Cherry zipatso kucha nthawi zambiri amapezeka mu theka lachiwiri la June.
Chifukwa cha maulendo aifupi a zipatsozi, m'miyezi yotsatira sitingathe kudya zipatso zake zokoma.
Pankhaniyi, adzasangalatsa iliyonse yamatcheri mitundu "Regina", amene ali mochedwa kucha mitundu.
Tidzaulula zinsinsi zonse za mitundu yosiyanasiyanayi ndikudziwiratu malamulo odzala.
Tsatanetsatane wa nyengo yakucha yopatsa chitumbuwa chosiyanasiyana "Regina"
Mitundu yodabwitsa imeneyi, yonse mwa kukoma kwa zipatso ndi mu mtengo wa mtengo, inagwedezeka kunja kwa Russia. Ake pedigree imayamba ndi Germany, kumene Regina lokoma mtengo chitumbuwa amalingalira chimodzi mwa zinthu zamtengo wapatali mu horticulture. Zokonzedweratu zake zimakhala zazikulu - zimatengera mizu bwino ndipo zimabereka zipatso kumadera akum'mwera komanso m'dera la Middle Volga.
Sweet chitumbuwa "Regina" - khalidwe la zipatso
Mitunduyi ili ndi kukula kwakukulu kwa chipatso. Zipatso Panthawi ya kukhwima kosasuntha kufika kulemera kwa magalamu 11. Amatha kufotokozedwa ngati zipatso zopangidwa ndi khungu lofiira lakuda. Mnofu ndi mdima wofiira.
Malingaliro ake, zipatso za zipatsozi ndi zowona komanso zowonongeka, zomwe zimakhala ndi madzi ambirimbiri ofiira. Kukoma kwa chitumbuwa chabwino "Regina" ndi chokoma, choyamikiridwa kwambiri ndi akatswiri.
Malamulo a kucha Zipatso zimachedwa kwambiri, poyerekeza ndi mitundu ina. Nthawi yakukula ikuyamba pakati / theka lachiwiri la mwezi wa July. Momwemonso, iyi ndi yomaliza mitundu yomwe imatha nyengo yamatcheri yamatcheri. Ndiyeneranso kuzindikira kuti zipatsozo zimatha kukhala ndi nthawi yaitali kwambiri kuti zikhalebe pamtengo, ngati sizidulidwa, pomwe sizingagwe ndi kuyang'ana maonekedwe okongola.
Choncho, ngati ngakhale masiku 10-15 mutakhazikika ndi ulendo wopita ku kanyumba, yamatcheri okoma adzayembekezera kuti mukhale okoma komanso okongola. Kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa zipatso za chitumbuwa chokoma ndi chilengedwe chonse, chomwe chimatsimikiziridwa ndi maulendo awo ataliatali m'firiji.
Choncho, Regina akhoza kusangalala mpaka m'ma August. Mu kugwa ndi nyengo yozizira, ndalama zanu zidzasangalala ndi compotes zokoma ndi zopanga zopangidwa kuchokera ku yamatcheri okoma.
Zomwe muyenera kudziwa zokhudza zida za Regina cherry
Ukulu wa mtengo, monga ndi yamatcheri ambiri, ndi wamkati. Kukula kumakhala pang'onopang'ono. Korona ndi piramidi yowoneka bwino, yomwe imadziwika ndi sing'anga yamkati ya thickening. Maluwa oyambirira amawoneka pamtengo mu chaka chachitatu mutatha kuikidwa pamalo atsopano. Motero, zosiyanasiyana zimatchedwa skoropplodny. Pa nthawi yomweyi, zokololazo ndizitali, zimabwera chaka ndi chaka.
Za mphukira za chitumbuwa chotchedwa "Regina"
Mphukira ya Regina ndi yaitali kwambiri. Ngakhale m'chaka chimodzi chokha, sapita masentimita 50 m'litali. Nthawi zambiri amakula molunjika, kufika pamwamba. Kuwala kofiira. Amatha kupanga zipatso zambiri, koma mtengo sungathe kuwapatsa zonse zofunika. Pofuna kukwaniritsa zokolola zazikulu kumayambiriro kwa zaka za fruiting, nkofunika kuti mufupikitsefupikitsa mphukira ndi mizu 2-3.
Inflorescences palibe wosiyana ndi inflorescences wa mitundu ina. Zimagwirizana ndi maluwa ang'onoang'ono 2-3 omwe ali ndi maluwa okongola. Chikho chafupipafupi.
Makhalidwe abwino a zosiyanasiyana
Ubwino wa zosiyanasiyana ndikumapeto kwake. Mukamabzala chitumbuwa chotsekemera pa webusaitiyi, pamodzi ndi mitundu ina, ndizotheka kukhala ndi zipatso zotsekemera m'nyumba mwanu pafupifupi theka la chilimwe. Mwa njira, zipatsozo zimakhala zosiyana kwambiri, zopereka zazikulu ndi kukoma. Zokwanira zoyendetsa pamtunda wautali, zomwe zimatsimikiziridwa ndi zolimba za zipatso.
Ponena za kuteteza mtengo ku matenda, tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ndi matenda osamalira munda sitiyenera kudandaula. Makamaka, Regina, omwe amadziwika bwino ndi matenda a bowa, sakhala okhudzidwa. Kutentha kwa chisanu kwa nkhuni ndi bwino. Zipatso zimaperekanso mosavuta kutentha kwambiri ndipo sizimasokoneza nthawi yomweyo. Khalani ndi nthawi yaitali yosungirako, poyerekeza ndi mitundu ina. Pakati pa mitundu yambiri yamatumbuwa, Regina amatenga malo olemekezeka kwambiri.
Makhalidwe oipa a Regina lokoma chitumbuwa
Mitundu yosiyanasiyana imakhala yopanda mungu wokha, choncho ndi bwino kubzala mitundu yambiri ya yamatcheri pamalo amodzi.
Timayamba kubzala Regry lokoma chitumbuwa
Yamatcheri okoma ayenera kubzalidwa molondola. Izi zimakhudzanso kusankha malo oti mubzala ndi malangizo ena pa njira yobzala sapling mu dzenje. Apo ayi, mtengo sungabwere, kapena ukhoza kubereka zipatso ndikuvulaza kwambiri.
Nthawi yoyenera ya kukwera
Kubzala Cherry kumachitika zonse mu kasupe ndi m'dzinja. Pa nthawi yomweyi, nyengo iliyonse ili ndi ubwino wake, ndipo timayesa kufotokoza mwatsatanetsatane. Mitengo ya zipatso nthawi zambiri imabzalidwa mu kugwa. Izi zidzathandizidwa ndi kuti panthawiyi chiwerengero chachikulu cha mbande chimaperekedwa pamsika. Izi zidzakulolani kusankha zosakaniza zomwe zimakuyenererani, komanso maluwa abwino kwambiri.
Pambuyo pa kuyambira kwa chisanu, thunthu ndi nthambi za mmera zimayenera kugona pakati pa mchenga, ndipo kenako - ndi chisanu. Kuti mbeu isasokonezedwe ndi dzuwa, iyenso iyenera kutengedwa kuchokera pamwamba pogwiritsa ntchito pepala la plywood.
Komabe kubzala kwadzinja Sikuti nthawi zonse zimakhudza kukula kwa mitengo. Ndipotu, m'nyengo yozizira, kutentha kwake kumatha kuwonongeka ndi chisanu, chifukwa sichidzagwiritsidwa ntchito m'chaka ndipo sichidzatha kubzala mbewu. Choncho, ngati mutayamba kubzala pulasitiki mu kugwa, choyamba musaiwale kukonzekera bwino nthaka: iyenera kumasulidwa mosamalitsa ndi kubereka, ndikupangitsanso kuchuluka kwa madzi. Ndi zakudya ndi madzi zomwe zingakuthandizeni kusuntha mbewuzo m'nyengo yozizira.
Ngati kuopa kozizira mtengo kunakulepheretsani musanagwe, ngakhale kuti mbeuyo yayamba kale kugula, mukhoza kuisunga mu fomu yomweyi mpaka masika. Kuti muchite izi, kukumba dzenje m'munda momwe mbeuyo iyenera kuikidwa pa 45º. Chombo chiyenera kuikidwa mwamphamvu kwambiri, ngakhale kuyika mulu pamwamba. Pamwamba pa nyemba ayenera kuikidwa kumbali yakumwera.
Kutha kwa nyengo Zimakhudza kwambiri kukula kwa mbande. Ngati ikuchitika panthawi yoyenera (patatha masiku angapo, nthaka itatha), ndiye kuti mtengo udzakula bwino nyengo yonse yomwe ikukula, ndipo zidzakhala zosavuta kupirira nyengo yozizira. Komabe, zovuta zonse ndi zovuta ndizovuta kwambiri kupeza sapling yabwino mu masika, ndipo kugula izo mu kasupe kumabweretsa mavuto ambiri ndi yosungirako.
About malo oyenera kubzala yamatcheri
Cherry kukonda kuwala kwa dzuwa kumakhala kovuta kwambiri m'madera othunzi, pali masamba pang'ono. Kuwonjezera apo, dzuwa ndilofunikira kuti mtengo upange chipatso ndikuti ukhale wokoma. Komanso, kulima kudzala mtengo kumene nthaka ikuwombedwa ndi mphepo yozizira kapena pansi pamtunda, kumene mpweya wozizira umatha. Mitengo yamakono yamakono ndi yabwino kwambiri yaing'ono yomwe siimapweteka kumpoto kwa mphepo.
Timasankha mtundu wa dothi la kukula kwa chitumbuwa chabwino
Musanayambe kukula yamatcheri, muyenera kuphunzira zonse zokhudza zida zake. Makamaka mtengo uwu ukufuna nthaka chinyezi. Koma pa nthawi yomweyi, palibe malo omwe ayenera kubzalidwa mu dothi kumene madzi angathe kukhalapo kwa nthawi yaitali, zomwe zingayambitse mizu ya mtengo. Poganizira izi, ndikofunika kuyang'ana mlingo wamadzi apansi, ngati uli pamwamba pa mamita 1.5 - ndiyenera kusamalira dongosolo la ngalande m'dera lanu.
Yabwino njira zosamalira yamatcheri ndi dothi monga loam ndi sandstone. Iwo amachiritsidwa bwino ndipo samafunira chisamaliro chochuluka. Tsabola yamtengo wapatali sangathe kukhazikika pa dongo kapena mchenga, ngati dothili lisanayambe kusamalidwa bwino ndi feteleza. Makamaka, akulimbikitsidwa kusakaniza dothi la dothi ndi mchenga wa mtsinje ndikuwonetsa zambiri za feteleza.
Mchenga, mmalo mwake, uyenera kuchepetsedwa ndi dothi kuti chinyezi chingathe kukhalapo. Feteleza sizothandiza. Kukonzekera kubzala kudzachitika zaka zingapo musanadzalemo, mwinamwake nthaka sidzakhala nayo nthawi yobzala.
Kutsika mpaka posankha sapling
Koma, ngakhale kuti nthaka ndi malo abwino mungasankhe kubzala yamatcheri, zambiri zimadalira mbande. Ndipotu, ngati mtengo uli woipa, wowonongeka, kapena uli ndi mizu yowonongeka, phindu lake lidzacheperachepera ndipo simudzatha kukoma yamatcheri okoma.
Kusankha sapling tcherani khutu osati kokha pa zosiyana zake, komanso ngati ziphatikizidwa kapena zakula kuchokera ku fupa. Ndikofunika kuti mutengeko, chifukwa ndi kuchokera ku mtengo umene mitundu yosiyanasiyana yomwe mukufunikira ikukula. Mmera wotere pa thunthu ndithu udzasonyeza malo a katemera.
Ndikofunika kuti mizu ya mtengo ikhale yambiri ndipo siuma. Pankhaniyi, mtengo udzakhala wovuta kukhazikitsa ndi kulimbikitsa.
Ndondomeko za kubzala sapling chitumbuwa Regina
- Choyamba, pitirizani kukonza dzenje. Izi ziyenera kuchitika patatha masabata 2-3 isanafike kubzala, ndipo kumapeto - ngakhale m'dzinja. Ngati mutayika munda wa chitumbuwa - mtunda pakati pa mzere umodzi wa mitengo uyenera kukhala mamita 3, pakati pa mizera iwiri - 4-5 mamita. Kuzama kwa dzenje - kuchokera masentimita 60, kotero kuti kanali kawiri kazu kake yamatcheri.
- Pamene mukumba dzenje, m'pofunika kugawaniza dzikolo kukhala magawo awiri - gawo lachonde lachonde mu mulu umodzi, ndi m'munsi - mzake. Kuthira pamwamba pokha mutakumba dzenje likuphatikizidwa ndi kilogalamu 10 (mungagwiritse ntchito zambiri, makamaka ngati dothi siliri lachonde kwambiri) la feteleza. Timatsanulira pansi, ndikupanga chitunda. Pamaso mwachindunji kubzala kwa yamatcheri, chitunda ichi chidzakhala bwino.
- Kuwonjezera pa kusakaniza, chiwerengero chautali ndi chodalirika chiyenera kukumbidwa pansi pa dzenje. Kwa iye, tidzamangiriza chitumbuwa, kotero kuti sichidzakhudzidwa ndi nyengo yoipa.
- Ikani mtengo mu dzenje. Kuzama kwa kumizidwa kumayenera kulumikizana ndi malo a khola la mizu, zomwe ziri bwino kulera pang'ono pamwamba pa nthaka, koma palibe chifukwa chokhalira pansi.
- Kuyika mtengo uyenera kukhala mosamala ndi pang'onopang'ono, kuti usawononge mizu koma usasiye mpweya pakati pawo ndi mpweya. Choncho, mukhoza kuika hafu gawo limodzi, kutsanulirapo malita 10 a madzi ndikungozimba mpaka kumapeto. Nthaka imalumikizidwa mokoma, ndipo timapanga dzenje lakuya kuzungulira thunthu, kulimbikitsidwa kunja kwa chitunda. Ndi mu dzenje lomwe muyenera kuthirira sapling yamatcheri mutabzala.
- Mthunzi umakhala wotalika kwambiri m'nthaka ndipo umathandizira kulimbitsa bwino nyemba ngati nthaka ikuzungulira thunthu. Pofuna kugwiritsira ntchito peat, kapena humus.
Zomwe muyenera kudziwa zokhudza kusamalira chitumbuwa cha chitumbuwa cha Regina
Chisamaliro chomwe chiyenera kuphatikizapo kutsirira, kudulira ndi kudyetsa mtengo kungakhale njira yabwino yopititsira patsogolo zokolola za mtengo. Pambuyo pake, mtengo woswana, ndipo ngakhale kale kwambiri unafalikira ku Russia, sungakhoze kuzika mizu pamalo aliwonse. Choncho, mverani malangizo otsatirawa posamalira Regina yamatcheri okoma.
Chinthu chachikulu - kuthirira nthawi yake
Tanena kale kuti chitumbuwa chikufuna kwambiri madzi okwanira ambiri. Komanso, m'pofunika kuwonjezera madzi panthaka nthawi zonse, pafupifupi mwezi uliwonse. Kuchuluka kwa madzi omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuthirira kamtengo kamodzi kumafunika 30 malita pa fruiting ndi lalikulu - 60 malita.
Koma mulimonsemo, kuthirira kumadalira kwambiri nyengo ndi dothi. Ndi mvula yambiri siyenerera kuthirira madzi a yamatcheri nkomwe, komanso nthawi yayitali yamvula - ndikofunika kuwonjezera ulimi wothirira mpaka 2 kapena 4. Kuthirira kumaphatikizidwa muzunguliro wapafupi, kukumba pafupifupi mamita 1 pazitali mpaka thunthu. Phunje lingagwiritsidwe ntchito kudyetsa nkhuni.
Ndi feteleza ati omwe amagwirizana ndi Regina lokoma chitumbuwa?
M'chaka choyamba mutabzala Regina yamatcheri, sizidzasowa kudyetsa. Pambuyo pake, musanabzala mutha kale kugwiritsa ntchito feteleza kunthaka. M'chaka chachiwiri mutabzala, yamatcheri okoma adzafunika. nitrogen fetelezandiko kuti, urea. Zidzakhudza kwambiri kukula kwa mtengo. Komabe, musakhale mwamsanga kuti mupange pamene mukubzala, chifukwa zomwe zikhoza kuwononga mizu ya yamatcheri okoma. Koma ndizosatheka kuwonjezetsa m'chaka chachiwiri, n'zosatheka kuikapo magalamu 120 a urea pa 1m2 pafupi ndi nthaka.
M'chaka chachitatu, mutha kuyamba kumanga mitengo nthawi zonse. Choyamba muyenera kupanga pafupifupi 10 malita. kuponyedwa kovuta. Koma kawirikawiri zokhazokha za feteleza ziyenera kuchitika pakapita zaka 2-3. Kugwiritsiridwa ntchito kwa fetereza feteleza kumakhudza kwambiri kukula kwa mtengo komanso popanga zipatso zokoma za Regina zosiyanasiyana. Nthawi zambiri amagwiritsa ntchito superphosphates ndi nitrate. Kuchuluka kwa fetereza izi, zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pa 1m2 nthaka, siziyenera kupitirira 150-200 magalamu.
Zimakhalanso zosangalatsa kuwerenga za makhalidwe a chikasu mitundu yamatcheri okoma ndi kuwasamalira.
Kukonzekera Regina lokoma chitumbuwa m'nyengo yozizira
Tsabola yamtengo wapatali "Regina" ndi yokwanira chisanu chopinga. Koma ngati tikukamba za mmera wobzalidwa m'chaka, ndiye kuti nyengo yozizira yovuta imatha kudzitama. Choncho, isanayambike nyengo yozizira, dothi lozungulira mtengo ndilofunika kuti musunge bwino ndi madzi. Mukhoza kupanga feteleza pang'ono (koma pasanathe milungu iwiri isanayambe chisanu). Kuonjezerapo, pofuna kuteteza mtengo wawung'ono ku chimfine, ndibwino kuti umangirire ndi kuyika, ndikuphimba nthaka ndi chisanu chachikulu.
Choncho kuti chitumbuwacho chisawonongeke ndi makoswe osiyanasiyana, mtengo umamangiriridwa ndi mtengo wamtengo wapatali, umangiriza nthambizo molimba kwambiri ndi chithandizo cha twine. Mukhozanso kukulunga mbiya ndi buleroid, ndikubalalitsa poizoni wapadera kwa udzu wa mbewa pamtunda.
Malangizo odulira Regina wokoma chitumbuwa
Kuphatikiza pa kudulira nthawi ndi nthawi ya mphukira zazing'ono za yamatcheri okoma, mu msinkhu wachikulire kwambiri, chitumbuwa chokoma chimafuna kuchotsedwa kwa nthambi zowonongeka ndi zosweka. Choncho, korona iyenera kuyang'aniridwa nthawi zonse ndi mosamala, osalola nthambi zoterozo kukhalabe pa chitumbuwa kwa nthawi yaitali. Nthambi zimadulidwa mosamala komanso mothandizidwa ndi macheka. Dulani malo mwamsanga mukakongoletsa. Pa izi mungagwiritse ntchito mkuwa wa sulphate.
Chisamaliro chapadera cholima munda chiyenera kukhala pamwamba pa nyemba. Iyenera kukhala yamphamvu ndi yolunjika. Ngati kuwonongeka kwa mpikisano kumaonekera, muyenera kusankha malo ake, kuchotsa otsutsana ena onse. Ngati pali otsogolera ambiri - korona wa chitumbuwa sichidzayamba bwino, akhoza kukolola zochuluka.
