Dziko lirilonse liri ndi mitundu yodziwika bwino ya zinyama, zomwe zimapambana kuposa zina zimagwirizana ndi malo ena, pamene zosiyana ndi zokolola zambiri. Monga "wanyama" wotchuka kwambiri pa nkhaniyi anali ndipo amakhalabe ng'ombe, ndikufuna ndikuuze za iye poyamba. Tiyeni tione zomwe ng'ombe zikudziwika ku Belarus, ndi zomwe ziri zodabwitsa.
Kugwiritsa ntchito ng'ombe za ng'ombe ndi mkaka ku Belarus
Mkaka wa khola uli ndi 85 peresenti ya mkaka wonse wa mkaka padziko lapansi, kotero n'zosadabwitsa kuti anthu a ku Belarus amavomereza. Choncho, zaka 7 zapitazi, ulimiwu unangowonjezera: kuchokera pa matani zikwi 6,500 mu 2011 kufika pa matani zikwi 7,500 mu 2017. Ngati tipitiliza kuwonjezeka, zikuoneka kuti kumapeto kwa chaka cha 2018 chiwerengerochi chidzawonjezeka ndi 1-2%, ndipo dera la Minsk, makamaka m'madera a Logoisk ndi Volozhin, amayamba kuonedwa ngati mtsogoleri wa mkaka m'dzikoli.
Werengani za ubwino wa mkaka wa ng'ombe kwa thupi la munthu.
Gawo lochokera kunja kwa mkaka ndi mkaka ndi pafupifupi 70 peresenti, kotero tikhoza kunena kuti pang'ono peresenti ya chiwerengero chonse cha zokolola zodyera, ndipo zikuoneka kuti izi ndi zokwanira. 
Kukula kwa nyama m'dzikoli, nawonso Belarus imangowonjezera msinkhu wake. Choncho, mu 2017, ulimi wa ng'ombe wochuluka wochulukitsa nkhumba unakula ndi 8% poyerekeza ndi zaka zinayi zapitazi, ndipo pofika chaka cha 2020, akuyenera kutumizira matani 152,000 a nyama kunja. Malingana ndi deta yosadziwika, pafupifupi, munthu wina wa ku Belarus amadya pafupifupi makilogalamu 100 pachaka, ndipo pafupifupi hafu ya mtengo umenewu ndi ng'ombe.
Mukudziwa? Dzina la nyama ya ng'ombe ("ng'ombe") imachokera ku liwu lakale la Chirasha "ng'ombe", kutanthauza "ng'ombe".
Ndi mitundu iti ya ng'ombe yotchuka ku Republic
Poganizira za kutchuka kwa njuchi m'dziko muno, ng'ombe zowonjezereka zimakwezedwa chaka chilichonse m'minda m'mapadera ndi boma, osasankha nyama komanso mitundu ya mkaka. Odziwika kwambiri ndi oimira miyala yakuda-motley, miyala yofiira ndi Simmental, yomwe imasiyanitsa ndi zokolola zambiri.
Black ndi motley
Mitunduyi imayimira kayendedwe ka mkaka ndipo imaonekera ku Netherlands m'zaka za XVIII-XIX. Otsatira a masiku ano omwe amaimira mtundu wawo ndi Dutch ndi Ostfriz, koma chifukwa cha thupi lawo lopanda chitetezo komanso thupi lofooka, obereketsa anayenera kusintha mtundu wa zaka za m'ma 2000, chifukwa choti nyama yawo ikuwonjezeka. Mbewu yowonjezera ya ng'ombe zakuda idakhala mtundu wosiyana kokha mu 1960. 
Pogwiritsa ntchito maonekedwe awo, ndi bwino kuonetsa zotsatirazi:
- mutu - motalika, ndi chimbudzi chokhazikika;
- nyanga - imvi, ndi mapeto a mdima;
- khosi - kutalika kwa kutalika, popanda kutchulidwa kwa minofu, koma ndi mapepala;
- chifuwa - m'lifupi mwake, kuya kwa 70-75 masentimita;
- kumbuyo - wathanzi, wokongoletsa mmbuyo ndi lalikulu sacrum;
- miyendo - yosalala ndi yamphamvu, yokhazikika;
- mimba - zowopsa kwambiri, ndi udzu wofanana ndi mbale ndi magawo osagwirizana nawo.
Ng'ombe za wakuda ndi zoyera zikuluzikulu zowola ndi 130-132 masentimita (kutalika kwa thupi - 158-162 masentimita), kulemera kwa makilogalamu 550-650 kwa akazi ndi 900-1000 makilogalamu amuna. Pa kubadwa, kulemera kwa ng'ombe ndi 37-42 makilogalamu.
Ndikofunikira!Ng'ombe zofiira ndi zoyera ku Belarus zimapanga 99,8% ya chiwerengero cha mitundu yolima.Ng'ombe zimenezi zitha kudzitamandira zizindikiro zabwino zowonongeka, komabe zimadalira kwambiri zakudya zamtundu komanso zofunikira zothandizira. Pafupipafupi, muyenera kuganizira mfundo zotsatirazi:
- zokolola mkaka pachaka - 3500-6000 makilogalamu;
- mafuta a mkaka - 3.4-3.6%, okhala ndi mapuloteni a 3.1-3.3%;
- kupha nyama - 55-60%;
- kukula msinkhu - zolimbitsa thupi, komanso mofulumira kumanga nyumba zimakhala ndi zakudya zokhala ndi zakudya zochepa zokwanira.
Tiyenera kukumbukira kuti poyerekeza ndi ziweto zina za mkaka, zokolola za omwe akuyimira mtunduwu zimapangitsa kuti azikhala ndi malo amodzi omwe akutsogolera msika wamakono. Komabe, ntchito yobereketsa ndi nyama ikupitirizabe m'dzikoli lero, kotero kuti posachedwapa tidzatha kukambirana zapamwamba za zokolola m'madera onse.
Fufuzani zabwino za mkaka ndi zoweta ng'ombe ku Russia.
Nthambi yofiira
Chilendo chinanso ku Belarus ndi ng'ombe za mkaka. Ngakhale kuti iwo ndi ocheperapo kusiyana ndi omwe anapezeka m'madera a dzikoli, izi sizimapangitsa kuti azindikire. Mbiri ya maonekedwe a mtunduwu imabwerera m'zaka za m'ma 1800, ndipo makolo ake ndi ng'ombe zamphongo za abambo ndi zinyama. Kwa zaka makumi anayi, ntchito yoswana kuti zikhale zatsopano za nyama zatsopano sizinaime, ndipo posachedwapa asayansi anayesera kukonza mkaka wamakono ndi nyama mwa kudutsa nsanja yofiira yomwe ilipo ndi oimira mtundu wofiira wa ku Denmark. 
Kunja kwa zinyama zamakono zili ndi makhalidwe awa:
- mutu - sing'anga, ndi chimbudzi chochepa ndi sing'anga;
- khosi - owonda, ndi mapanga ambiri ndi kufota;
- chifuwa - zakuya, koma osati kwakukulu kwambiri, mphulupulu imakula;
- kumbuyo - wathanzi, gawo lakumbuyo ndi lalikulu;
- miyendo - yosalala ndi yamphamvu;
- mimba - lalikulu, koma samawoneka kuti akungoyenda;
- udder - zazikulu kukula, zowonongeka (nthawizina pali ng'ombe zomwe zimakhala zosaoneka bwino);
- sutiyi - wofiira, ndi zolemba zosiyana ndi zoyera.
Zowonongeka, ng'ombe zazikulu zamtundu uwu siziposa 136-129 masentimita (kutalika kwa thupi - 155-160 masentimita), ndi amuna 800-900 makilogalamu ndi akazi mkati mwa 550-600 makilogalamu. Anthu obadwa kumene amasiyana molemera makilogalamu 30, koma pafupi ndi miyezi isanu ndi umodzi akhoza kufika 185 makilogalamu.
Mukudziwa? Ng'ombe yayikulu kwambiri yomwe ili mu Guinness Book of Records ndi ng'ombe ya Blos, yomwe ili ku Illinois ndipo inamwalira mu 2015 pambuyo povulala mwendo. Kutalika kwake kunali masentimita 190, ndipo apobe palibe deta yolondola yomwe mbiri iyi inathyoledwa.Pogwiritsa ntchito ng'ombe yofiira, munthu sangathe kuthandizira koma amamvetsera zizindikiro za zokolola zake, zomwe, zedi, nyama zoterozo ndizofunika. Amtengo wapatali pa nkhaniyi akuwoneka ngati awa:
- zokolola mkaka pachaka - 3500-4500 kg;
- mafuta a mkaka - 3.7-3.9%, okhala ndi mapuloteni a 3.2-3.5%;
- kupha nyama - 54-56% (minofu imakula mosavuta ng'ombe ndi ng'ombe);
- phindu lolemera - Pafupipafupi, ndi mafuta olemera, 900 g patsiku.
Ngakhale kuti nkhuku zofiira zimakhala zochepa kwambiri, ng'ombe yofiira imakhala yofunika kwambiri ku Belarus, komanso ku Russia, yomwe imakhala yaikulu chifukwa cha kukula kwake kwabwino komanso kuthekera kwa nyengo iliyonse.
Werengani zambiri zokhudzana ndi ziweto zoberekera.
Simmental
Nyaka yakale kwambiri mwa mitundu yonseyo imayimilidwa. Ochita kafukufuku akadalibe lingaliro lofanana ponena za chiyambi cha nyama ndi nyama zakumwa za mkaka, ndipo chinthu chokha chomwe amavomerezana nacho chiri m'dziko lochokera ku Switzerland. Malingaliro amodzi, pakati pa makolo a ng'ombe zamakono zamakono (dzina lachiwiri ndi Bern) pali zinyama zakutchire zomwe zinkayenda ndi ng'ombe za Helvet, ndipo pazinthu zachiwiri, ng'ombe za ku Scandinavia zinabweretsedwa ku dziko la Switzerland muzaka zachisanu ndi makumi asanu ndi makumi asanu ndi makumi asanu ndi limodzi.
Kunja, izi ndi ng'ombe zowoneka komanso zokongola, zomwe zimachokera kwa ena ndi mbali zawo zakunja:
- mutu - wonyezimira, waukulu, ndi mutu waukulu ndi mphuno yokongola ya pinki ndi maso;
- nyanga zowala - ochepa, makamaka kumamatira kumbali;
- khosi - yaifupi ndi yopindika, imadutsa mu chifuwa;
- chifuwa - kuya, ng'ombe zimakhala ndi ziwonetsero zooneka bwino;
- kumbuyo - kupyapyala, kutembenukira kuchitali chotalika ndi sacrum (kumera kumakhala kwakukulu);
- miyendo - Kulunjika, bwino bwino, ndi ziboda pinki pansi;
- mimba - zoyera, zazing'ono, koma zimayima pambali, udder ndi wozungulira;
- sutiyi - kirimu kapena kirimu-motley, ngakhale kuti zofiira-zofiira kapena zofiira-ndi-zoyera zimapezeka.
Ndikofunikira! Ena mwa abambo a mtunduwo nthawi zina amakhala ndi miyendo yamphongo, yokonzedwa ngati njovu. Mbali imeneyi imaonedwa ngati yachinyengo ndipo imaletsa kugwiritsa ntchito nyama pofuna kubereka.Kulemera kwa ng ombe yaikulu imakhala pakati pa 550 mpaka 900 makilogalamu, pamene ng'ombezo zimafika pamtengo wa 850-1300 kg. Pa nthawi imodzimodziyo, kulemera kwa ana ang'onoting'ono kumapitirira 45 makilogalamu, chifukwa chake kubadwa koyamba kumachitika ndi mavuto. Kutalika kwa ubweya wa ng'ombe wamkulu kumasiyana pakati pa 145-155 masentimita ndi kutalika kwa thupi la 160 cm.
Ponena za zikhalidwe zabwino za ng'ombe za Simmental, A Belarus amadziwa kuti zizindikiro zotsatirazi ndi izi:- zokolola mkaka pachaka - 3500-5000 makilogalamu ndi zina;
- mafuta a mkaka - 3.8-4.0%, okhala ndi mapuloteni okwana 4-5%;
- kupha nyama - 55-65%;
- khalidwe la nyama - mkulu, wolemekezeka ndi zakutali zake zambiri;
- kukula msinkhu - kulemera kolemera kwaching'ono 850-1100 g pa tsiku;
- nthenda yaikulu ya kubadwa kwa ana amapasa.
Phunzirani momwe mungasamalire komanso kudyetsa mtundu wa ng'ombe wa Simmental.
Ng'ombe za Simmental ndi zinyama zamphamvu komanso zamphamvu, koma izi sizikutanthauza kuti n'zotheka kuwasamalira kwambiri kuposa mitundu ina yofotokozera. Aliyense wa iwo adzadziwika ndi zokolola zokha pokhapokha ngati ali ndi moyo wabwino komanso zakudya zabwino, ndipo ngati tiganizira zowerengera za ng'ombe ndi mkaka wa ku Belarusi, alimi amadziwa izi.
