Mphesa zakhala zitakhala zosowa ngakhale kwa anthu a ku Central ndi kumpoto.
Ndipotu, ngakhale nthawi yochepa ya chilimwe, n'zotheka kutenga osati mitundu yokha ndi kuchala, komanso ndi kukoma kwake.
Pa nthawi yomweyo, dera lirilonse liri ndi zidziwikiritso za agronomy.
Mwachitsanzo, pakukula mphesa ku dera la Moscow, chidwi chiyenera kulipidwa phindu lalikulu: m'mikhalidwe yotereyi, matenda ambiri a minda ya mpesa samadziwonetsera okha, ndipo tizilombo sizilumikiza.
Motero, mphesa za ku Moscow zimakhala zosavuta kukula, makamaka popeza mutha kupeza mitundu yosiyana siyana.
Mphesa kwa dera la Moscow: mitundu ndi makhalidwe awo
M'munsimu tidzayesa kulingalira mosiyanasiyana momwe zingathere mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mphesa yomwe ili yabwino kuti ikule m'midzi. Zonsezi zimakhala ndi nthawi yoyamba yakucha, zomwe zimatsimikizira kuti akhoza kucha kucha zipatso, ngakhale pamene nyengo sizitsulo zonse.
Tikukuwonetsani za pinki, zobiriwira ndi zamphesa zamphesa, zomwe ziri ndi zizindikiro zosiyana za kukoma ndi zokolola makhalidwe.
Mitundu yofiira ya mphesa "Kishmishi Radiant" - chimphona chachikulu cha dera la Moscow
- Mbalame zambirizi ndizo za Kishmish Rosovy mphesa, zidadutsa ndi Cardinal zosiyanasiyana.
- Zomwe zingasamalire, koma zosiyana.
Izi zosiyanasiyana ndi bwino kwa zinthu za Moscow dera, kotero mosamala, ngakhale mphesa imodzi chitsamba chikhoza kusangalatsa ndi mbewu zambiri. Masamba a masamba omwe amamera pamtunda, amafika pamtunda wa makilogalamu 0,6, ngakhale amatha kufika pa kilogalamu imodzi.
Zipatso zamakono, zazikulu (2.4-2.2 masentimita) ndi kulemera (mpaka 4 magalamu). Pafupifupi 70 peresenti ya mphukira za chitsamba cha Kishmish Radiant zimabereka zipatso.
Zipatso za mtunduwu zimakhala zoyambirira kapena zamkati, pafupi masiku 120-130 kuchokera kumayambiriro kwa chitsamba cholowera m'nyengo yokula. Pochotsa mbewu zonse, nthawi zambiri zimayamba pa September 1, ngakhale kuti masamba oyamba opsa angathe kuchotsedwa pakati pa mwezi wa August. Kotero, mu zochitika za dera la Moscow, fruiting ya mphesa iyi ikhoza kutambasula pang'ono.
Kodi mphesa iti "Kishmishi Radiant" ndi yamtengo wapatali kwa: ubwino waukulu wa zosiyanasiyana
- Zipatso ndi magulu ndi zokongola kwambiri.
- Zabwino musky kukoma, yowutsa mudyo ndi khirisipi zamkati wa zipatso.
- Kukalamba bwino kwa mphukira.
- Pa mphukira imodzi akhoza kupangidwa kuchokera kumodzi mpaka awiri masango.
- Mbewu ikhoza kunyamulidwa bwino, pamene iyo siidapweteke.
- Zosiyanasiyana zimadziwika ndi kusunga bwino zipatso.
Ngakhale phindu lonse la zokolola za mitundu iyi ya mphesa, liri ndi zovuta zingapo, chifukwa chake amalingaliridwa kwambiri.
- Kuopa kwambiri chisanu, kumangotentha kokha -15ºС.
- Kuphimba chitsamba sikungokhala m'nyengo yozizira, komanso nthawi yachisanu ya chisanu, chifukwa imatha kuvulaza mphesa.
- Chofunika kwambiri kusamalira, makamaka kudulira ndi kumanga chitsamba.
- Chifukwa chosoŵa zakudya, kuchuluka kwa chinyezi kunachepetsa kukoma kwa mphesa.
Oyambirira kucha mphesa kwa Moscow dera mitundu "Tason"
- Zotsatira za kusankhidwa kwa asayansi achi Russia omwe anagwiritsa ntchito banja lotero, monga mphesa "Italy" ndi "Zorevoy".
- Masamba osiyanasiyana ndi chiwerengero cha makhalidwe abwino.
Chifukwa cha chitsamba champhamvu cha izi zosiyanasiyana zokolola amazibweretsa mokwanira. Ambiri a mulu umodzi ndi 0.5-0.6 kilogalamu, ngakhale ena akhoza kulemera 1.2 kilograms. Mitengo yokongola, yokutidwa ndi mtundu wofiira, imakhalanso ndi kukula kwakukulu - 2.5 x1.8 masentimita.
Zosiyanasiyana zimakhala zofalitsidwa ndi cuttings. Zokolola zabwino zimaperekedwanso ndi kuchuluka kwa chiwerengero cha mphukira zowonjezera - pafupifupi 55%.
Zoterezi zimangotchulidwa kuti ndizoyambirira, popeza nyengo yakukula ya chitsamba chawo imangotha masiku 100 mpaka 110 okha. Kotero, ngakhale kumidzi kuti ayambe kusonkhanitsa mphesa zakupsa "Tason" zikhoza kukhala kumapeto kwa August.
Kukula kwa zipatso zidzasonyezedwa ndi mtundu wakunja ndi kukoma kokoma ndi kukoma kwabwino (shuga wothira chipatso ndi 21%).
Kodi ubwino wa mphesa "Tason" ndi chiyani?
- Zipatso za mphesazi zili ndi kukoma kwabwino ndi maonekedwe a onse awiri ndi mphesa.
- Zokolola ndi zabwino komanso zosavuta kunyamula.
- Coefficient of fruiting mu kalasi iyi ndi ofanana ndi 1.1.
- Zili bwino kuteteza kutentha kwa nyengo yozizira ndipo sizionongeka ndi chisanu pa -23 ºС.
- Momwemo sizimakhudzidwa ndi matenda oterewa monga minda ya mpesa monga mame ndi mame, popeza chitsamba chimakula mofulumira. Kulimbana ndi imvi zowola.
Chosowa chachikulu cha chitsamba cha mphesa "Tason" chikulingalira osati mkulu kukana matenda a fungal. Chotsatira chake, chimafuna mankhwala ochiritsira nthawi zonse ndi mankhwala ophera tizilombo. Inde, ngakhale kuti matenda sangathe kuopseza zokolola, koma chitsamba chosakhudzidwa sichidzatha kusangalatsa mphesa zabwino chaka chamawa.
Ndizosangalatsa kuwerenga za mitundu ya pinki mphesa.
Mbali za mphesa zoyamba "Crystal"
- Zosiyanasiyana ndi zotsatira za kusankha kovuta kwa mphesa "Vilar Blanc", yomwe idadutsa ndi kuphatikiza mitundu ya mphesa ya Amursky ndi Challotsi Lajos.
- "Crystal" imatanthawuza mitundu yothandizira, yomwe ndiyotanthauza kuti winemaking.
Mitundu yosiyanasiyanayi imaonedwa kuti ndi yololera, ngakhale kukula kwa masango ake ndisankhulidwe. Unyinji wa gulu limodzi nthawi zambiri ndi 170 kapena 200 magalamu.. Zipatso, motero, ndizozing'ono - pafupifupi 2 magalamu. Koma ngakhale izi, ndi mphamvu ya kukula kwa chitsamba, zimatha kunyamula mosavuta maso 60. Motero, kupeza masango ang'onoang'ono, mumapeza chiwerengero chachikulu.
Mitundu ya mphesayi imakhalanso akutanthauza oyambirira. Kawirikawiri mawu akuti kubzala mbewu amabwera pambuyo pa masiku 110-115 kuchokera pamene mpesa ukufalikira. Pansi pa zochitika za m'chigawo cha Moscow, nthawiyi ingachedwe kwa masiku asanu ndi awiri, koma, makamaka, mphesa zipse bwino bwino komanso zogwirizana.
Kukula kwa mbeu kumasonyezanso mtundu wobiriwira kapena wachikasu wa zipatso, komanso kutulutsa zipatso (prong) ndi kukoma kwa chipatso.
Makhalidwe abwino a zosiyanasiyana:
- Zipatso za mphesa za zosiyanasiyana ndi maonekedwe okongola komanso ogwirizana kukoma.
- Pafupifupi 18 peresenti ya mankhwala opangidwa a "Crystal" zipatso ndi shuga.
- Zokongola kwambiri, chifukwa makalata a 90% a mphukira za mpesa ndibala zipatso.
- Chokowa cha zokolola za mphesa "Crystal" ndi 1.3.
- Chitsamba chili ndi zozizwitsa zozizira kwambiri (mpaka -29ºє), zomwe ndizofunika kwambiri ku Moscow.
- Osakhudzidwa ndi nkhungu yakuda.
- Kalasi yabwino kwambiri yopanga vinyo wouma.
Kuipa mphesa "Crystal", yomwe idzayang'ane ndi vinyo:
- Mphesa nthawi zambiri zimakhudzidwa ndi matenda a fungus, chifukwa chake zimadalira mankhwala opatsirana a chitsamba.
- N'zosatheka kulola kutsetsereka kwa denga la chitsamba cha mphesa, chifukwa izi zidzachititsa kukhetsa kwa ovary ndi zokolola zochepa.
- Zizindikiro za acidity ndi shuga wokhutira mphesa za zosiyanasiyana zingachepetse pansi pa chikoka cha nyengo, zomwe zingachepetse kukwanira kwa mphesa kupanga vinyo.
Large pinki mphesa kwa Moscow dera mitundu "Rusven"
- Mitunduyi inabadwa mwa kugawidwa kwa makolo monga "R-66" ndi "Muscat de Saint-Valle".
- Mphesa yokhala ndi mwayi wapadera wopanga vinyo wabwino.
Mphesa zomwe zafotokozedwa pamtundu uwu wa mphesa zimadziwika ndi masango akulu: pafupipafupi, kulemera kwake ndi 0.35-0.55 kilogalamu, ngakhale kuti makilogalamu amapezedwanso. Makulidwe ndi kulemera kwa mphesa za mphesa za "Rusven" ndizokulu - 2.3-2.2 masentimita ndi kulemera kwa magalamu 6.
Pogwiritsa ntchito chiwerengero cha mphukira zokhala ndi zipatso zokwana 75%, chophika chokwanira cha chitsamba cha mphesa chimachokera ku 1.1 mpaka 1.5, chomwe chimapangitsa kuti mitundu yosiyanasiyana ikhale yololera.
Mphesa uwu ndi woyenera kwa madera chifukwa chakumayambiriro. Zokolola zikhoza kuchotsedwa patatha masiku 115 kuchokera pamene nthawi ya chitsamba ikulowa nyengo.
Zipatso zowonjezera zimakhala zofiirira kapena zofiira, zimakhala ndi masewera odabwitsa komanso zonunkhira.
Ubwino waukulu wa kukula kwa mitundu "Yotsimikiziranso"
- Large ndi chokoma mphesa za winemaking, zomwe zili ndi mapulogalamu pafupifupi 20% a shuga.
- Maphunzirowa ali ndi zokolola zambiri ndipo amadziwika bwino akamabwera.
- Mphesa "Rustem" sagonjetsedwa kwambiri ndi nyengo yozizira yozizira (mpaka -27 ºС).
- Zimatchedwa kukana kwake kwa matenda a fungal khalidwe la mpesa.
- Mapepala ndi ma tebulo apamwamba kwambiri amapangidwa kuchokera ku zosiyanasiyana.
Vuto la kulima zosiyana: zovuta zazikulu:
- Nthawi zambiri mbewu zimakhudzidwa ndi ziphuphu ndipo zimafuna njira zotetezera.
- Pamene zowonongeka zowonongeka zimatuluka.
Mbali za mphesa "Agat Donskoy" akakula m'midzi
- Chipatso cha antchito odyera ku Russia amene ankagwiritsa ntchito zosiyanasiyana "Dawn of North" ndi "Dolores" powoloka ndi mphesa zoyambirira za ku Russia.
- Kawirikawiri amapezeka pansi pa dzina lakuti "Vityaz".
- Ndimagulu a mphesa, ngakhale amateurs nthawi zambiri amagwiritsa ntchito monga luso.
Chifukwa cha mphamvu ya chitsamba cha mitundu iyi ya mphesa, izo wokhoza kupereka zokolola zazikulu. Magulu amatha kupanga magalamu 600, ndi zipatso - pafupifupi 5 magalamu. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, pamphuno limodzi lopindulitsa iwo amatha kukhwima ndi okhwima bwino ngakhale masango 2-3. Ndiyeneranso kukumbukira kuti pakati pa mphukira pafupifupi 80% nthawi zambiri imabereka zipatso.
Kukolola mphesa "Agat Donskoy" mofulumira. Pakuti nthawi yosamba ya chitsamba ndi masiku okwanira 120. Zipatso zowonjezera zimafika kutalika kwa 2.2 x2, masentimita 4 ndi mtundu wakuda buluu. Tiyenera kudziwa kuti kukoma kwa mphesa ndi kosavuta, ndipo poyerekezera ndi mitundu yonse yapitayi, zimakhala zosavuta (shuga mu zipatso mulibe zoposa 15%).
Ubwino wa zosiyanasiyana: Mukudabwa bwanji mphesa iyi
- Mphesa sizimangokhala zosamvetsetseka muchisamaliro chawo, chili ndi maluwa onse awiri.
- Maonekedwe ndi kukoma kwa mphesa za Agat Donskoy ndi zabwino, chiwerengero cha tasters ndi 7.7.
- Amapulumuka bwino pamene akufika.
- Imalekerera chisanu mpaka -26 ºС.
- Kuwonongeka kwa matenda a fungal ndi tizilombo tina ta minda ya mpesa sikunayang'anidwe, ngakhale kuti nthawi ndi nthawi kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa kwa chitsamba cholinga cha kupewa kulimbikitsidwa.
Kuipa "Agatha Donskoy": zomwe muyenera kuzidziwa, kuti musasokoneze malingaliro osiyanasiyana
- Zokwera ndi zochuluka zowonjezera kawirikawiri zimakhala chifukwa chochepetsera khalidwe ndi kukula kwa zipatso, ndicho chifukwa chitsamba chimafuna kuchepetsa.
- Osati woyenera kwambiri paulendo.
Kodi ndi motani nthawi yomwe mphesa zabwino zidzabzalidwa ku Moscow dera?
Ngati mwasankha kubzala mphesa pachigawo chanu choyamba, choyamba muyenera kudziwa kuti mungathe kuchita izi mwa njira ziwiri:
- Mothandizidwa ndi sapling yomwe imakonzedweratu kapena yogula. Njirayi imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mulibe katundu komanso ngati zosiyanasiyana zomwe mukufunikira zimakhala zosavomerezeka ndi masitolo.
- Mothandizidwa ndi phesi yatsopano, yomwe yabzalidwa pamtengo wamphesa, atachotsa chitsamba chakale. Mtengo wamtundu uwu wa mphesa uli ndi ubwino wambiri, chifukwa umakulolani kukula msanga mofulumira ndi kubzala mbewu.
Kodi kudzala mphesa?
Koposa zonsezi, mbewuyi imayamba mizu, ngakhale kuti ndibwino kubzala mphesa nthawi ya kugwa, makamaka ngati mwasankha kudzala mitundu yambiri ndi kudula. M'mavuto a dera la Moscow, ndi bwino kusankha kasupe, kuti mphesa zikhale bwino ndikupulumuka m'nyengo yozizira mosavuta.
Kubzala mphesa ndi mbande zosiyanasiyana
Kwa mmera, dzenje likukumba momwe fetereza imayikidwa.
Kufesa mphesa mwa feteleza sizingatheke, muyenera kuzidzaza ndi nthaka yoyera, ndipo pokhapokha ndiye kuti mbeu ya prikopat ili bwino.
Ndikofunika kusiya mizu ya mmera pamwamba pa nthaka ndi kuthirira nthaka bwino.
Chomera mphesa zamasamba pamtengo wakale
Kuphunzitsa bwino kudulawake kwa nthawi isanakwane muyenera kudula (mbali yokhayokha, kupangapo ngati chinthu chokwanira) ndi steam. Nkhumba yokhayo iyenera kuyeretsedwa bwino, kuchotsa zitsime zonse ndi dothi kuchokera kumalo odulidwa a chitsamba. Komanso, tsinde limagawanika mofanana pakati ndi kudula limayikidwa mugawanika. Inoculation yotereyi imakhazikitsidwa mwamphamvu kuti zitsimikizire kuti kupulumuka kwabwinoko kuli bwino.
Kusamalira mphesa: momwe mungayendetsere nyengo yosakhazikika mumadera a Moscow?
- Ndikofunika kwambiri kuthirira mphesa, makamaka maluwa asanayambe. Komanso, ndikofunika kuti nthaka isamadzike pamtunda womwewo, kuti asayambitse zipatso.
- Mphesa zimayankha bwino mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya feteleza. Yabwino kwambiri mchere wamchere kwa iye ndi omwe ali ndi phosphates ndi potaziyamu. Nkofunika kubisa nthaka ndi mulch.
- Popanda kukolola zokolola zabwino n'zovuta kukwaniritsa. Nkofunika osati kungofupikitsa mphukira ndi manja, komanso kupanga chitsamba chokha. Mitundu ina imafuna kuyankhulana kwa mbeu, yomwe imathandiza kuteteza chitsamba ku mbeu.
- Mosasamala kanthu momwe zimakhazikika kapena osati zosiyana ndizo zisanafike matenda ndi tizilombo toononga, nkofunikira kuti tipeze kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa ndi herbicides. Nambala yochepa ya sprays pa nyengo nthawi ziwiri - isanafike maluwa a chitsamba cha mphesa komanso pambuyo pa kukonzanso.
