Ambiri a ife ndi chikhumbo chachikulu tikhoza kulima mbewu zosiyanasiyana zakulima m'munda wathu wa chilimwe.
Komabe, nthawi zambiri timangotaya nthawi yokwanira yowasamalira.
Njira yabwino kwambiri pakadali pano ndi kusankha mitundu, yomwe imakhala yofanana komanso safuna chidwi kwambiri.
Pankhani ya kusankha mitundu ya mphesa, njira yabwino kwambiri kwa alimi oyambirira komanso otanganidwa kwambiri ndi "Annie" mphesa.
Ngakhale kuti zosiyanasiyanazi zili ndi ubwino wambiri ndipo zimatha kusangalala kwambiri, sizikusowa chidwi kwambiri ndipo zimatha kusintha maonekedwe osiyanasiyana.
Timavumbulutsa zinsinsi komanso maonekedwe a mphesa "Annie"
Mitengo ya mphesayi ndi ya gulu la zolengedwa za mwana yemwe amamukonda dzina lake Krainov. Chifukwa cha chidwi ndi khama la wineprower, zosiyanasiyana "Anyuta" analandira makhalidwe onse abwino kuchokera kwa makolo awo mitundu - Zamphesa mphesa, omwe anadutsa ndi zosiyanasiyana "Kishmish Radiant".
Zotsatira zake, zatsopanozo zinakhala zolimba, zokhoza kuwombera mosavuta ndi kusintha. Chifukwa cha ichi, malo osiyana siyana ndi osiyana siyana: kuchokera kumwera kwa Ukraine ndi Russia, mpaka kumapakati apakati a dzikoli.
Zomwe zimagwira mphesa "Anyuta": maonekedwe, kukula ndi makhalidwe a zipatso
Mbewu za mphesa "Anyuta" ali ndi maonekedwe okongola, amtengo wapatali ngati mphesa zogulitsidwa bwino. Kawirikawiri, kulemera kwawo kumakhala pakati pa 0.7 ndi 1.2 kilogalamu, koma pali masango 1.5-kilogram. Maonekedwe awo amadziwika kwambiri, zipatso sizimangidwe bwino, kupanga gulu pang'ono lotayirira.
Zipatso zazikulu za pinki zazikulu zimapereka mwayi wapadera kwa gululo. Kulemera kwa zipatso zooneka ngati maolivizi zimakhala kuyambira 10-14 mpaka 20 magalamu, zomwe ndizomwe zimapanga mphesa. Mphuno ya mabulosi ndi khungu lakuda imapangitsa mabulosiwo kuti aziyenda. Pamene amadya, zipatso zimakhala ndi zokoma kwambiri, zomwe zimaphatikizidwa ndi fungo lapadera.
Ndi mbewu zotani zomwe zingatheke ku mphesa "Annie"?
Gulu la mphesa zosiyanasiyana limakhala ndi kukula kwakukulu. Panthawi yolowera fruiting, yomwe imayamba zaka 4-5 mutabzala, imatha kupotoza ngakhale mamita atatu. Nthawi yakucha ya yokolola yamphesa ya Anyuta ili pafupi masiku 140, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zosiyana pakati pa kucha.. Choncho, n'zotheka kuyamba bwino kukolola mbewu zakukolola m'masiku oyambirira kapena pafupi pakati pa September.
Pa nthawi yomweyi, zokolola zazomerazi ndizozitali kwambiri, nthawi zambiri zimangowonjezera chitsamba. Pofuna kuteteza chitsamba kuchokera ku izi, mungagwiritse ntchito kudulira mitengo ndi kuika chiwerengero cha mphukira ndi mphesa. Ndiyeneranso kukumbukira kuti mpesa ndi mphukira za chitsamba zimapsa bwino ndipo ambiri a iwo amabala zipatso.
Ndizosangalatsa kuwerenga za mitundu ya pinki mphesa.
Kodi ubwino wa mphesa "Anyuta" ukuyenera kudziwa alimi a novice?
Zomerazi n'zosavuta kukula, ngakhale kuti zimafunikira zina zofunikira kuti zisamalire. Koma kaŵirikaŵiri, makhalidwe ameneŵa amafunikira chidwi chenicheni:
• Mbewu zabwino, zoyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito mwatsopano komanso zamtengo wapatali ngati zogulitsa.
• Kutengeka kwa mbeu zabwino pamtunda wautali ngakhale kutentha.
• Zokolola zazikulu, ngakhale osasamala kwambiri.
• Kukhoza kwa mphesa kusunga makhalidwe awo mpaka atadulidwa ku mpesa.
• Kukhoza kuyendetsa mungu, zomwe zingatheke chifukwa cha kukhalapo kwa duwa la amuna ndi akazi.
• Zipatso za mphesa sizipezeka ponseponse.
• Chitsamba cha grape cha Anyuta chili ndi matenda abwino a fungal. Mpata wokantha chitsamba ndi mildew kapena powdery mildew ndi otsika ngakhale popanda kuchita zowononga kupopera mbewu za mphesa.
• Misozi ndi tizirombo tina siziwononga mbewu.
• Kukanika kwa mphesa kuti chisokoneze kutentha: kuwonongeka sikusungidwe ngakhale pa -22ºС. Komabe, sikuli koyenera kukana kusakhala chitsamba m'nyengo yozizira.
• Momwemo rooting cherenkomkati, kukololedwa ku mphesa mphesa "Anyuta". Mwamtheradi any rootstocks mphesa ndi oyenera kumtumikizanitsa cuttings.
Nkhumba za "Anuta" mphesa: mavuto amene angakumane nawo mukukula izi zosiyanasiyana
Mitengo yabwino ya mphesa siilipo ndipo pali ubwino, palinso zovuta. Kuti musakumane ndi zozizwitsa zilizonse, tidzakumikirani ku mbali zonse za "Annie" mphesa, ngakhale zolakwa zake:
• Anthu ambiri ogwiritsa ntchito vinyo, pogwiritsa ntchito zochitika zawo, amanena kuti nthawi yakucha yokolola mphesa ya Anyuta sizimachitika nthawi imodzi. Mkhalidwe wa nyengo ndi nyengo zomwe zimakhala pamodzi ndi chitsamba m'nyengo yonseyi zimathandiza kwambiri. Choncho, mphesa nthawi zambiri zimakula kufikira m'ma September, koma kumapeto kwa mweziwu.
• Ngati zokolola sizichotsedwa ku chitsamba kwa nthawi yayitali, zipatso sizidzataya maonekedwe awo komanso kukoma kwake, koma thupi lawo likhoza kukhala madzi, ngati mucous membrane.
• Mabulosiwa ali ndi mbeu zinayi, zomwe, ngakhale zili zochepa, zimakhudzabe kukoma kwa mphesa za Anyuta mwa njira yawo.
• Pazaka zabwino kwambiri komanso pokhala ndi nthaka yachonde, chitsamba chikhoza kulemedwa ndi mbewu ndipo chifukwa chake chimafuna kuchepetsa chiwerengero cha mphesa.
• Ndi mphepo yamkuntho ndi mvula yambiri, mphesa za Anyuta zimatha.
• Ngakhale kulimbana kwakukulu ndi chisanu, chitsamba chiyenera kuphimbidwa. Nthawi zina zimatha kufalitsa mizu ya chitsamba champhesa.
Momwe mungamere mphesa kuti zikhale weniweni Klondike wa zokoma zipatso: waukulu malangizo
Kubzala mphesa ndi kophweka, ngakhale kuti ndi kovuta kwambiri kuchita popanda ngakhale kukonzekera kapadera kokonzekera. Inde, popanda kutsatila malamulo onse, ndi zophweka kuwononga onse sapling ndi kudula. Nkofunikanso kupeza malo abwino oti kukula kwa chitsamba cha mphesa. Tidzafotokozera zonsezi mwatsatanetsatane.
Kodi kusiyana kotani pakati pa kubzala mphesa ndi sapling?
Momwe mumasankhira njira zomwe mumasankha zilibe kanthu. Pankhani ya mbande, mumabzala kale mizu yanu. Chifukwa cha ichi, padzakhala nthenda yochulukirapo yakuti matenda omwe adatsogoleredwa nawo sadzasamutsira ku chitsamba chatsopano. Ngati, komabe, kuphunzitsa phesi kumtengo wakale, ikhoza kuwonetsa, ngakhale kuti sichidziwikiratu, matenda ake.
Komabe, kumtumikizanitsa ndi njira yabwino kwambiri yolima mphesa. Inde, chifukwa cha iye, chitsamba champhesa chatsopano chikukula mofulumira kwambiri komanso bwino, popeza kale chiri ndi mizu yabwino yomwe imayambitsa kudula. Mbewu ya mphesa yomwe idzalidwa pa mizu yake yokha idzayamba mizu yovuta komanso pang'onopang'ono.
Kusankhidwa kwa malo ndi zizindikiro za mtengo wamphesa
Mphesa zimakula bwino ndi kubala chipatso kokha kumene kuli kuwala kokwanira kwa dzuwa ndi kutentha. Apo ayi, zipatso zimatha kupsa pang'onopang'ono osati mofanana. Pa chifukwa ichi, ndibwino kuti mbande za mphesa zibzalidwe kumbali ya kumwera kwa nyumba. Ikhoza kukhala shading wabwino panyumba kapena gazebos. Kuonjezera apo, nyumbazi zidzateteza mphesa kuchoka kumalo omwe angaphatikizepo inflorescences.
Kuwonjezera pamenepo, ndizofunikira kusankha nthaka yabwino ya mphesa. Ngakhale chikhalidwe ichi sichiri chovuta kwambiri, zimatha kukhala bwino pa nthaka yopanda mphamvu. Choncho, Mulimonsemo, nthaka isanadzalemo iyenera kukhala bwino umuna ndi kukumba.
Ngati madzi apansi akufika pafupi kwambiri ndi nthaka, m'pofunikira kumanga ngalande pamtunda, komanso pokonzekera dzenje kuti mphesa ziike pansi.
Ndikofunika kulingalira mutabzala mipesa yambiri kufunikira kwa malo okula. Popeza mphesa "Anyuta" ili ndi shrub yamphamvu, m'pofunika kupanga mtunda pakati pa mbande za mphesa pafupi mamita. Pa nthawi yomweyi, ngati mukubzala mphesa pafupi ndi nyumba ndi maziko olimba, muyenera kuchoka mnyumbamo ndi masentimita 70.
Mphesa ikabzalidwa: zida za kasupe ndi kubzala
Masiku abwino odzala mphesa "Annie" ayi. Pambuyo pake, izo zikhoza kubzalidwa zonse mu kasupe ndi m'dzinja. Nthawi iliyonse ili ndi ubwino wake ndi ubwino wake.
1. Ambiri amakhulupirira kuti mphesa zimakula bwino ngati zabzala masika. Inde, panthawi ya nyengo yoyamba ikukula, chitsamba chaching'ono chimatha kukula bwino ndikukula, kotero nyengo yozizira yoyamba siyiwopsya kwa iye. Komano, nthawi zambiri mu April ndi May, pamene zomera zonse zikuyamba kukula ndipo nthawi yofesa mphesa, nthaka imakhala youma kwambiri. Choncho, mtengo wokhazikika wokha udzayenera kuthiriridwa mochuluka komanso nthawi zonse, ndipo izi ndizovuta komanso zosafunikira.
Koma vuto lalikulu la kubzala kwa mphesa ndiko kusowa kwa mbande zambiri, zomwe zokolola zimapezeka chimodzimodzi mu kugwa. Choncho, nthawi zambiri zimakhala zovuta kusankha sapling yomwe mukufunikira, yomwe idzakhala yathanzi komanso yosadetsedwa.
2. Mmera wobzalidwa ndi kubzalidwa mu kugwa, kwenikweni, amasungidwa mu nthaka mpaka masika. Ngati sichiphimbidwa bwino, chimangoyamba kufota, chifukwa sichikhoza kutero. Ndi chifukwa chake anthu ambiri samafesa mphesa panthawiyi. Koma mbali inanso, mozizira pakatikati pa mwezi wa Oktoba, pamene nthawi yabwino yobzala mphesa ikubwera, chitsamba chachinyamatanu ngakhale chisanu chisanakhale ndi nthawi yodzaza ndi chinyezi, chomwe chidzakulitsa kwambiri chisanu chake.
Kuwonjezera apo, mphesa zomwe zimabzala m'dzinja zidzakula mofulumira mu kasupe ndipo zidzatha kukhala bwino pa nyengo ya chilimwe.
Malamulo a kubzala mphesa "Anyuta" kuponyera pambali yawo
Pokhala ndi sapling yabwino, ndikofunika kuti mubzala bwino. Musatseke maonekedwe monga kukonzekera dzenje ndi kusamalira mphesa mutabzala. Ndi bwino nthawi yokonzekera dzenje la mphesa kusiyana ndi kulima. Payenera kukhala nthawi yokwanira kuti dothi la dzenje likhazikike pang'onopang'ono. chifukwa chowonadi ndi chakuti dzenje la mphesa liyenera kusamalidwa bwino, kuika chisakanizo cha feteleza ndi nthaka yabwino pansi pake.
Pachifukwa ichi, Kuzama kwa dzenje kumakhala pafupifupi masentimita 80. Chigawocho chiyenera kukhala choyenera. Choncho, musanadzale mphesa dzenje liyenera kukhala:
• masentimita asanu (5 cm), omwe amatsanulira pansi.
• Madzi a humus, feteleza amchere (potaziyamu, phosphorous, iron) ndi nthaka yachonde.
• Mzere wosalira bwino, wosasunthika nthaka, womwe umakhala ngati mpata pakati pa mizu ya feteleza ndi feteleza yomwe siinakhale nayo nthawi yoti iwonongeke ndipo ikhoza kuwononga mizu.
Chotsatira ndicho kupanga sapling. Kawirikawiri amagulitsidwa mu kapu ndi dothi, choncho mwa mawonekedwe ameneŵa akhoza kubzala mwachindunji (kuchotsa kapu yokha). Ndikofunika kwambiri kuthirira madzi mochulukirapo, kudula nthaka yake mpaka pamtunda. Ngati mwagula sapling popanda dothi, ndiye kuti iyeneranso kugwira ntchito masiku angapo m'madzi ndipo zimalangizanso kuti muyike muyeso -kukula-kukuthandizani.
Kenaka, timayika mmphepete, ndikusiya khola la pamtunda pamwamba pa pamwamba pake, mosamala kuikapo nthaka popanda feteleza. Pambuyo pake, sapling imathiriridwa mochuluka, ndipo nthaka yozungulira iyo imasweka ndi mulch.
Ankalumikiza mphesa "Anyuta" pamtengo
Kuti phesi likhale lozikika pamzuzi, liyenera kudulidwa mozungulira ndipo likhale ndi madzi kwa nthawi ndithu. Kuteteza chinyezi mmenemo, kumtunda kwa kudula kumayambira. Nkhokwe isanayambe kusamalidwa bwino, imatsuka komanso kuthira pang'ono kumapangidwa pakati pake. Ndili pamphuno komanso kudula. Ngati katunduyo ndi wochuluka kwambiri, mukhoza kusonkhanitsa zidutswa zingapo nthawi yomweyo.
Kuti pakhale mgwirizano pakati pa kudula ndi nkhuni za katundu kuti zikhale bwino, malo ophatikizira amamangidwa mwamphamvu. Anthu ambiri amalangiza malo opatsirana pogwiritsa ntchito dothi lonyowa: amalepheretsa kutuluka kwa mpweya kupita kumadera ovulazidwa a mphesa ndikusunga chinyezi mmenemo.
Katemera katemera amamwetsanso madzi. Ndibwino kuti muzitha kuzungulira nthaka pozungulira ndikuyika chitsimikizo pafupi nacho kuti mutenge chitsamba.
Samalani mitundu yamitengo ya mphesa "Annie": mwachidule za maulamuliro akuluakulu
• M'chaka, mutatsegula chitsamba mutatha nyengo yozizira, imalimbikitsanso kuti mumwe madzi ambiri. Ngati muli ndi mwayi wotero, muyenera kuthirira mchenga ngakhale musanayambe maluwa komanso pomaliza ntchitoyi. Pa nthawi yamvula, mphesa zidzafunikanso kuthirira. Mmodzi wamkulu wa mpesa chifukwa cha ulimi wothirira amafunika mabotolo asanu a madzi.
• Pambuyo kuthirira, ndi kofunika kwambiri kubisa nthaka yomwe ili pafupi ndi thunthu la chitsamba champhesa ndi mulch. Zidzathandiza kuteteza chinyezi m'nthaka ndipo zidzakhala ngati feteleza.
Mulch wabwino koposa wa mphesa - utoto wofiira kapena moss, mu zovuta kwambiri - humus.
Ndiponso, pansi pa kukumba mphesa kumadyetsedwa ndi humus ndi phosphorous-potaziyamu feteleza.
• Pofika nthawi yoyambilira yoyambilira ya nyundo komanso nthawi yoyamba pamtunda, nthawi yabwino imadula mitengo ndi manja. Popeza kuti mitundu yonse ya Anyuta ili ndi shrub yamphamvu, kudulira kwake kuyeneranso kukhala kwakukulu. Mphutsi iliyonse imfupikitsidwa ndi mabowo 6-8. Musamvere chisoni chitsamba, chifukwa, mukuchita izi, mukuyesera kusintha mbeu, zomwe mudzalandira chaka chino.
• Mphukira za mphesa "Anyuta" akufunikanso kuphimba. Ngati iyi ndi sapling yomwe yangobzalidwa kumene kapena yogulitsidwa, ndiye kuti ndi bwino kugona ndi mchenga. Kuti zisasokonezeke, chotengera china chimayikidwa pamwamba pake ndi dzenje la pamwamba, pamwamba pa mchenga wonse wa mchenga. Kuti malo oterowo asawonongeke m'nyengo yozizira, imayenera kulimbikitsidwa ndi zipangizo zopangidwa bwino: matabwa, plywood, moss kapena nthambi za coniferous. Kuti aphimbe chitsamba chachikulu cha mphesa, filimu imatengedwa pamwamba pake ndipo chinachake monga wowonjezera kutentha chimalengedwa. Musaiwale kuganizira kuti, mosiyana ndi mchenga, filimuyi siidzakhala mu mpweya, choncho muyenera kuyang'anitsitsa nthawi zonse zomwe zimakhala pansi pa chitsambacho.
• Ngakhale kulimbana kwakukulu kwa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya "Anyuta" musanatuluke matenda a fungalomu, sizingakhale zodabwitsa kupopera mankhwalawa ndi kukonzekera kwa fungicide. Kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa kumachitika pamaso pa maluwa a chitsamba ndi pa mapangidwe a mphesa pa inflorescences.
