Mmene mungamere kabichi pabwalo la kumudzi: kuphika, kubzala ndi kusamalira zomera
Zakudya za kabichi ndizokongoletsera zakudya zambiri za dziko.
Chifukwa cha kutchuka kumeneku kuli m'dera lachilengedwe losavuta kwambiri, komanso m'zinthu zopindulitsa zomwe ali nazo.
Ndizo zonsezi, kulima kabichi ndi njira yophweka yomwe sizimavuta kwa wamaluwa wamaluwa kapena ochita masewera olimbitsa thupi.
Mulimonsemo, tidzakambirana nkhaniyi kuzinthu zonse zakonzekera, kubzala ndi kusamalira kabichi, povumbulutsa zinsinsi zonse za akatswiri opambana kwambiri.
Komanso, tidzakudziwitsani ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya chomera ichi, ndikukuphunzitsani kuti mumvetse njira zomwe mitunduyi imasiyanirana.
Kodi mungakonzekere bwanji chodzala kabichi: Gawani zinsinsi za odziwa wamaluwa ndi agronomists
Kubzala kabichi kumaphatikizapo mbali zambiri, zomwe zimakhala malo ofunikira kwambiri posankha malo abwino obzala, pokonzekera nthaka ndi mbeu yobzala. Komabe, musati muwopsyezedwe ndi mndandanda waukuluwu - tidzakufunsani mafunso onsewa mwatsatanetsatane komanso mophweka, kukupangani inu kukhala woyang'anira munda pazomwe mukuwerenga.
Timasankha zabwino zabwino za kabichi kukula ndikudziwana ndi zina za zomera.
Kutembenukira ku zenizeni za kukula kwa chomera ichi, munthu sangathe koma kumakhala pazinthu zosiyana za kabichi palokha, zomwe ziyenera kuwerengedwera panthawi yobereka.
Ubwino waukulu wa kabichi ndi wake bwino kukana otsika kutenthazomwe ndi zofunika kwambiri pakuganizira nyengo yowonjezera ya mbeu.
Makamaka, ngakhale mitundu yoyambirira, ikabzala yotseguka popanda mbande, pitirizani kulima kwa masiku 90-120. Ndi chifukwa chake chodzala kabichi pamalo otseguka popanda kugwiritsa ntchito mbande, zomwe tikufuna kukuwuzani, si njira yodziwika bwino, chifukwa ndizosatheka kuzigwiritsa ntchito mkatikatikati mwa chigawo ndi kumpoto.
Pokumbukira chilengedwe chokonda chikondi cha mbewuyi, chikhoza kubzalidwa kokha pamabedi abwino omwe sali mthunzi pafupifupi nthawi yonse ya masana. Mtengo woyenera wa nthawi yoyenera yomwe kabichi ndi chitukuko chonse ndi maola 13.
Muyeneranso kuzindikira kuti kabichi ndi chomera cha biennial. M'chaka choyamba, mutu umatulutsa mwachindunji ku mbewu kapena mbande, zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kuti anthu azidya. M'chaka chachiwiri, peduncle imakula kuchokera mutu womwewo, komwe pafupi kumapeto kwa chilimwe kudzatha kusonkhanitsa mbewu.
Kukonzekera dothi lodzala kabichi: Momwe mungamasulire bwino komanso manyowa?
Musanayambe kukonzekera dothi, muyenera kusankha bwino. Inde, kugwiritsa ntchito feteleza kungathandize kuti mtundu uliwonse wa dothi ukhale wochuluka, koma ndibwino kuti mukhale ndi kabichi zokhazikika komanso kuti mukhale ndi chonde.
Njira yabwino ndi loam, yomwe ili ndi humus wambiri. Chifukwa cha ichi, chinyezi chimakhala chabwino komanso chotalikira m'nthaka, kudyetsa mizu ya mbewu. Chinthu china chofunika kwambiri pa nthaka ndi khalidwe la kusakhala acidity kapena chiwerengero chochepa cha chizindikiro ichi.
Chofunika kwambiri, zomera monga nkhaka, anyezi, zosiyanasiyana mizu masamba, nyemba, kapena mbewu mbewu ayenera kutsogolera kabichi m'munda. Pambuyo pa kukula kwa zomera zotere m'nthaka, zakudya zambiri zimakhalabe zofunika kwa kabichi kuti zikule bwino.
Ndikofunika kudziwa kuti kubzala kabichi pabedi limodzi sikungakhale zaka zoposa 2-3 pansi pa mzere. Ndi bwino kupereka nthaka yopuma pansi pa zomera zina kwa zaka 4.
Kukonzekera nthaka yofesa mbewu za kabichi kuyenera kutero ndi kuyamba kwa masika. Panthawiyi, iyeneranso kukumba bwino mokwanira, ndikuyikamo ndi oxygen yofunikira. M'munda sayenera kupanga mabedi ambiri, pafupifupi mita imodzi.
Ngati munda wanu uli pamalo pomwe madzi akukwera pamwamba, nkofunika kukumba makungwa ozungulira pamunda.
Manyowa ayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito ku nthaka (ndi chiwerengero cha bedi la 1m2):
- Pafupifupi 1-1.5 zidebe (10-15 malita) omwe anatha kufalitsa humus. Ndibwino kugwiritsa ntchito kompositi.
- Superphosphate mu kuchuluka kwa supuni 2.
- Supuni 1 ya sulfate ya potaziyamu.
- Ngati n'kotheka, mukhoza kuwonjezeranso supuni ziwiri za feteleza zovuta kunthaka.
Mitundu yotchuka kwambiri ya kabichi ndi kusiyana kwawo
Mitundu yonse ndi hybrids ya kabichi imagawidwa m'magulu akulu asanu, ndizofunikira kwambiri nthawi yomwe yakucha. Pa nthawi yomweyi, kusiyana kwa kuyambira kwa mitundu yoyamba ndi yatsopano kungakhale masiku 50-70.
- Gulu la oyambirira kucha kucha kabichi. Zomera zimakhala masiku 105-120, mitu ya kabichi imabuka kumayambiriro kwa chilimwe.
Ntchito yaikulu ya kabichi - gwiritsani ntchito mwachindunji mawonekedwe atsopano. Kabichi yotereyi si yabwino yosankha kapena yosungirako nyengo yozizira. Izi zimaphatikizapo: "June" (cabbages mpaka 1 kilogalamu), "Golden Hectar" (makilogalamu 5-8.5 a zokolola 1m2), "Ditmarsher" (mass of cabbages pafupifupi 2.5 kilograms), "Mphatso" (kuchokera kumalo 1 m2 kusonkhanitsa kuchokera 6 mpaka 10 kilogram ya mitu ya kabichi).
- Mid-oyambirira kabichi mitundu. Amakula msinkhu masiku khumi kuposa oyambirira. Kabichi imeneyi imagwiritsidwa ntchito mwamsanga kugwa, imakhalanso yowawa, koma imangowonongeka pomwepo (imakhala yokoma kwa miyezi 2-3 yokha)
Anthu otchuka kwambiri m'gulu lino ndi mitundu ya Stakhanovka (cabbages imatha kufika pa 1.5-2.5 kilograms), Lanedukererele (makina akuluakulu komanso owopsa kwambiri omwe amalemera makilogalamu 5), F1 Metino (3 kilograms) mitu ya kabichi yomwe silingatheke).
- Mzaka zapakati-nyengo kabichi - kucha m'masiku 131-145 kuchokera nthawi yofesa mbewu. Mitundu iyi imayang'ana pa nthawi yaitali yosungirako, zabwino kwa pickling.
Ndibwino kuti mukhale ndi chidwi ndi mitundu ina ya "Slava 1305", yomwe ili ndi makina akuluakulu komanso owoneka bwino kwambiri omwe amalemera makilogalamu asanu, komanso "Slava Gribovskaya 231" ndi makina akuluakulu omwewo.
- Mitundu ya kabichi ya sing'anga-yomaliza imakhala ndi cholinga chochulukitsa ndalama, ngakhale zimakhala nthawi yaitali kuyembekezera kucha - masiku 146-160.
Mitu ya cabbages imeneyi ndi yabwino yokhala pansi, ngati mumasunga malo ouma ndi ozizira. "Zomera" (mitu ya 2.9 mpaka 4.5 kilograms) ndi "Final" (zokolola zosapitirira matani 50 kuchokera ku hekta 1) zimatchuka kwambiri.
- Mitengo ya kabichi yochedwa. Ngakhale chitetezo cha mbeu ya mitunduyi ndipamwamba kwambiri, komabe chifukwa cha nthawi yaitali yakucha (kuyambira masiku 161 mpaka 185), ikhoza kufota m'madera ambiri.
Izi ndi kabichi "Bagaevskaya" (yomwe ili pamtunda wa 5 kilograms), "Valentine F1" (zokolola za 1 mita mita - 8 kilograms), "Wizard F1" (zipatso 2.5-3.5 kilogalamu).
Mitundu yoyambirira yokhayo ingabzalidwe pamalo otseguka, kenakake kokha pansi pa filimu.
Momwe mungakonzekerere mbeu zobzala pamalo otseguka
Pofuna kukhazikitsa bata la mbewu ndi zomera zamtsogolo, amachizidwa ndi madzi otentha.
Pachifukwachi, mbewu za kabichi zimatsanulidwa ndi madzi kutentha kwa 40-45 ° C kwa mphindi 15, kenako nkuwongolera kwa mphindi zingapo m'madzi ozizira.
Komanso, ndifunikira kwambiri maola khumi ndi awiri kuti awagwiritse ntchito muzitsulo zamchere kuchokera ku fetereza iliyonse.
Pofuna kuumitsa mbeu, amafunikanso kutumizidwa tsiku limodzi ozizira ndi kutentha kwa 1-2ºє, osambitsidwa kale m'madzi ozizira. Chipinda chino chikhoza kukhala pansi kapena firiji.
Zomwe zimakhazikika: malo akuluakulu ndi malamulo
Kuti mutu wa kabichi ukhale bwino ndi kucha, mbewu ndi mbande ziyenera kufesedwa ndikubzalidwa bwino. Apo ayi, chomeracho chidzadwala, chidzakula bwino ndipo mbeuyo siidzakhala zofanana ndi zomwe munkayembekezera kuchokera kuzinthu zosiyanasiyana zomwe mwasankha.
Kodi ndi nthawi iti yomwe mungabzalitse mbeu za kabichi mutseguka?
Sikoyenera kuyamba kufesa mofulumira kwambiri, chifukwa masika a chisanu angakulepheretseni kumera. Ndibwino kuti mubzala mbeuyi pambuyo pa mwezi woyamba wa May, ngakhale kuti kumadera akum'mwera izi zikhoza kuchitika pambuyo pa mwezi woyamba wa April, kapena kumayambiriro kwa mwezi wa March.
Choncho, ngakhale mutabzala kabichi ndi mbeu zowonekera, oyambirira kabichi akhoza kubzala mbeu pa 20 July-August. Komanso, sikuyenera kuchedwa ndi vutoli, chifukwa mu August, patatha masiku 20-30, yoyamba yophukira chisanu ingayambe, yomwe ingakhoze kuvulaza kale, koma yosakwanira, yokolola.
Komanso, kufesa mbewu za kabichi, makamaka mitundu yoyambirira, sizingatheke panthawi imodzimodziyo. Mutapanga masiku awiri pakati pa mbeu, mudzatambasula nthawi yakukolola.
Ndondomeko yofesa mbewu ndi kubzala mbande kabichi
Kufesa mbewu za kabichi pansi zimapangidwa mwakachetechete okonzedwa bwino kwa 1 cm, ndipo mtunda pakati pawo ndi 3-4 masentimita. Mbewu izi zisanachitike Ndikofunika kuuma pang'onokotero kuti asamamatire kumanja, chifukwa mbewuzo zimayikidwa m'mphepete mwa chimodzi chimodzi pamtunda wa masentimita imodzi.
Nthaka imakhala yochepa pang'ono. Ndi nyengo yabwino, mbande zidzawoneke mu sabata. Mitengo ikafika kukula kotero kuti ayamba kusokonezana, amafunika kukhala pansi.
Mukamabzala mbande zoyambirira za kabichi, danga pakati pa mizere iwiri ya zomera sayenera kukhala osachepera 40-45 centimita. Koma m'mizere pakati pa mitengo iwiriyi idzakhala mtunda wokwana 20-25 masentimita.
Kwa mitundu yotsatira, chitsanzo chodzala chidzakhala chosiyana kwambiri. Makamaka, malowa adzakhala pakati pa masentimita 50 mpaka 60, ndi malo pakati pa makateji awiri - osachepera 30 centimita.
Ndizosangalatsa kuwerenga za mitundu ya tsabola ku Moscow
Kupereka kabichi ndi chisamaliro chofunikira: malangizo ofunikira kwambiri
Mwatsoka, kabichi sangakhoze kukula popanda kusamalidwa nthawi zonse. Kuthamangitsira kumalo a zinyama zakutchire zomwe zingakhale zovuta kukhala opanda mbewu. Kwa iye, mukufunika kuti mukhale ndi nthawi zonse sungani malo enaake a dothi ndipo musaiwale kuchotsa pamsongole namsongole omwe angathe kuchepetsa kukula kwa kabichi palokha.
Kuonjezerapo, pali nthenda yambiri ya tizilombo ndi matenda, zomwe nthawi zina zimapweteka kwambiri mbewu zamtsogolo. Zonsezi zimafunikanso kwa woyang'anira munda kuyang'anitsitsa mabedi omwe kabichi yabzalidwa, komanso kukhazikitsa ntchito zomwe zafotokozedwa pansipa.
Matenda ndi tizirombo ta kabichi: momwe tingakanire ndi kumenyana
Popewera nsabwe za m'masamba, osiyanasiyana slugs ndi misomali kabichi akulimbikitsidwa ufa pogwiritsa ntchito phulusa. Pankhani imeneyi, pafupifupi 1 chikho cha chinthu ichi chikugwiritsidwa ntchito pa 1 m2. Komanso mungagwiritse ntchito fodya.
Kabichi yothandizidwa komanso mothandizidwa ndi mankhwala osiyanasiyana omwe cholinga chake ndi chiwonongeko kapena kulimbana ndi vuto linalake. Ngati muli mdani wa mankhwala, tizilombo tingathe kusonkhanitsa kuchokera ku chomera ndi dzanja, pamene tikuyesera kuwononga mazira omwe adayika.
Kugwiritsa ntchito tizilombo toyambitsa matenda timapanga kuchokera ku burdock, nsonga za phwetekere, kapena peyala anyezi.
Masiku ano, njira zosiyanasiyana zovundikira zimagwiritsidwa ntchito polimbana nazo, pogwiritsa ntchito zipangizo zofunikira zomwe sizikuphimba.
Koma mulimonsemo, chinthu chofunika kwambiri ndikumvetsera zomera, nthawi zonse kuyang'anitsitsa chikhalidwe chawo.
Timapereka mabedi a chinyezi ndi kabichi
Kabichi amakonda chinyezi, choncho kuthirira chifukwa chake zikhale zoyenera.
Imwani madzi onse mutangoyamba kubzala, nthawi yothirira madzi isakhale yochuluka kuposa masiku 3-4 kuchokera nthawi yomwe idatsirira kale. Izi nthawi zonse ziyenera kusungidwa kwa milungu iwiri, pogwiritsa ntchito pafupifupi 6-8 malita a madzi pa mita imodzi iliyonse. Ndiye kuthirira kumachitika kokha kamodzi pa sabata, pogwiritsira ntchito 10-12 malita pa malo omwewo pabedi.
Kwa oyambirira mitundu, wambiri madzi kuthirira ndi yabwino mu June, koma kwa kenako mitundu - mu August. Ndikofunika kuthirira chomeracho m'mawa kapena madzulo, pogwiritsa ntchito madzi otentha osachepera 18 ºС.
Pang'ono ponena za kudyetsa kabichi: ndi feteleza ati ndipo ndingagwiritse ntchito kuchuluka kotani?
Ndidyetsa kabichi nthawi zambiri komanso zambiri. Mbewu yoyamba m'nthaka ikuchitika mkati mwa masiku 20 mutabzala pamalo osatha.
Kugwiritsa ntchito yankho la mullein: 0,5 malita pa 10 malita a madzi. Pa chomera chilichonse muyenera kutenga 0,5 malita.
Zakudya izi zikuchitika masiku khumi. Pakali pano kuchuluka kwa feteleza chofunika ndi chomera chimodzi kumakula kwa lita imodzi.
Komanso, pamwambamwamba pamwambapa, muyenera kuwonjezera supuni 1 ya Crystalline.
Mullear ingasinthidwe ndi zitosi za nkhuku.
Zakudya ziwiri zomwe zikufotokozedwa ndizofunikira kwa onse oyambirira kabichi mitundu ndi mochedwa.
Chakudya chachitatu chiyenera kuchitika kokha mochedwa kabichi, chimachitika mu June. Mu njira ya malita 10 a madzi perekani supuni 2 za superphosphate.
Pafupifupi 6-8 malita a fetereza amagwiritsidwa ntchito pamtunda wa mita imodzi. Kudyetsa kumeneku kungabwerezedwe mu August, pogwiritsa ntchito kale nitrophoska.
Kuwaza kabichi: ndi chiyani ndipo ndi chifukwa chiyani chikufunika?
Kuumitsa kwa kabichi kuyenera kuchitidwa ngakhale pamene kuli mmera. Ndikofunika kokha kwa zomera zomwe poyamba zinakulira mu greenhouses kapena m'nyumba.
Kotero, ngakhale masiku 15-20 asanamweke, amamupha ndi kutentha ndi kuwala. Kuti miche ikhale yosagwira kutentha, filimu imachotsedwa pamwamba pake kapena mabokosi amachotsedwa pa khonde.
Simungalole kuti kutentha kukhale pansi pa 5-6 ºС. Mwachibadwa, izi ziyenera kuchitika masana komanso nyengo yozizira kotero kuti chomeracho chimapeza dzuwa kwambiri ngati n'kotheka.
Nthawi ndi zinthu zina za kabichi zokolola
Oyambirira kabichi akhoza kukolola kumapeto kwa July - oyambirira August, ndi kum'mwera zigawo - ngakhale kumapeto kwa June. Pa nthawi imodzimodziyo, makitiwa ayenera kudula ndi mpeni, chifukwa mapesi a chomerawa ndi owopsa kwambiri.
Kabichi yam'mbuyo, yomwe idzasungidwe nyengo yozizira, ikukololedwa pamapeto otsiriza - m'masiku otsiriza a Oktoba ndi masiku oyambirira a November. Ngati mutakhala ndi cholinga cha kabichi wowawasa, ndiye kuti mukufunikira Oyera kuchokera ku mabedi pakati pa mwezi wa October.
Kusunga kabichi bwino, kudulidwa ndi chingwe chokhalitsa. Komanso, ndi bwino kuchoka pafupi ndi mutu wa masamba obiriwira omwe sagwirizana nawo. Pa nthawi yosungirako, ndikofunika kwambiri kukhalabe otentha kutentha pakati pa 0 ndi 5 ºС. Mpweya wabwino wa chinyezi uyenera kukhala pa 80-85%.
