Mabulosi okongoletsedwa amizere: momwe mungakulire chivwende nokha

Ma watermelon abwino kwambiri amabweretsedwa kuchokera kum'mwera, koma mutha kukolola zipatso zambiri zazitali zamizerezo mdziko la Moscow; chomera mavwende ngakhale m'chigawo cha Leningrad. Zinafika kuti izi sizovuta, mukungofunikira kudziwa zoyambira za kubzala kwa vwende ndikupanga ntchito yaying'ono. Ntchito zoyambira ndizodziwika kwa wolima m'munda aliyense, ndipo kuzizira kwambiri ndiye komwe kungakhale chopinga.

Kufotokozera kwamasamba

Chivwende ndi cha banja la dzungu, ndiyomera pachaka. Mitundu yambiri imakhala ndi tsinde lalitali, lokwera mpaka mamita awiri. Masamba ndi obiriwira amtundu wakuda, akuluakulu, okhala ndi mawonekedwe omata. Malinga ndi kutengera kwachilengedwe, chipatsochi ndi mabulosi, akuluakulu kwambiri, nthawi zambiri ozungulira mawonekedwe. Mwa mitundu ina, si mpira, koma mabulosi ataliitali owoneka ngati torpedo. Kulemera kwa mwana wosabadwa ndikofunika: amatha kuyambira 500 g mpaka 20 kg. Makungwa a Watermelon ali ndi mithunzi yosiyanasiyana yobiriwira; nthawi zambiri imakutidwa ndi mikwingwirima yakuda kapena yopepuka, koma imathanso kukhala monophonic. Kuguza kwake ndi kwamkati, nthawi zambiri mumakhala ofiira kapena ofiira, koma pali mitundu yokhala ndi lalanje kapena chikasu. Nthawi zambiri pamakhala mbewu zambiri, zimakhala zazikulu, kutalika kwa 1-2 cm, lathyathyathya, zolimba, zakuda kapena zofiirira.

Momwe mavwende amakulira

Gawo lalikulu la mbewa zam'madzi limapezeka m'malo otentha, osakhalitsa m'malo otentha. Ku Russia, mavwende amakula makamaka m'chigawo cha Lower Volga komanso kumpoto kwa North Caucasus, koma wamaluwa amateur amalimbikitsa chikhalidwe chakumpoto. Madzi ochokera kumayiko aku Africa. Chikhalidwechi chimalola kutentha ndi chilala, chimafunikira kutentha ndi kuwala kwa dzuwa. Komabe, chivwende nthawi zambiri chimalekerera kuzizira kwakanthawi, sikufanana ndi nthaka. Mizu yake imatha kuyamwa madzi kuchokera pansi mwakuya, choncho chivwende chimatha kukula muzovuta. Nthawi yomweyo, imayankha bwino ulimi wothirira maula, womwe, kuphatikiza ndi kubzala pamchenga wopendekera wamchenga, umabala zipatso zapamwamba kwambiri.

Mavwende ayenera kukhala padzuwa, ndipo mbewu zazikulu zimapeza madzi awo

Kugwiritsa

Mavwende ndi abwino kwa anthu azaka zilizonse. Mu msuzi wake osavuta shuga okhathamira amapezeka - shuga ndi fructose, kuwonjezera apo, mwa zomwe zili zomalizazi, iye ndi m'modzi mwa akatswiri pakati pa mbewu zomwe zalimidwa. Chivwende chili ndi ma organic acids osiyanasiyana, kuphatikizapo folic acid, yomwe ndiyofunikira kwambiri kwa thupi la munthu. Watermelon amathandizira kuyendetsa kagayidwe ka mafuta, kamene kamatsimikiza kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwake monga mankhwala ndi zakudya, kumakhala ndi mchere wamchere ndi zinthu zina zomwe zimatsata. Palinso lingaliro la chakudya cha mavwende.

Mafuta amagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka mwatsopano, monga mchere wabwino kwambiri wa chilimwe. Itha kudyedwa pafupifupi mopanda malire, ngakhale madokotala amachenjeza za kupewa zochuluka pamaso pa matenda ena. Nthawi yomweyo, pakukolola kwakukulu, mavwende amaloledwa pamakolola osiyanasiyana. Madzi akhoza kukonzedwa kwa iwo, ndipo pang'onopang'ono evapition yotsiriza, uchi ungapezeke. Mafuta okhala ndi masamba otsekemera amadziwika. Pali okonda manyumwa ambiri okhala ndi mchere ndi zamzitini: zipatso zazing'ono zimadyedwa pokonzekera izi, kuphatikiza osati kucha kwenikweni.

Zosiyanasiyana

Mitundu yonse yodziwika ya mavwende amagawanitsidwa mwapang'onopang'ono kukhala yakucha kokucha, kucha kwapakatikati ndi mochedwa. Ngati tizingolankhula za dziko lathu, ndiye kuti mitundu ina yamtsogolo (mwachitsanzo, Spring, Icarus, Holodok) ndizomveka kubzala kokha kum'mwera kwambiri; Ku Central Russia mitundu yoyambirira yokha, monga Victoria, Skorik, Ogonyok, ali ndi nthawi yokwanira. Mitundu yakucha yakukula kwapakatikati (Lezhebok, Ataman, ndi zina) amakhala ndi malo apakatikati. Mwa mitundu "yapamwamba" ya mavwende, otchuka kwambiri ndi awa.

• Spark ndi mtundu wakale kwambiri wak kucha, womwe umadziwika kuyambira masiku a USSR. Zipatso ndizochepa (pafupifupi 2 makilogalamu), nthangala zake ndizochepa kwambiri, ndipo thupi limakhala ndi mawonekedwe onunkhira bwino. Makungwa ndi owonda, mtundu wake ndi wobiriwira wakuda ndi mawonekedwe. Zosiyanasiyana zimatha kukhwima kwathunthu ku Central Black Earth, East Siberian ndi Far Eastern.
• Chill ndi amodzi mwa mitundu yotchuka kwambiri ya mavwende akachedwa. Zipatso zimasungidwa kwa miyezi yopitilira 3, mitunduyo imabala zipatso kwambiri, imakhala ndi kukoma kwambiri. Kuphatikizika kumeneko kunawonekera koyambirira kwa zaka zam'ma 1990, cholinga chake ndikubzala kumadera a North Caucasus ndi Lower Volga. Tchire ndi lamphamvu kwambiri, lalitali (mpaka 5 mitunda), lalitali kugonjetsedwa ndi matenda. Chipatsochi chimakhala chamtundu wina, cholemera pafupifupi makilogalamu anayi, chobiriwira chakuda ndi mikwingwirima yakuda. Madzi sangathe kutchedwa ochepera, koma amayendetsedwa bwino komanso kusungidwa. Mnofu wa chivwende ndi wofiira kwambiri, wokoma kwambiri, wachifundo.
• Mwana wa Suga - mitundu yomwe idaphatikizidwa mu State Register osati kale kwambiri, idapangidwira dera la Central Black Earth, koma imatha kumera kumpoto chifukwa imalekerera kuzirala mosavuta, kuphatikizira ndi masika. Zosiyanasiyana zakucha koyambirira-koyambirira. Tchire ndi masamba ndizofanana kakulidwe, zipatsozo ndizazungulirapo komanso zazing'ono: zochulukazo zimafikira 1 kg, ndipo ochepa okha amakula mpaka 4 kg. Chipatso chake chimakhala ndi miyendo yopyapyala, yopyapyala, kunja kwamtundu wabwinobwino wamdima. Guwa ndi lofiirira lakuda, lokhala ndi mbewu zazing'ono kwambiri. Makhalidwe abwino amakonzedwa kuti ndi abwino kwambiri. Popeza "mwana wa Suga" amamasuliridwa kuti "Baby Sugar", pa intaneti mungapeze malongosoledwe osiyanasiyana osiyanasiyana omwe ali pansi pa mayina onsewa, omwe angayambitse chisokonezo. Chifukwa chake, pofotokoza "Khanda Labwino", akuwonetsa kuti zimalimbikitsidwa nyengo yanyengo, kuphatikizira kulimidwa ku Siberia, chifukwa imagwirizana kwambiri ndi kutentha kochepa. Komabe, mitundu yomwe ili pansi pa dzina ili (la Russia) silikupezeka mu State Register, koma nthawi yomweyo, gawo lalikulu la malongosoledwe limafanana ndi mayina onse achi Russia ndi Chingerezi. Zosiyanasiyana za cholinga chaponseponse: zabwino osati zatsopano zokha, komanso pickling. Zimasuntha mosavuta mayendedwe.
• Crimson Suite ndi amodzi mwa mafashoni omwe amapezeka m'maiko ambiri ku Europe, ochokera ku France. Madzi oyambira-oyambirira-kwambiri, koma pagawo lake - imodzi yayikulu. Zipatso zopindika zimalemera pafupifupi 10 kg, ndipo zimatha kukula kwambiri. Colours - chivwende chapamwamba, chamizeremizere (mikwingwirima yopepuka kumayendedwe amdima wobiriwira), mnofu wakuda wofiirira, wopanda mitsempha, yokoma kwambiri komanso yokoma, krispy. Zipatsozo zimatha kunyamulika, kusungidwa bwino, ndipo zomerazo ndizachilala komanso zosagwira matenda.

Zithunzi Zithunzi: Mitundu Yotchuka Yamadzi

Kuphatikiza pa omwe adalembedwa pamndandandawu, m'zaka zaposachedwa, amagwiritsidwa ntchito mitundu yosiyanasiyana yopanda mitundu, yomwe siigwirizana ndi chifaniziro chathu cha mabulosi okhala ndi milozi wokhala ndi wofiyira mkati wokhala ndi njere zambiri. Chifukwa chake, mwachitsanzo, pali mavwende akuda okwera mtengo kwambiri komanso osowa. Densuke zosiyanasiyana zimamera ku Japan. Kunja, ndi kwamtundu wakuda, wonyezimira, wopanda mikwingwirima, wolemera makilogalamu 5-7, ndipo mkatimo muli mnofu wofiyira wowoneka bwino. Zowona, ma gourmet omwe adalawa adalongosola kukoma kwake osati kokoma, koma kokongola. Nthawi yomweyo, ku Russia kumakhala mitundu, yotsika mtengo kwambiri, mitundu yomwe imawoneka ngati Densuke. Mwachitsanzo, Kalonga wakuda kapena Wotchuka Wabwino. Mwina siokoma kwenikweni, koma samawononga ndalama zambiri pamsika.

Mavwende akuda a Densuke ndi okwera mtengo kwambiri, koma kodi ndi bwino kusankha gourmet

M'zaka zaposachedwa, mavwende okhala ndi thupi la chikaso alowa m'mafashoni. Izi ndi mbewu zosakanizidwa; kunja kwawo siosiyana ndi mavwende achikhalidwe, koma mkati mwake ndi achikaso. Amakhala alibe mbewu (ndipo nthawi zina satero), kukoma kwake ndi kosiyana kwambiri ndi nthawi zonse. Thupi limatha kukhala ndi zipatso za mango, ndimu, chinanazi ndi zipatso zina zakumwera. Mwachitsanzo, pafupifupi zaka 10 zapitazo, mavwende a Lunniy adaphatikizidwa mu State Record of the Russian Federation. Monga mavwende ena onse achikasu, amadziwika ndi kucha koyamba. Tchire limakhala lalikulu kakulidwe, zipatso zimapangidwa mopendekeka, zazing'ono: misa yake kuyambira 2 mpaka 3 kg. Kunja kuli ntambo, koma mnofu ndi wowala wachikaso wowoneka bwino, wowonda bwino. Kutha kusungirako kwakanthawi (pafupifupi mwezi).

Lunar kunja ndi chivwende wamba, koma mkati mwake chimawoneka chachilendo kwambiri

Pakatikati pa zaka zapitazi, mitundu ya mavwende omwe alibe mbewu zambiri adadulidwa. Monga lamulo, mavwende oterowo amakhala otsekemera, mawonekedwe a mitundu yambiri amakhala osachedwa, ndipo misa ndi yaying'ono (pafupifupi makilogalamu 4).

Funso lanzeru: momwe mungabzalire mavwende opanda mbewu? Pachifukwa ichi, mbewu zimapezeka pobzala mosiyana ndi mitundu ina, koma njirayi imatsogolera kuti kukula kwa mavwende opanda mbewu ndizovuta kwambiri kuposa masiku onse.

Zophatikiza zopanda mbewu ndi, mwachitsanzo, Imbar F1, Regus F1, Boston F1. Chifukwa chake, chivwende cha Boston F1 chimaphatikizidwa mu State Record of the Russian Federation ndipo chikulimbikitsidwa kuti chilimidwe m'chigawo cha North Caucasus. Chimatanthauzanso kucha kucha, ndikupanga tchire lalitali. Chipatsochi ndi chopindika, chobiriwira chopepuka, chili ndi mikwingwirima yopapatiza. Cholemera wamba chimafikira 4 kg, nthumwi zaumwini zimakula mpaka 10 kg, owonda khungu. Guwa ndi chokoma, chofiira kwambiri. Zipatsozo zimayendetsedwa bwino, koma osasunga masabata awiri mutakolola.

Ndemanga za mitundu ina

Chaka chatha ndidasankha kuyesa chifukwa cha "kupukusa" kukulitsa chivwende ku KALININGRAD! Ndidasankha kalasi yoyamba "Spark" ya kampani "Siberian Gardener". Kumera anali 100%. Kumanzere ma PC 2 okha., Ogwira ntchito kwambiri. Amaphukira mwezi uliwonse obzalidwa mu wowonjezera kutentha. Amakhala bwino ndi tomato m'deralo))) Osakwera, sindimayenera kuchotsa zochulukirapo))) Posakhalitsa mavwende awiri adawoneka pachomera chilichonse. Adapitilirabe kukwawa ndikufalikira patali, koma ndidalemba zonsezo, sitikhala ndi nthawi yakucha. Pakutha kwa Ogasiti, mavwende atatu 3 akhwima. Wachinayi analibe nthawi yakucha. Ang'ono kukula koma kulemera. Kuguza ndi kofiirira. Zambiri. Mafupa ang'onoang'ono! Mwambiri, ndimakondwera !!!

"Julia773"

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Sindinapange chibwenzi ndi Chill kwa nyengo ziwiri. Anamugwedeza dzanja, ngakhale zitatheka, mutha kuwapulumutsa mpaka Chaka Chatsopano. Ngakhale kulibe chipinda chapansi pa nyumba, ndiye pamtengo wolumikizidwa ndi loggia chimakhala mpaka matalala owala. Ndipo Chill ali ndi kukoma kotani - mavwende a mavwende onse.

"Wachijeremani"

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Ndipo ndimakonda mwana wa Suga Baby kapena mwana wa shuga, mavwende sakhala akulu kwambiri, koma okoma kwambiri komanso okoma.

Ninyureva

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Crimson Suite ndi mtundu wokucha msanga, ku Siberia - chinthu chomwechi !!!, wopatsa bwino ngakhale osati mavwende akuluakulu (pakadali pano makilogalamu 4), koma zaka zapitazi, zikuwoneka ngati kwa ine, panali pafupifupi 6-7 kg - Sindinayolere, chifukwa ndagula masikelo otsiriza okha kuyeza "ngwazi" yanga tsiku ndi tsiku. Zikuwoneka kuti kulemera kwa mavwende kumatha kuwonjezeka ndi kusintha kwazing'ono.

Ukolova

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Kukula mbande zamadzi

Kummwera ndi madera ambiri a Lower Volga dera, mavwende amatha kudzalidwa pofesa mwachindunji nthanga panthaka, koma m'malo osatentha kwenikweni chifukwa cha chikhalidwe, kukonzekera koyamba kumafunikira. Nthawi zina mbande zimayenera kulimidwa kumwera, ngati pali chidwi chofuna zipatso zamitundu yatsopano.

Kubzala mbewu za mbande

Ngati njere zidagulidwa m malo ogulitsira ena ndipo wopangayo sakukayikira, kukonzekera koyamba kwa mbewu sikofunikira. Koma ngati mbewuzo zachotsedwa pa chivwende chogulidwa chakudya, munthu ayenera kusamala. Choyamba, imasandulika kukhala chosakanizidwa, ndiye palibe chabwino. Kachiwiri, mbewu zimatha kukhala ndi zobisika za matenda, ndiye kuti ziyenera kupha tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Kuyang'ana mbewu kuti simere sikofunikira: ndizoyenera kwa zaka zosachepera 6 mu chivwende, koma kusankha yayikulu ndikoyenera.

Pakuteteza matenda, njere zimanyowetsedwa kwa mphindi 20-30 mu njira yamdima ya potaziyamu, kenako ndikutsukidwa ndi madzi. Mukamakulitsa mavwende m'chigawo chapakati komanso kumpoto, ndikofunika kuti mbewuyi iumirire (gwiritsitsani pafupifupi maola 12 mu nsalu yonyowa mufiriji). Gawoli lithandizanso popewa matenda ambiri. Mukapanda kuchita izi, mutha kumangolitsa nyemba musanabzare, koma kuwiritsa kumangopereka mwayi kwa masiku awiri okha mwachangu momwe mbewu zimamera, mutha kufesa ndi kupukuta.

Mbewu za mavwende ndizosavuta kusamalira: ndizokulirapo

Kutengera nthawi yomwe ingabzalidwe mbande ya masiku 35 pamalo otseguka kapena wowonjezera kutentha, zimapezeka kuti muyenera kufesa mbewu za mbande pakati kapena kumapeto kwa Epulo (kutengera dera). Popeza mavwende ndi opweteka kufesa, ndikwabwino kufesa mbewu yomweyo m'mbale zotalika ndi 250 ml ndi akuya pafupifupi 10 cm (mapaipi a peat amagwiritsidwa ntchito bwino). Monga njira yomaliza, kufesa koyambirira m'bokosi lalikulu ndikubzala miphika mosamala ndikotheka. Dothi - chisakanizo chofanana ndi dothi lamchenga, mchenga, humus ndi peat kapena osakaniza wogulidwa m'sitolo.

Tisanafesere, dothi limanyowa pang'ono ndipo mbewuzo zimayikiridwa mpaka 3 cm, ndikuthira pamtunda wa mchenga woyera masentimita 0.5-1. Mutha kuyika mbewu ziwiri mumphika (kenako chotsani mbande zowonjezera), kubzala m'bokosi wamba pambuyo pa 3-4 onani

Kusamalira Mbewu

Ndikosavuta kusamalira mbande. Mtengowo utangomera, "wosamalira mundawo" amayenera kuyikidwa m'dzuwa lowala ndipo matenthedwe amasintha pafupifupi 18 ° C, ndipo patatha masiku pang'ono, abwezeretseni ku 22 ° C masana ndi 18 ° C usiku. M'tsogolomu, ndikofunikira kuwunika momwe dothi limayendera ndi kuyatsa: maola masana ayenera kukhala osachepera maola 12, kotero, mwina, mbande zikuyenera kuwunikidwa pang'ono. Ndikofunikira kuthira pansi pazu, koma pang'ono: dothi liyenera kukhala lonyowa pang'ono.

Patatha masiku 5 mpaka 7 kuti mbande zikuluma, zimafunikira kuti ziwotchedwe: ngati kufesa kunali m'miphika, siyani kamodzi, ngati mu bokosi - chotsani zosafunikira. Tsiku litatha kupatulira, mutha kupereka kuvala kwapamwamba: njira yofooka ya feteleza wama mineral (malinga ndi malangizo) kapena kulowetsedwa kwa phulusa.

Pakatha mwezi umodzi, mbidzi zamadzi zimatha kubzala chitsamba chachikulu

Sabata imodzi asanabzalidwe m'nthaka, mbande za mavwende zimaphunzitsidwa kuti zizimva mpweya wabwino, nthawi ndi nthawi zimapita kukhonde. Pofika nthawi yobzala m'mundamo, uyenera kukhala zitsamba zolimba ndi masamba 4-5 enieni.

Kodi ndizotheka kusankha mbande za mavwende

M'malingaliro achikale, kusankha mavwende ndikosavomerezeka: kuwonongeka kochepa kwambiri pamizu yapakati kumabweretsa kuti ntchito ina idzakhala yopanda tanthauzo: ngakhale mbande sizifa, simuyenera kudikira mbewu yokhazikika. Koma ngati kufesa kudachitidwa m'bokosi wamba, pomwe tsamba lokwanira limayamba, mutha kudzala mavwende m'miphika, kutula mbande iliyonse ndi dothi labwino popanda kuphwanya mizu. Izi zitha kuchitika pokhapokha ngati muli ndi odziwa zambiri pakulima ndipo ngati kuli kofunikira: kuti mbande sizimva kuti zanyengedwa.

Kanema: Malangizo okukula mbande za chivwende

Chisamaliro Chapanja Chosamalira

Madzi ndi chomera chofunda komanso chowoneka bwino, motero, chimabzidwa pa nthawi yoyambirira ya kutentha kwenikweni komanso pabedi lamadzi. Ngakhale kuti chitsamba chachikulire sichikuwoneka chachikulu kwambiri, chivwende chimafunikira malo ambiri, kubzala sikuyenera kukhala kokhazikika: chikhalidwe ichi chimakonda danga.

Kubzala mavwende m'malo otseguka

Chivwende chimayikidwa pamalo otetezedwa ku mphepo zakumpoto; ngati ndi kotheka - pa phiri laling'ono kuti madzi asasunthike, pomwe mizu imatha kuvunda. Dothi labwino kwambiri ndi loam yopepuka kapena loam sandy ndi sing'anga pafupi ndi ndale. Ndikwabwino kuwabzala m'malo omwe adyo, anyezi, nandolo kapena kabichi adakula chaka chatha. Musabzale chivwende mutatha masamba owerengeka. Za onse okhala m'munda, bedi lamundawo liyenera kukonzedwa mu kugwa, kukumba dothi ndi feteleza aliyense, kupatula manyowa atsopano. Tisanabzale mbande, dothi liyenera kumasulidwa ndikuwonjezera lita imodzi ya phulusa pa mita imodzi. Amakonda mavwende ndi magnesium, chifukwa chake ndikofunika kupanga feteleza wokhala ndi magnesium mumtengo yaying'ono (pafupifupi 5 g pa 1 mita²).

Mavwende amabzalidwa pomwe kutentha kwa masana kumakhala mwa dongosolo la 15-20 ^zaC, ndi usiku - osati wotsika kuposa 8 ^zaC. Mtunda pakati pa mbewu pamunda waukulu umatha kupirira kuchokera ku 1.5 mpaka 3 metres, koma kumtunda, kulibe malo ambiri. Komabe, mabowo sangathe kuyandikana kuposa wina ndi theka, koma ndibwino kugwiritsa ntchito chiwembu cha 100 x 70 cm.

Mbewu zamadzi zimasunthidwa kupita kumabedi monga momwe zimakhalira:

1. M'malo osankhidwa, amapanga phokoso lalikulu kwambiri kuposa miphika yokhala ndi mbande.
2. Hafu yagalasi la phulusa imabweretsedwa m'maenje okumbamo, sakanizani bwino ndi dothi ndikupepuka pang'ono.
3. Kutenga mbande zamadzi mosamala (osawononga mizu), zibzalani, pang'ono pang'ono.
4. Chitsamba chilichonse chimathiridwa ndi madzi ofunda pansi pa muzu, kenako mchenga woyera umathiridwa pabedi ndikuyala pafupifupi 1 cm, ndikuyika pang'ono mozungulira chomera chilichonse.

Kuthirira

Chivwende chimalekerera chilala bwino ndipo sichifunikira kuthirira kwambiri. Thirirani kokha mpaka chipatso chikapangidwa, chinyezi chimafunikira makamaka panthawi yamitengo ya masamba. Maluwa asanafike maluwa, dothi liyenera kukhala lonyowa pang'ono, koma osati lonyowa. Ndikofunikira kuthira pansi pa muzu, ndibwino madzulo, madzi pofika nthawi ino akuwotha dzuwa. Pambuyo kuthirira, kumasula mosaya ndikofunikira. Zimaphatikizidwa ndi udzu, koma pamene tchire limakula, chivwende chokha chimachepetsa namsongole, ndipo udzu umatha kuiwalika posachedwa.

Mukuthira ndikucha zipatso za chivwende, nthaka, m'malo mwake, imayuma pang'ono: pofika nthawi iyi, mizu yamphamvu imapangidwa mu chivwende, kulowa mpaka pakuya mita ndikupeza chinyezi chokwanira kuchokera pamenepo. Mvula yamkuntho yomwe imagwera theka lachiwiri la chilimwe, m'malo mwake, imawononga mtundu wa mbewu, ndikupangitsa zipatsozo kukhala zosakoma.

Mavalidwe apamwamba

Madzi amadya pang'ono; Kusamala kwakukulu kuyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito pogwiritsa ntchito feteleza wa nayitrogeni, ndibwino kuti musagwiritse ntchito pokhapokha pakufunika: nayitrogeni yomwe ili mu feteleza wovuta ikhale yokwanira. Koyamba kuvala pamwamba kumayambitsidwa sabata ndi theka mutatha kuperekera mavwende m'munda, kachiwiri mwezi wotsatira. Ndikwabwino kutenga infusions wa mullein, ndikuwonjezera phulusa la nkhuni, ndipo ngati kulibe - ammofosk kapena azofosk (mogwirizana ndi malangizo a mankhwalawo). Zipatso zikangomangidwa, kudyetsa kuyenera kuyimitsidwa: chivwende chimapeza chakudya chake.

Ndizotheka kuchita kuvala kwapamwamba ndi mankhwala apadera a ma gourds

Kupangidwe kwa chitsamba (kupindika mabatani, kudula zingwe zopitilira muyeso ndikuphwanya mizere)

Mukukula kwa chitsamba, ma botoni a mavwende amayenera kusinthidwa nthawi ndi nthawi kuti asalumikizane. Koma izi ndizotalikirapo kwambiri: ndikofunikira kupanga chitsamba molondola, kuchotsa mphukira zochulukirapo nthawi ndi nthawi. Mukamapanga chomera cha mavwende, ntchito yayikulu ndikuti sichigwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zake pakukula kwa masamba obiriwira osafunikira, ndikuwongolera michere yambiri pakupanga ndi kucha kwa mbewu. Kuphatikiza apo, zipatso zina zimayenera kuchotsedwa, popeza zonse zomwe zimamangidwa, chitsamba sichingathe kupereka chakudya ngakhale pamayiko achonde kwambiri. Ntchito zonse zodulira ziyenera kuchitika tsiku lopanda dzuwa kuti odulira kapena kutsina ayambe kufunda.

Njira yopangidwira imadalira malo omwe mavwende amakulira. Ntchitoyi ndiyofunika kwambiri kumadera akumpoto, komwe nthawi yachilimwe ndiyofupikitsa, ndipo tsiku lililonse lotentha ndilofunika pankhani yakucha. Kuphatikiza apo, njira ya njirayi imatanthauzanso mtundu wa chivwende: Kupanga chitsamba ndikofunikira kwambiri kwa mitundu yayikulu-zipatso. Ntchito zonse pakugawa mbewuzo ziyenera kuchitika pomwe zipatsozo zikukula kuchokera ku dzira la nkhuku. Pali njira zingapo zopangira chomera cha mavwende oyenera.

• Malinga ndi kusankha koyamba, zipatso zitatu kapena zisanu ndi chimodzi zimatsalira pa tsinde lalikulu (kutengera kukula kwake), ndipo mazira onse amachotsedwa kumapeto. Nthawi yomweyo, mphukira zam'malo siziloledwa kukula ndikuwadina pamwamba pa pepala lachinayi. Tanthauzo losiya mphukira zazifupi ndikupereka chakudya cha tsinde lalikulu. Koma zipatso zikamakula, mphukira zamtundu zimachotsedwa pang'onopang'ono, kuyambira omwe ali pafupi kwambiri ndi mizu.
• Mosiyana ndi izi, m'malo mwake, zipatso zimamera kumbali imodzi, ndikusiyira mabulosi amodzi (chifukwa champhamvu tchire - yayitali kwambiri), ndipo zonse - kuchokera pa 4 mpaka 6 toyesa pachitsamba chilichonse. Masamba atatu atsalira zipatso, kutsina masamba ena onse. Zipatso zopangidwa pa tsinde lalikulu zimachotsedwa.
• Njira yovuta kwambiri ndikusakusiya konse mphukira. Pafupifupi zipatso zisanu zatsalira pa tsinde lalikulu, koma kuti pakati pawo pali masamba 4-5. Amakhulupirira kuti zakudya zomwe masambawa amayenera kukhala ndi zipatso zokwanira kupanga zipatso, makamaka ngati mitunduyo sizitanthauza kuti mwina angapeze zipatso zazikulu kwambiri.

Momwe mungadziwire njira zomwe mungasankhire? Zikuwoneka kuti wokhala pachilimwe wamba sizomveka kuganiza za izi, koma ingokumbukirani malamulo ochepa:

• osasiya zipatso zopitilira zisanu kuthengo;
• pa mphukira iliyonse imangotaya mabulosi amodzi kokha ngati pali mitundu yayikulu-yayikulu ndipo yoposa awiri ngati ilibe zipatso zazing'ono;
• chivwende chikakula, ndiye kuti masamba 4-5 azikhala pamwamba pake.

Ngakhale kupangidwa kwa chitsamba kukuwoneka kwamphumphu komanso kukula kwa zipatso ndi kuchuluka kwa zochulukazo zikuyamba, ma stepons nthawi ndi nthawi amawonekera kuchokera kuzokhumudwitsa zamasamba - masamba owonjezera. Ndikofunika kupanga lamulo kuyendera zotupa sabata lililonse ndikupeza ana opeza, osawalola kuti awonjezere kukula. Zowona, panthawiyi ndikosakhala kofunika kutembenuza zingwe zamkati, kotero izi zikuyenera kuchitika mosamala kwambiri. Zipatso zikamakula, plywood kapena matabwa ayenera kuyikiridwa pansi pawo kuti zisavunde nyengo yachilala, yogona pansi ponyowa.

Njira zonse zomwe zimapangidwira kupangira mbewu za chivwende zimaphatikizira kuphukira ndizambiri ndikusiya zipatso zochepa kuthengo

Momwe mungakulitsire chivwende chachikulu ("Japan" tekinoloje)

Mavwende amtundu wokulira (makamaka, cubic) ndi abwino chifukwa amatenga malo ocheperako posunga kapena kunyamula mbewu. "Chozizwitsa" ichi chilibe maubwino enanso, ndipo palibe chifukwa choyesera icho. Koma okonda zoterezi amatha kupeza zipatso zowoneka bwino kuchokera kumitundu iliyonse yomwe amakonda. Kuti muchite izi, muyenera kupanga makabotiki apulasitiki owoneka bwino oyenera.

Kodi zotsatilazi zikutanthauza chiyani? Maso a nkhope ya kanyalawo ayenera kukhala okulirapo pang'ono kuposa mulifupi wa chivwende chomwe akufuna, chomwe chidzakula mu thanki iyi. M'nyumba yopapatiza kwambiri, chivwende sichitha kucha, ndipo lalikulu kwambiri sichikhala "lalikulu": mbali 6 zokhazokha ndizomwe zingapezeke. Kuti khungubwe liyambenso kusinthika, iyenera kukhala yolumikizika, ndipo kumaso kwina mukuyenera kupanga dzenje ndi mainchesi a 3-4 cm kuti muthawe ndi chipatso. Kuphatikiza apo, mumafunikira mipata ingapo yocheperako, kupatula mabulosi omwe ali mu cube amangowola.

Vwende yamtsogolo ikubwera imakhala pafupifupi moyo wake wonse mkati mwa kiyuni yowoneka

Ndiye zonse ndizosavuta. Vwende ikangokulitsa kukula kwa apulo, imayikidwa mu nkhungu ndikupitiliza chisamaliro chofananira, ndikuwona momwe ikumvera. Muyenera kuthilira madzi pang'ono, kutembenuzira khungubwi, kusuntha chipatso mmenemo chaching'ono. Koma akangokula ndikuyamba kupuma moyang'anizana ndi tsinde, azikhala ngati njerwa. Mwachidziwikire, momwemonso ndizotheka kukulitsa osati mavwende a cubic, komanso, mwachitsanzo, omwe ndi pyramidal.

Matenda Aakulu ndi Chithandizo cha Tizilombo

Madzi ndi chomera chotentha, koma chotsalacho sichichita chilichonse. Ndi chisamaliro choyenera, sichidwala kapena kugwidwa ndi tizirombo. Nthawi zambiri, m'masewera amateur, ngakhale kupopera mbewu kumafunika; m'mafamu akulu, mwachidziwikire, njira zochizira matenda zimachitika. Popewa matenda omwe angathe kutheka (zowola, zodontha, zopopera, anthracnose), mwachitsanzo, mankhwala odziwika bwino monga Fundazol kapena Decis, komanso madzi amtundu wa Bordeaux. Aliyense wa iwo amatha kuwononga tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, ndipo ngati ndi kotheka, muyenera kuphunzira malangizo mosamala.

Madzi am'madzi ali ndi tizirombo tochepa. Chofala kwambiri - nsabwe za m'masamba, ma wireworms, nkhupakupa zosiyanasiyana. Kuwopseza ambiri a iwo, ndikokwanira kupopera mavwende ndi zinthu zochokera m'munda wamaluwa kapena kukonzekera kosavuta kwapanyumba. Chifukwa chake, motsutsana ndi nsabwe za m'masamba zimathandizira kulowetsedwa kwa fumbi la fodya kapena phulusa la nkhuni (ndi zina zowonjezera za sopo ochapira). Nyongolotsi zazingwe ndi masamba obwera masamba zimakololedwa pojambula mu nyambo zokoma zopezeka m'maenje ang'onoang'ono: infusions wokometsera wa adyo, mpiru, chowawa, tsabola wotentha, nsonga zamtundu wa phwetekere.

Kututa ndi kusunga

Mbewu ikafika nthawi yakucha, funso limadzuka kuti: mavwende adzadulidwa liti? Kupatula apo, chowonadi ndichakuti zipatso zokhwima bwino sizisungidwa bwino, ndipo ngati mukufuna kudya chivwende chotsekemera kuchokera m'mundamo, muyenera kudikirira mpaka chitakhala chokoma monga momwe mitundu ingalolere. Zosungidwa bwino komanso mavwende amenewo omwe sanafike pachiwonetsero chokhwima cha kukhwima.

Zachidziwikire, mpaka mutadula chivwende, simudziwa zomwe zili mkati: nthawi zina ngakhale olima mavwende odziwika bwino amalakwitsa. Kudula ndikosavuta: ngati mtundu wa zamkati ndi mbewu zikumana ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana, chivwende chakonzeka. Mtundu wocheperako (thupi ndi lopepuka kuposa momwe limakhalira) limatha kukhwima kwathunthu ndikusunga shuga nthawi yosungirako. Koma simudzadula zipatsozo m'mundamo!

Pali zizindikiro zingapo zakupsa:

• chivwende chikacha, matte pamwamba pa peel imasandulika kukhala yonyezimira;
• kutumphuka kumayenera kukhala kolimba osati kosemedwa ndi kupsinjika ndi kuwala ndi chala;
• mu chivwende chakucha kwathunthu, phesi limawuma;
• chizindikiro chabwino ndi malo achikaso pamalo pomwe chivwende chinalumikizana ndi pansi kapena zinyalala;
• ngati mumagogoda pa chivwende, ndiye kuti zotsalira zake zimapanga mkokomo. Matani ophatikizidwa ali opsa kwathunthu, mwanjira yomweyo, zobiriwira (chabwino, kusiyanitsa pakati pawo sizovuta).

Zabwino kwambiri ndi mavwende okhala mocha kwambiri, koma ziyenera kuchotsedwanso molondola. Zipatsozo zimadulidwa ndi secateurs kapena ndi mpeni wakuthwa palimodzi ndi peduncle kutalika kwa 5. cm. Mukamadzasungidwa kumalo osungira, mavwende amayenera kugona pang'onopang'ono, ndipo mu chosungiramo chokha komanso zinyalala, bwino kuposa udzu, komanso kokha pamtunda umodzi. Pakusungidwa, ziyenera kuwunikidwa nthawi ndi nthawi, kutaya nthawi ndikuyamba kuwonongeka. Kutentha kwabwino kwambiri kumayambira 6 mpaka 8 ° C, chinyezi sichikulirapo 85%. Koma ngakhale mitundu yofatsa kwambiri sitha kukhala moyo wopitilira miyezi itatu.

Kulima mavwende kunyumba (ndowa)

Ngati nyumbayo ili ndi windowsill kapena khonde, mutha kukulira mavwende. Zowona, zimafuna malo aulere ambiri, ndipo ndizosatheka kupeza mabulosi olemera kuposa 1 kg. Ntchito yonseyo imakhala magawo omwewo monga nthawi zonse, pokhapokha pamiphika zing'onozing'ono, mbewu zokhala ndi dothi lapansi zimasunthidwa mumphika waukulu, ndikuwonjezera ndowa, makamaka 15 malita. Zachidziwikire, mutha kufesa mbewu nthawi yomweyo mumtsuko (osayiwala kupanga mabowo pansi).

Pa chomera chimodzi kunyumba, simungasiye zipatso zoposa ziwiri, koma mutabzyala bwino. Ndipo adzakhazikitsidwa pokhapokha ngati atapukutidwa.

Mwiniyo ayenera kudziwa momwe maluwa achikazi amasiyanirana ndi maluwa amphongo, ndi mungu kuchokera kumaluwa achimuna (patsinde lakuonda) ayenera kupukutidwa mwaufulu ndi mkazi (wokhala ndi duwa laling'ono).

Zotsalira - muyenera kuyang'anira kutentha, chinyezi cha nthaka ndikupatsa chivwende kuwala kwambiri.

Mavwende obiriwira, kugwiritsa ntchito maukonde

M'malo ozizira nyengo, mavwende amatha kukhala okhazikika mu wowonjezera kutentha. Mabedi amakonzedwa pasadakhale, kuyambitsa feteleza wa humus ndi mchere mwa iwo. Mbewu zamadzi zimabzalidwa pomwe kutentha kwa usiku mu wowonjezera kutentha sikutsikira pansi 6 ^zaNdi izi pakati pa Russia zimachitika kumapeto kwa Epulo. Ngakhale, zoona, mu wowonjezera kutentha mutha kubzala mavwende ndi mbewu, nthawi yomweyo m'munda.

Popeza muyenera kusunga malo mu wowonjezera kutentha, mavwende amabzalidwa pang'ono kakulidwe, ndipo ma trellises amakonzedwa kuti akuwongolere. Nthawi zambiri mbewu zimabzalidwa molingana ndi 50 x 70 cm, ndipo mitundu yoyambayo imabzala mbewu ziwiri pa bowo, ndikuwongolera mphukira mbali zosiyanasiyana. Ngati mawindo ndi zitseko zomwe zili mu wowonjezera kutentha zimasungidwa pafupifupi nthawi zonse, nthawi yoyenera sipangakhale tizilombo touluka mmalo mwake, palibe mphepo pamenepo, kotero, kupukutira koyambira ndikofunikira.

Ngati mavwende atakula pa trellis, zipatsozo sizikhala pansi, koma kutalika kwake, zimatha kugwa zikamakula. Pamenepa, zipatsozo zikakula mpaka kukula kwa apulo, nthawi zambiri zimayikidwa mu maukonde akulu azinthu zilizonse zomwe zimamangiriridwa kwathunthu ku trellis. Potere, zipatso sizimagona pansi ndipo chifukwa chake, musavunda. Kuphatikiza apo, akakhala mu gululi, amayatsidwa bwino pang'ono kuchokera kumbali zonse, zomwe zimatsogolera pakucha kale.

Maukonde omwe amaikidwa pa trellis amalola mavwende kuti asagwere ndipo ndibwino kuti zipse

Kulima mbiya, kutsata mafilimu

Anthu athu okhala kutchuthi ndizoyesera zodziwika, ndipo pofuna kupulumutsa malo, apeza njira zambiri zokulitsa mbewu zamasamba. Chifukwa chake, masamba ambiri, maluwa komanso sitiroberi nthawi zambiri amabzala m'miphika zakale zosakwanira ndi malita 200. Mutha kuchita izi ndi mavwende. Zinyalala zosiyanasiyana zimayikidwa pansi pa barrel, yomwe imagwira ntchito ngati ngalande, ndipo ikayamba kuwola, ifenso feteleza. Udzu wapamwamba, humus wabwino, komanso nthaka yachonde. Popeza mbiya yachitsulo imawotha bwino padzuwa, gawo lapansi ili limakhalabe lotentha.

Mu mbiya, mutha kubzala mbewu kapena kubzala mbande (kutengera nyengo), koma mulimonsemo, choyamba muyenera kuphimba chivwende ndi zinthu zopanda nsalu. Malo okwanira okwanira mbuto ziwiri. Palibenso chifukwa cha trellis, ndipo timinofu tating'onoting'ono timakhala pansi, pomwe maluwa amawonekera padziko lapansi, kenako ndi zipatso. Kusamalira mavwende ndichizolowezi, koma mungafunikire kuthirira kwambiri.

Anthu ena okhala m'chilimwe m'malo mwazovala zosakongoletsa amaphimba mbande zobzalidwa ndi pulasitiki. Monga gawo kanthawi kochepa, njirayi ingagwiritsidwe ntchito, koma kudziwonetsa nthawi yayitali m'mavwende omwe ali pansi pa kanema kumatha kubweretsa mizu. Kanemayo amatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito pabedi wamba wamba, komanso mu wowonjezera kutentha, koma kwa nthawi yochepa chabe. Ntchito yake yokhayo ndikuphimba mbewu kuti apange mpweya wobiriwira kutulutsa mphukira mwachangu. Mtsogolomo, mutha kupanga mabowo a mbande ndikugwira filimuyo kwakanthawi kuti nthaka isazizire. Koma kukonza kwakanthawi kochepa pansi pa polyethylene kwa mavwende kumaphetsa.

Zolemba za mavwende okulira m'magawo osiyanasiyana

Kulima kwa mavwende osavulala kumakhala kotheka kum'mwera, kumadera ena kuli malamulo, koma onse cholinga chawo ndi kupanga mabulosi otentha a mabulosi awa.

Mavwende Kumwera kwa Russia

Madera akumwera (kuyambira ndi Volgograd) mbande zimangokhala ndi okonda omwe akufuna kubzala mbewu zoyambirira kwambiri.Popanga mafakitale, mavwende amafesedwa nthawi yomweyo, kuyambira pakati pa masika. Amathiriridwa kamodzi kokha, maluwa asanayambe, kenako vwende, ndikutinso limakula lokha.

Kuyamba kale kuchokera kudera la Central Black Earth, zosankha ndizotheka. Pano, kulima kumagwiritsidwa ntchito pobzala mbeu zonse, ndipo popanda iyo, ndikubzala m'mundamu ndizotheka kumayambiriro kwa Meyi. Ma greenhouse nthawi zambiri safunika.

Kwa nthawi yoyamba, anthu ambiri okhala chilimwe amaphimba mbewuzo ndi filimu. Ena amafesa mavwende mutabzala mbatata pampando wopanda. Popeza theka lachiwiri la Juni sanamwe madzi konse, mpweya nthawi zambiri umakhala wokwanira.

Madera apakati a Russia, dera la Ural

M'madera apakati a dzikolo, makamaka ku Urals, mbewu zimatha kukolola pokhapokha ndi mbande. Mbande (makamaka m'miphika za peat) zimabzalidwe m'munda kumapeto kwa masika, koma kulima wowonjezera kutentha kumagwiritsidwanso ntchito, kubzala mbande mukangotha ​​tchuthi cha Meyi. Mitundu yoyambirira yokha imagwiritsidwa ntchito: Ogonyok, Skorik, Sibiryak, komanso ngati nyengo yachilimwe yopanda pake, ngakhale sangakhwime ndipo amangogwiritsa ntchito mchere.

Mukabzala m'malo obzala masamba, mavwende ambiri osinthika ndi nkhaka, ngakhale izi sizingaganizidwe kuti ndizovomerezeka: mavwende amakhala m'zigawo zouma, ndipo nkhaka zimafunikira mpweya wonyowa. Koma ndi mpweya wabwino wa panthawi yake komanso kusamalira bwino kutentha, mbewu zonse ziwiri zimabweretsa zipatso zabwino.

Kanema: Mavwende okulira mu wowonjezera kutentha

Dera la North-West, Chigawo cha Leningrad

Posachedwa, amakhulupirira kuti sizowona bwino kulima mavwende kutchire kumpoto chakumadzulo kwa dzikolo, koma m'zaka zaposachedwa pakhala pali malipoti omwe akuwonetsa kuti okonda kuchita izi ngakhale ku Karelia ndi kudera la Murmansk. Zowona, mwayi umasiyanasiyana ndipo zimatengera momwe chilimwe chidakhalira, ndipo zipatso sizokoma kwambiri. Koma m'malo obiriwira, mavwende ku Leningrad Region akhala akukula kwa nthawi yayitali ndipo amachita bwino. Koma kulima wowonjezera kutentha kumaphatikizapo kugwiritsa ntchito mitundu yoyambirira yokha ndipo pamafunika kuyesetsa kwakukulu. Pakati pa akatswiri a sayansi ya zakuthambo, akukhulupirira kuti malire osavomerezeka a mavwende okulira, ngakhale m'malo obiriwira, amathamangira mzere wa St. Petersburg - Kirov: kumadera akumpoto kwambiri, "masewerawa sayenera kukhala ndi kandulo."

Mavwende ku Far East

Kutentha kudera la Far Eastern ndikokwanira kuti mavwende azikula momasuka, palinso mitundu ina yosanja, mwachitsanzo, Ogonyok, Ranniy Kuban, Skorik, ngakhale kuli kotheka kupsa mtundu wina uliwonse, kupatula ochedwa kwambiri. Kufesa mbewu mwachindunji m'mundamo, ndizowopsa, motero amachita njere.

Kusiyanitsa pakati paukadaulo waku Far East ndi wamwambo ndikuti mu theka lachiwiri la chilimwe nthawi zambiri kumakhala mvula zazitali komanso zazikulu, chifukwa chomwe mavwende amatha kuvunda. Zimatha kupirira izi mophweka: zimabzalidwe pazitali zazitali, pomwe madzi ochuluka amatuluka. Kukula kwa zitunda ndi kulikonse komwe mungagwiritse ntchito. Mu nyumba zanyumba zam'chilimwe, amazipanga pafupifupi mita, kutalika kwa mizere mpaka kutalika kwa 20-25 cm.

Ukraine

Ukraine ndi dziko lachiwiri lalikulu kwambiri ku Europe, chifukwa chake nyengo ndiyotengera kwambiri dera. Ndipo ngati kumpoto kwa dzikolo kumawoneka ngati kufupi ndi Moscow, ndiye kumwera ndikofunika kulimidwa kwa ma gourds. Kumwera kwa Ukraine sakudziwa tanthauzo la "mbande", mavwende amafesedwa mwachindunji m'munda kapena m'munda kumapeto kwa Epulo - koyambirira kwa Meyi, ndipo kuwasamalira ndikochepa. Kumpoto, kufesa mbewu m'mundamu ndizotheka (kumapeto kwa masika), ndi kubzala mbande zisanakhazikike.

Kukula mavwende sikuti nthawi zonse kuli lothota: zokhala ndi luso linalake komanso mwayi, zipatso zabwinobwino zimathanso kupezeka ku Russia. Ndipo kale pamitunda yakumwera kwa Kursk kapena Saratov mabulosi otereredwa ndi chikhalidwe cha anthu ogona. Mutha kusangalala ndi zipatso zokoma kuchokera kumunda, mwakuyesayesa, koma ndizochepa: ukadaulo wokulitsa ma gourour upezeka kwa aliyense wokhala chilimwe.