. Pansipa timapereka zolakwa zambiri zomwe alimi amaluwa amaluwa, kuti musalole kuti azisamalira maluwa anu:
- Pambuyo pa ulimi wothirira wambiri, anthu ambiri amaiwala kukhetsa madzi kuchokera ku pallets. Cholakwika ichi chimabweretsa kuwona kuti madzi amapezeka nthawi zonse m'munsi mwa mizu, ndipo chifukwa chakuti imatha kuphulika kwa nthawi yayitali, njira zowonongeka zimayamba. Pali kusiyana pakati pakugawa kwa madzi m'munsi ndi kumtunda kwa mbeu: mphukira, masamba ndi kumtunda kwa mizu amafunikira chinyezi, mbali ya pansi ya mizu ikukhala ndi madzi owonjezera.
Mukudziwa? Ku Singapore, pali Orchid National Park. M'ndandanda yake muli mitundu yoposa 60,000 ya zomera zosasangalatsa, ndipo izi ndizolembedwa padziko lonse lapansi.
- Kawirikawiri, ma orchids amagulitsidwa pamodzi ndi chonyowa chogwira mbali yosaoneka. Zapangidwa kuti zisunge chinyezi, ngati kuthirira sikokwanira. Koma popeza mutasamalira bwino mbeu yanu, ndikuiwala mbali yamphamvu yamadzi (yomwe ili mkati mwa mizu ndipo ili ndi moss kapena mphira wa mphutsi), mukhoza kuwononga orchid mosayenera. Moss kapena chithovu chidzagwira chinyezi kwa nthawi yaitali, ndipo kuthirira kudzakhala kosavuta. Chilichonse chidzapangitsa kuti mbewuyo ifa chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa chinyezi. Ndicho chifukwa chake mutagula maluwa ayenera kuikidwa.
- Kupopera mankhwala mobwerezabwereza kumabweretsa imfa yaikulu ya masamba. Ngati mutulutsa maluwa tsiku ndi tsiku, chinyezi chidzasungunuka pa kukula ndipo pang'onopang'ono kuwononga maselo. Zochita zotere sizivomerezeka, kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa sikungapangidwe kamodzi kokha kamodzi pa masiku awiri, ndipo mutatha njira yowonongeka, mphika umayikidwa pamalo a dzuwa kuti uyanike bwino.
Tsopano mukudziwa kuti ndi kofunika kangati kumwa madzi a orchid panyumba m'nyengo yozizira komanso m'nyengo yozizira kuti asafere ndipo nthawi zonse amapereka maluwa ambiri. Kumbukirani kuti chinthu chofunikira kwambiri pa chisamaliro cha alendo otentha ndikupanga mikhalidwe pafupi ndi nkhalango za ku America ndi Asia.
