Nkhuka zikachoka, dzulo lokha limakhala lamtengo wapatali komanso lobiriwira, mwadzidzidzi linayamba kutembenuka chikasu, muyenera kuchitapo kanthu mwamsanga kuti muteteze chomeracho. Ichi ndi chizindikiro cha matenda aakulu, choncho sangathe kunyalanyazidwa. Taganizirani zomwe zinayambitsa kusintha kosavuta kwa masamba a masamba omwe amakhudzidwa ndi nkhaka komanso momwe angachitire.
Zomwe zimayambitsa masamba a chikasu
Pali zifukwa zingapo za chikasu cha masamba a chikasu, omwe angatsimikizidwe poganizira malo omwe zomera zimakula (nthaka yotseguka, wowonjezera kutentha, wowonjezera kutentha), mawonekedwe ndi malo a necrosis mawanga pa tsamba la masamba. Chifukwa chofala kwambiri ndi kusagwirizana ndi zolima zaulimi kapena zolakwika mu chisamaliro cha mbewu. Nthaŵi zina chikasu pamapiritsi a masamba amasonyeza kusowa kofunikira kwa zakudya kapena chitukuko cha matenda opatsirana. 
Kuthirira kolakwika
Nkhaka zimakonda kwambiri madzi, kusowa kwa chinyezi kumayambitsa kutaya madzi kwa zomera ndi choyamba chizindikiro cha kuyanika kwa muzu wokhazikika akhoza kukhala chikasu cha masamba.
Kwa nkhaka, njira yabwino yothirira ndi yofunikanso.Kuthirira kumakhala koyenera (nthawi zonse usiku) komanso kokwanira.
Zimakhala zosavuta kufufuza ngati nkhaka zanu zili ndi chinyezi chokwanira: ngati bedi lapansi limanyowa pang'onopang'ono kuposa masentimita 15, chirichonse chiripo ndipo pali chinyezi chokwanira.
Ndikofunikira! Madzi ambiri a nkhaka si abwino nthawi zonse, makamaka nyengo yozizira. Madzi mumsampha uwu ukhoza kuyambitsa mizu ndi zipatso za mazira. Ngati kutentha kwa mpweya kumadutsa pansi pa 10°C, kuthirira mabedi ayenera kuimitsidwa kwa kanthawi.
Zolakwika za feteleza
Kuwonjezeka kwa pamwamba ndi pansi pa nthaka kumatha kuchepetsa zomera ndikuyambitsa kuchepa kwa zakudya. Kulephera uku kumayambitsa chikasu pa masamba. Pakutha nkhaka ayenera kudyetsedwa kangapo ndi feteleza, zomwe zili ndi nayitrogeni yokwanira ndi zinthu zina zothandiza. 
Dzidziwitse nokha ndi maonekedwe a nkhaka kumunda, wowonjezera kutentha, ndowa, mbiya, matumba, pawindo, khonde, pogwiritsa ntchito hydroponics.
Kutentha kotentha
Nkhaka ndi zamasamba ndipo zimasowa chinyezi komanso nyengo yofunda. Pofuna kulima bwino mukufunikira kutsata mokwanira ndi kutentha kwakukulu. Iwo amadziwika kuti nkhaka mazira amapeza misa usiku, ndipo ngati kutentha kwa mpweya kumadutsa pansi pa 10 ° C, kukula kwa zipatso kumasiya ndipo masamba amatembenukira chikasu. Izi ndizochitika mwachilengedwe cha zomera zozizira mpaka kutentha.
Kutentha
Kutentha kwa kutenthedwa kumachitika pambuyo kuthirira nkhaka mu nyengo yotentha ndipo kumawoneka ngati mawanga ofiira kapena achikasu. Madontho a madzi otsala pamasamba, atayang'ana kumalo a dzuŵa, amawoneka ngati mpweya wamoto, umene umayambitsa moto. Ndicho chifukwa chake tikulimbikitsidwa kuthirira nkhaka madzulo (pambuyo pa maola 16) komanso nthawi zonse pamzu. 
Tizilombo ndi matenda
Mu zomera zowonongeka kawirikawiri zowuma kapena masamba a chikasu amapezeka - chifukwa cha izi ndi matenda a fungal ndi mavairasi. Matenda ambiri pakati pa mbewu za dzungu, zomwe nkhaka ziri, ndi kugonjetsedwa ndi Fusarium.
Pezani zomwe zili zoopsa za Fusarium ndi momwe mungagwirire ndi matendawa a nkhaka.
Kuwonongeka kwa mizu
Mizu ingathe kuonongeka ndi tizilombo toyambitsa tizilombo, kapena mvula yamagulu, mbewa kapena shrews. Komanso, chomera mizu ingakhoze kuonongeka panthawi ya udzu (kuchepetsa, kumasula). Kusokonezeka kwa kukula kwabwino kwa mizu kungayambitse maonekedwe achikasu.
Mukudziwa? Mkulu wamkulu komanso mfumu ya ku France Napoleon Bonaparte ankakonda komanso kuyamikira nkhaka. Pokhala paulendo kwa nthawi yayitali, adamva kuti alibe masambawa, choncho adalonjezedwa mphotho yayikulu (yofanana ndi ndalama zokwana 250,000 zamasiku ano) kwa munthu yemwe angapereke njira yabwino yopezera nkhaka mwatsopano m'nyengo yozizira. Mbiri ndi chete ngati aliyense walandira mphoto iyi.
Chochita ndi momwe mungadyetse: kumvetsetsa zambiri
Musanayambe kuchitapo kanthu kuti muteteze kasupe wa chikasu, muyenera kumvetsetsa zifukwa.
Kusuta ndi kupotoza
Masamba okhwima ndi achikasu masamba ndi chizindikiro chochititsa mantha chomwe chimasonyeza mavuto akukula:
- Kusasowa kwa zakudya. Ngati, poyang'ana kuyang'ana mabedi, zinazindikiranso kuti mapepala a masamba adataya kuwala kwawo ndipo m'mphepete mwawo anayamba kukulunga - mwinamwake zomera zimasowa feteleza a nayitrogeni. Ngati zingatheke kuti mapepalawo adakula motalika, koma salikulirakulira lonse, zomera zimasowa kudya kovuta.
- Mliri wa nkhaka ndi powdery mildew. Kawirikawiri dzungu ndi vwende mbewu akuwonekera kuti matenda kumapeto June - oyambirira July. Chitsamba chodwala chimakhala ndi mbale zamasamba ndi zopotoka. Pofuna kupewa izi, kapena kuchiza odwala kale, mankhwala amayamba ndi mankhwala a Bordeaux (gawo limodzi) kapena kukonzekera mankhwala ena. Ngati chomera chiri mu wowonjezera kutentha kapena wowonjezera kutentha, nthawi zonse mpweya wabwino ndi ma drafts ndi zofunika.
- Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Ngati masambawo ataya kuwala, tembenuzani chikasu ndi kupiringa mu chubu, ndizotheka kuti tizilombo toopsa takhazikika pa nkhaka. Tembenuzani tsamba la tsamba ndikuliyang'anitsitsa. Mwinamwake, idzaphimbidwa ndi nsabwe za m'masamba zabwino kapena akangaude. Mungathe kulimbana ndi mliriwu mothandizidwa ndi mankhwala (tizilombo toyambitsa matenda kapena acaricides). Ndikofunika kupopera zomera zomwe zakhudzidwa ndi kukonzekera, ndipo patapita masiku 10-12, bwerezani mankhwala kuti mukonze zotsatira.
- Matenda a chiwindi. Ngati agrotechnical kulima amawonetseredwa (kutentha, kudyetsa, chithandizo cha matenda ndi tizilombo toononga), koma masamba opunduka kapena obiriwira amawonekerabe m'minda ya nkhaka, izi zikusonyeza kuti matendawa ndi ochiritsira. Chomera choterocho chiyenera kuchotsedwa m'munda nthawi yomweyo, kuchotsedwa kunja kwa munda ndikuwonongedwa ndi chithandizo cha moto. Izi sizingalole kuti tizilombo tizilombo tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tizilombo toyambitsa matenda.
- Kutentha kwa dzuwa kapena kusowa kwa kutentha. Masamba a chikasu amamasula nthawi zambiri kuti asawonetsetse kutentha kwa chikhalidwe cha kukula kwa chikhalidwe. Kutentha kwa usiku kapena masana, kapena kukhudzana ndi tsamba la masamba la zomera ndi makoma ozizira a wowonjezera kutentha, zimapangitsa masamba kuti azipota. Mbaliyi iyeneranso kuganiziridwa mukamadzala zomera zazing'ono m'mabotolo kapena zobiriwira, osati kuzibzala pafupi ndi makoma a pogona.
- Mpweya wouma Monga tanenera pamwambapa, nkhaka imakonda mphepo yamtendere ndi yotentha. Ngati mulibe chinyezi chokwanira mlengalenga ndipo chomera chimakhala ndi "njala ya madzi", ndiye kuti muchepetse tsamba, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti madzi asamasunuke, tsamba lalikulu la masamba lidzakulungidwa mu chubu. Vutoli ndi losavuta kukonza ndi madzi okwanira ambiri.
Phunzirani momwe mungagwirire ndi powdery mildew pa nkhaka.
Mukudziwa? Mfumu yakale ya Roma Tiberius anali woyambitsa komanso kholo la nyumba yotentha. Malingana ndi zilakolako zake ndi zosowa zake, omvera ake anapanga ndi kumanga zipinda zowonongeka, kumene nkhaka zinakula kuti zikhale za mfumu m'nyengo yozizira.
Kuphulika kwa masamba apansi
Kawirikawiri, vutoli limabwera kwa masamba, omwe ali pafupi ndi nthaka, monga ngati zinthu sizikuyendera bwino, zomera zimatumiza zakudya zonse kumtunda, kumene kumakhala kukula ndi zipatso zamkati. Choncho, maonekedwe a chikasu m'munsi masamba sikuti amayamba chifukwa cha matenda. Nthawi zina zimakhala zachilengedwe - masamba amasanduka achikasu ndipo posachedwa amagwa pamene chomera chikuyesera kuchotsa tsamba loposa. 
Zifukwa za izi:
- Kuwala pang'ono. Nkhuka ili ndi tsamba limodzi lalikulu pa chifuwa chilichonse - motero, pa kasupe wa masamba 40 mpaka 70. Ngati zomera zobiriwira zotere zimabzalidwa m'mizere, izi zimapangitsa kukhala kolimba kwambiri komanso kumeta. Gawo lochepa la mbeu silinalandire dzuwa lokwanira, kotero nkhaka zimataya masamba apansi omwe amawathunzi.
- Madzi kapena chilala. Zonsezi zimayambitsa chikasu ndi tsamba kugwa.
- Mphepo yozizira ndi nthaka. Hypothermia imayambitsa imfa ya masamba m'munsi mwa mbewu.
- Kusasowa kwa zakudya. Kusintha kwa mtundu m'munsi mwa tsamba la tsambali kungasonyeze kusowa zakudya (magnesium, potassium kapena phosphorous). Kulephera kumeneku kungathe kudzazidwa, koma osati poyambitsa china chilichonse cha mchere, koma ndi kudyetsa kwathunthu. Ngati mukuyesera kubweretsa zinthu izi mosiyana, mungathe kuchita zolakwika (zosakwanira kuti mupange kapena ndikulingalira kwambiri).
- Matenda a fungal. Masamba omwe ali pansipa ndi oyamba kugwidwa ndi matenda a fungalum (fusarium, pythiasis, choipitsa). Izi zimathandizidwa ndi kukhudzana mwachindunji ndi nthaka, kuchuluka kwa chinyontho, kumeta. Zomera zimataya turgor, zimakhala zovuta, zochepa.
Ndikofunikira! Mabala a masamba omwe ali ndi vuto amafunika kuthyoledwa, kuchotsedwa ku wowonjezera kutentha kapena munda ndi kuwonongedwa ndi moto. Izi zidzathetsa kufalikira kwa matendawa m'mabedi obiriwira kapena makasu. Tiyenera kukumbukira kuti matenda opatsirana amayamba mofulumira kwambiri. - Ngati simutengapo kanthu mwamsanga, ndiye kuti masiku awiri kapena atatu, spores ya bowa ikhoza kuthetsa maluwa onse a nkhaka.
Kuphulika kuzungulira m'mphepete
Wamasamba akazindikira kuti m'mphepete mwa masamba a nkhaka amayamba kutembenukira chikasu - muyenera kumvetsa zifukwa ndi kuchitapo kanthu mwamsanga kuti musunge masamba.
- Matenda a fungal. Mtunduwu wa tsamba la necrosis umakhala ndi powdery mildew kuyambira pa nkhaka. Kuphatikiza kwa nyengo yamvula yozizira ndi chikasu cha m'mphepete mwa tsamba lakuda kumafuna chithandizo chofulumira cha nkhaka ndi Bordeaux madzi (imodzi peresenti yankho). Musapange njira yothetsera Bordeaux madzi ambiri, chifukwa izi zimayambitsa zomera imfa (mukhoza kutentha).
- Kupanda chinyezi m'mlengalenga ndi nthaka. Zifukwa izi zikhoza kuyambitsa nkhaka kuti ziwoneke ngati chikasu komanso zouma pambali pa masamba.
- Kupanda zakudya zamchere, mwina potaziyamu. Ngati masamba a nkhaka amaonekera kwambiri pakati pa tsamba, mzerewu ukuwonetsa kuti pakufunikira chofunika mwamsanga chomera feteleza, makamaka chovuta.
Chikasu cha mazira ndi masamba
Dontho lakuthwa pakati pa kutentha ndi kuchepa kwa kutentha (kawirikawiri palimodzi ndi mvula) kumapangitsa maonekedwe a fungal matenda mu masamba mbewu. Pankhaniyi, m'pofunika kuti mwamsanga muzitha kumanga nkhaka ndi mankhwala ("Kvadris", "Topaz", "Tiovit jet") kapena kukonzekera zamoyo.
Werengani zambiri za chifukwa chake nkhaka zamasamba zimatembenuka chikasu mu wowonjezera kutentha.
Zopanda phindu, koma zothandiza infusions kwa processing nkhaka zonyansa: whey ndi shuga wothandizira (supuni 1 ya shuga imatengedwa kwa 1 lita imodzi ya seramu), adyo madzi (100 g wa milled adyo kwa 2 l madzi, kusakaniza ndi kusiya kupereka kwa maola 24) .
Ngati chikasu chimawoneka osati m'munsi mwa mbeu, komanso chimawombera masamba apamwamba - ndi nthawi yopulumutsa zomera. Osanyalanyaza zizindikirozi, wolima munda angasiyidwe wopanda mbewu.
Mukudziwa? Nkhakayi inalowa mwakhama miyambo ya anthu kuyambira nthawi ya chitukuko cha Mesopotamiya - zaka zoposa zinayi ndi theka zapitazo. Oyamba adayamba kulima nkhaka monga anthu olimidwa ku India.
Zifukwa izi:- Kupanda kuunikira - kawirikawiri pa chifukwa ichi, masamba ndi nkhaka mazira ambiri amatembenukira chikasu. Mfundo yakuti palibenso kuwala kokwanira kwa mbeu sizingakhale zovuta, komabe, ngati gawo lapamwamba, la fruiting limakhala ndi kusowa kwa dzuwa, muyenera kupeza mwamsanga njira. Ngati chikhalidwe chikukula mu malo otentha, ndiye ngati ndikofunikira, yambani makoma owonongeka ndi denga la wowonjezera kutentha. Ngati vutoli liri mvula nthawi zonse - kukwera kumayenera kuchitidwa mwachangu mothandizidwa ndi fitolamps (kuyambira maola 4 mpaka 12 patsiku).
- Mphepo yamdima ndi nthaka. Kutentha kwakukulu kumapangitsa kuti chikasu ndi kufa kwa nkhaka mazira ndi tsamba la tsamba. M'mafakitale obiriwira, mkhalidwewo ukhoza kukonzedwanso mwa kukweza kutentha kwa mpweya pogwiritsa ntchito kutentha kutentha. Ngati pali mpweya wotentha mu wowonjezera kutentha, ndiye kuti kutentha kwa dothi, kumawongolera.
- Kusasowa zakudya zamchere. Kuthirira kumapangitsa kuti zomera zisakhale chinyezi, komanso kumatsuka mchere (nayitrogeni, potaziyamu) kuchokera pansi. Choncho, ayenera kuikidwa pansi pazitsamba kangapo pa nyengo. Vutoli limathetsedwa ndi kuyambitsa zovuta kumanga feteleza.
VIDEO: N'CHIFUKWA CHIYANI CHIYANI CHIMODZI NDI CHIMENE SIMAKWITSA MITU YA NKHANI PA ANTHU?
Wapamwamba mpweya kutentha kwa nkhaka
Zisanayambe fruiting:
- nyengo ya nyengo - kuyambira 22 mpaka 24 ° C;
- popanda kuwala kwa dzuwa - kuchokera 20 mpaka 22 ° C;
- usiku - kuyambira 17 mpaka 18 ° C.
- masana, nyengo ya nyengo - kuyambira 23 mpaka 26 ° C;
- nyengo yamvula - kuyambira 21 mpaka 23 ° C;
- usiku - kuyambira 18 mpaka 20 ° C.
Kusintha kwa chikasu
Ngati mawanga achikasu amaoneka pa tsamba la masamba obiriwira, ndibwino kuti nkhaka zimakhudzidwa ndi matenda amodzi.
- Anthracnose - Matendawa amatha kudziwika ndi mawonekedwe ofiira kapena ofiira pa tsamba la tsamba. Mphepete mwa mawanga awa sadzakhala ndi zovuta zomveka bwino, koma mafotokozedwe osatsutsika amakhala nawo. Nthaŵi yamvula kapena yamvula, komanso kutentha kwambiri mu wowonjezera kutentha, mapepala a pinki amaoneka otuluka pamatangidwe. Matendawa angatsimikizidwe ndi zikwapu zakuda - zilonda zomwe zimapezeka pa nkhaka zamasamba.
Kuchiza nkhaka za matenda kungatheke ndi chithandizo cha plantings ndi limodzi peresenti kuyimitsidwa kwa colloidal sulfure. Pambuyo pa masiku khumi ndi asanu ndi awiri (10-14), mankhwala amodzi ndi ofunikira, koma panthawiyi ndikofunikira kugwiritsa ntchito Bordeaux madzi (gawo limodzi pazokha). Zilonda pa nkhaka zowakomera komanso malo ena owonetsetsa a bowa ayenera kuchitidwa ndi njira yothetsera madzi ndi mkuwa sulphate (0,5%), ndiyeno phulusa ndi makala opaka. - Downy mildew - amatsimikiziridwa ndi kukhalapo kwa mawanga achizungu kumtunda kwa pepala la pepala ndi loyera-imvi pachimake m'munsi mwa pepala. Pa chomera chomwe chakhudzidwa ndi matendawa, tsamba lokhala ndi tsamba limakhala loyera, lakuda ndi kugwa. Njira zowonongeka: Masamba a matenda sayenera kuthiriridwa masiku asanu ndi awiri, nthawi yomweyo spray ndi Oksih (10 g wa mankhwala pa 5 malita a madzi). Ngati downy mildew inkaonekera pa zomera zazing'ono zomwe sizinapangitse ovary, mukhoza kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwalawa ndi "Rizoplan" (supuni imodzi ya mankhwala pa 5 malita a madzi).
Mankhwala onse angathe kuchitika madzulo pamene kutentha kwa mpweya kumagwa. Koma zowonongeka zingathe kuchepetsa kufalikira kwa matendawa mofulumira. Nkhumba zakale zimapsereza m'dzinja ziyenera kutenthedwa, chifukwa ndizochokera ku bowa za spowa. Ngati simungathe kuwononga spores ndi moto, matenda a fungalow adzawongolera pa zotsalira zamasamba komanso nyengo yotsatira yamaluwa idzayamba kuwonetsa zomera zatsopano. Ndibwino kuti musabzale nkhaka pa tsamba lino kwa zaka zingapo zotsatira, komanso mavwende kapena mbewu za dzungu.
Kuchiza nkhaka za matenda kungatheke ndi chithandizo cha plantings ndi limodzi peresenti kuyimitsidwa kwa colloidal sulfure. Pambuyo pa masiku khumi ndi asanu ndi awiri (10-14), mankhwala amodzi ndi ofunikira, koma panthawiyi ndikofunikira kugwiritsa ntchito Bordeaux madzi (gawo limodzi pazokha). Zilonda pa nkhaka zowakomera komanso malo ena owonetsetsa a bowa ayenera kuchitidwa ndi njira yothetsera madzi ndi mkuwa sulphate (0,5%), ndiyeno phulusa ndi makala opaka.
Mankhwala onse angathe kuchitika madzulo pamene kutentha kwa mpweya kumagwa. Koma zowonongeka zingathe kuchepetsa kufalikira kwa matendawa mofulumira. Nkhumba zakale zimapsereza m'dzinja ziyenera kutenthedwa, chifukwa ndizochokera ku bowa za spowa. Ngati simungathe kuwononga spores ndi moto, matenda a fungalow adzawongolera pa zotsalira zamasamba komanso nyengo yotsatira yamaluwa idzayamba kuwonetsa zomera zatsopano. Ndibwino kuti musabzale nkhaka pa tsamba lino kwa zaka zingapo zotsatira, komanso mavwende kapena mbewu za dzungu.Mukudziwa? Nkhuka zotalika kwambiri padziko lapansi zakula mlimi wochokera ku England Alf Cobb. Kutalika kwa nkhaka zachilendo kunafikira 91 cm 7 mm. Makasitomala oika zikalata anauzidwa ndi mwini munda amene adamulera kuwonetsero zaulimi mumzinda wa Bath, womwe uli kum'mwera chakumadzulo kwa England.
Zomwe zimasamalira nkhaka ndi masamba obiriwira
Ganizirani zomwe zimayambitsa chikasu cha nkhaka masamba pa zomera zomwe zabzala poyera. Zifukwa zingakhale zosiyana. Kuti nkhaka zisawonongeke ndi masamba kuti akhale amphamvu komanso athanzi, ndibwino kuti zitsatire njira zoyenera zaulimi pakukula chikhalidwe.
Kumalo otseguka
- Musasiye zomera popanda malo ogona m'nyengo yozizira. Если температура воздуха опустилась ниже 15°C, укройте свои посадки агроволокном или установите над грядками дуги и набросьте на них полиэтиленовую пленку. В случае применения полиэтиленовой пленки днем, не забывайте оставлять торцы временного укрытия открытыми - это необходимо для регулирования температуры воздуха в парнике и проветривания грядки с помощью сквозняков.
- Madzi moyenera. Nkhumba ya nkhaka ikasanduka chikasu chifukwa cha kusowa kwa chinyezi, yambani kupereka madzi ku mizu ya zomera, ndipo chikasu chidzaima. Ngati chifukwa chake chiri chochuluka kwambiri cha madzi m'nthaka - nthawi yomweyo imani kuthirira kwa kanthawi, kumasula nthaka, kuphatikizapo kuyamba mchenga ndi phulusa mumtunda. Ngati nthenda yakuda ya fungal imapezeka pa nkhaka, ndiye mutatha kuchita zonsezi, nthaka ya bedi imakanizidwa ndi mankhwala a pinanki a pinki.
- Perekani zomera zomera. Pitirizani kudyetsa nthawi zonse (mchere ndi zovuta), kudalira pazinthu zamakono za kulima chikhalidwe ichi. Masamba a masamba a nkhaka angasonyeze kuti chomeracho chili pa "njala".
- Kupanga mankhwala kuchokera ku tizirombo ndi matenda. Wogwiritsa ntchito minda amayenera kuyang'anitsitsa kuyesa kakang'ono kawiri kapena katatu patsiku kuti asaphonye gawo loyamba la matenda kapena matenda ophera tizilombo.
- Musamere masamba ndi nkhaka zam'madzi masana. Izi zidzakuthandizani kuthetsa kutentha kwa dzuwa pa masamba.
Mu wowonjezera kutentha kapena pa khonde
Ndi kusasamala kwa agrotechnical kulima (kutentha kwabwino, feteleza, chinyezi, chithandizo cha matenda ndi tizilombo toononga) chomwe chimayambitsa matenda a zomera mu wowonjezera kutentha. Chizindikiro choyamba chomwe zomera zimakhala choipa chingakhale chikasu cha chivundikiro cha tsamba.
Anthu omwe akufuna kubzala nkhaka yabwino mu wowonjezera kutentha, ndibwino kuti aphunzire kuthirira nkhaka, ndibwino kuti abzala mbeu kusiyana ndi kudyetsa komanso kumangiriza.
Nkhaka mu wowonjezera kutentha
Pofuna kubwezeretsa nkhaka kuti ukhale wathanzi, muyenera kutsatira malamulo otsatirawa akukula:
- Tsatirani malamulo a kuthirira. Pamene nkhaka ikuphuka ndikuyamba fruiting, amafunika kuthirira katatu pamlungu (masiku awiri kapena atatu) kapena nthawi zambiri (mu tsiku). Pa mita iliyonse ya makapu a nkhaka amapanga 10 malita a madzi. Inde, mu kutentha kuti amweke nkhaka ayenera kukhala wochuluka (15 malita pa lalikulu mita). Ngati kulibe dzuŵa kapena nyengo yamvula, nkofunika kuthirira nkhaka minda nthawi zambiri, mwinamwake kamodzi pa sabata. Ziri zosavuta kudziwa ngati bedi la nkhaka limafuna chinyezi panthawiyi: Ngati dothi limanyowa pa kuya kwa masentimita 10-15, kuthirira kungalepheretsedwe masiku angapo.
- Onetsetsani chithunzi cha kutentha. Pamwambayi ndi mulingo woyenera kwambiri kutentha kwa nkhaka. Olima masamba ayenera kutsatira ndondomeko iyi ya kutentha.
- Sinthani kutentha kwa mpweya pogwiritsa ntchito zitseko zotseguka kapena zitsekedwa ndi transoms zenera. Kupsyinjika kwa moto sikuvomerezeka pamene mukukula nkhaka.
- Konzani zokonza. Pofuna kupewa kuphulika kwa matenda a fungal mu wowonjezera kutentha, m'pofunika kuyambitsa mpweya wokwanira m'chipinda. Wamasambawa adzakuthandizira zida. Kuti mupeze zolemba, muyenera kutsegula mafelemu kapena maofesi kumbali zosiyana za malo otentha kapena osakhalitsa. Kuthamanga kwa mpweya kumayambitsa tsamba la masamba kuchokera ku chinyezi chochuluka, motero kumaletsa kukula kwa matenda a fungal (downy mildew ndi ena).
- Musaiwale kuti muzichita kudya nthawi zonse. Ngati chikasu cha masambawa sichisonyeza matenda opatsirana ndi matenda a fungalomu, ndiye kuti pambuyo pa kuvala, masambawo adzasintha.
- Tengani nkhaka za matenda ndi masamba-oyamwa tizilombo. Spores wa bowa amamwalira pambuyo pa mankhwala ndi Bordeaux madzi (1 peresenti yankho), ndi nsabwe za m'masamba pa nkhaka mukhoza kuthana ndi yankho la nitroammofoski (supuni 6 pa madzi 20 malita). Kangaude samapatsa malo okhala ndi njira yothetsera sulfure. Pa 80 g ya sulfure 10 malita a madzi amatengedwa ndi kusakanizidwa bwino. Njirayi ndi sprayed nkhaka yobzala pa pepala.
- Pewani kuchulukitsitsa mu wowonjezera kutentha. Kuyanjana kwambiri kwa zomera pa mabedi kumabweretsa yellowing a m'munsi masamba. Mbali ya m'munsi ya zomera sichiwona dzuŵa, kotero masamba amasanduka chikasu ndikufa. Kuphwanyidwa kumathandizanso kuphulika kwa matenda ndi kuwonjezereka kwa matenda a fungal.
Mukudziwa? Mudzi waung'ono wa ku Ukraine wa Nizhyn wakhala wotchuka chifukwa cha nkhaka zake zokoma kwazaka mazana ambiri. Zosiyanasiyana nkhaka wamkulu kumeneko amatchedwa "Nezhinsky". Pa malo osungiramo malo a mzinda uno chikumbutso cha Nezhin nkhaka chaikidwa.
Nkhaka pa khonde
Ngati masamba a nkhaka ayamba kutembenuka ndi zomera chikasu chophika m'miphika, m'pofunika kudziwa chomwe chimayambitsa ndikuchitapo kanthu:
- Miphika yovuta kapena yokwera. Ngati nkhaka zazing'ono zimayamba kusanduka masamba achikasu, mwinamwake mizu yawo imakhala yochepa kwambiri m'mitsuko yomwe yabzalidwa. Chomerachi chiyenera kuikidwa pamtunda waukulu, kenako mizu yake idzapitiriza kukula ndipo idzakhala yabwino.
- Kutentha kwambiri mlengalenga. Kuti nkhaka isadwale ndi matenda ena oyipa, muyenera kuyendetsa loggia kapena khonde nthawi zonse.
- Madzi ochepa kapena ochepa kwambiri pakumwa madzi - ichi ndi chimodzi mwa zifukwa za chikasu cha masamba a nkhaka.
- Ndikufuna kudyetsa. Tiyenera kukumbukira kuti nyengo yowonjezera ya nkhaka yomwe ili ndi mphamvu zochepa imatanthawuza kuti m'kupita kwa nthawi mbeuyo imatulutsa zinthu zonse zothandiza m'nthaka ndipo m'tsogolomu ziyenera kudyetsedwa nthawi zonse. Young nkhaka mbande amadyetsedwa kwa nthawi yoyamba pambuyo pakuonekera kwa masamba awiri kapena anai enieni. Kuti muchite izi, gwiritsani ntchito feteleza wochuluka wa nayitrogeni, womwe uyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito mosamala molingana ndi malangizo olembedwa. Nkhaka kukula mu mulibe sangathe kudyetsedwa ndi masoka organic feteleza.
Kupewa Kwambiri
Pofuna kupewa matenda a nkhaka, tiyenera kutsatira malamulo angapo:
- onetsetsani kutalika kwa mtunda (20-25 cm) pakati pa zomera pamene mutsikira kumalo osatha;
- perekani kuyatsa bwino;
- Kutsatizana ndi nyengo yabwino yotentha (kupewa "kutenthedwa" kapena kuledzera);
- osati kuti asinthe mundawo kuti ukhale "chithaphwi", komanso kuti asasunge zomera pamtunda wouma;
- pamene kukula kwa wowonjezera kutentha, ventilate chipinda ndikupanga drafts;
- nthawi yosamalira kulima matenda ndi tizilombo towononga;
- Chitani zovuta komanso zowonjezera mavitamini nthawi zonse;
- Kudzaza nthaka ndi mpweya pogwiritsa ntchito mpweya wabwino;
- kumangiriza zomera, kuteteza kukhudzana ndi nkhaka zonyansa ndi nthaka;
- Muzilamulira katundu wa zipatso;
- nthawi yokolola.
Mukudziwa? Nkhumba zosakwana 5 peresenti ya nkhaka zimakhala ndi zakudya ndi mchere, pamene zotsalira 95% za masamba ndi madzi.Pofuna kupewa nyemba zamkasu masamba, n'zotheka kuchiza nkhaka zogwira ntchito, koma zopanda thanzi zothetsera thanzi laumunthu. Nazi maphikidwe ena:
Chiwerengero cha Chinsinsi 1
Njira yothetsera mkaka ndi sopo - kutsanulira mkaka wamatayi mu chidebe chopanda kanthu cha khumi, onjezerani 20 g wa sopo la nyumba yowonongeka ndi madontho 30 a ayodini kumeneko. Kweza pamwamba pa chidebe pamwamba ndi madzi otentha, madzi omveka. 
Sakanizani zomwe zili mu chidebe mpaka sopo isungunuka mu madzi. Chida ichi chingagwiritsidwe ntchito pokonza minda ya nkhaka pa tsamba lililonse zaka khumi. Mukhoza kuyamba kugwiritsa ntchito chida ichi mutangoti nkhaka imatulutsa masamba awiri enieni (osati cotyledon) masamba!
Pakati pa anthu ochizira mankhwala odyetsera nkhaka ayodini ndi yisiti ndi othandiza.
Chinsinsi cha nambala 2
Mkate wakuda ndi ayodini - mkate umodzi wakuda umatsanulidwa ndi malita 10 a madzi kwa maola angapo. Mkatewo utakula, umasakanizidwa ndi dzanja m'madzi ndipo zomwe zili mu botolo limodzi la ayodini zimaphatikizidwira kusakaniza. Zotsatira zake zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pokhapokha mu dziko lochepetsedwa. Pofuna kulandira zomera, lita imodzi yokhala yothetsera mchere imatengedwa ndikuphatikiza ndi malita 10 a madzi oyera. Njirayi iyenera kukonzedwa nkhaka pa pepala masiku khumi ndi awiri. Sungani zotsalira njira mu mdima ndi malo ozizira.
Video: Mkate kuvala ndi ayodini kwa nkhaka
Chiwerengero cha nambala 3
Peyala ya anyezi - pokonzekera kulowetsedwa mumasowa mabanki ndi mphamvu ya 0,7 malita. Mankhwalawa amatsanulidwa ndi malita khumi a madzi, chisakanizocho chimabweretsedwa ku chithupsa, chatsekedwa ndi chivindikiro ndikusiyidwa kuti chiime usiku wonse. M'maŵa, njira yowonongeka yowonongeka ndi yokonzeka kugwiritsidwa ntchito. Kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa kumachepetsedwa, chifukwa ma 2.5 a malita amatha kutenga 10 malita a madzi oyera. Yankho lake ndi sprayed pa nkhaka pepala. Mukhoza kugwiritsa ntchito chida ichi mlungu uliwonse. 
Chiwerengero cha nambala 4
Njira ya Manganese - Masamba oyamba chikasu atapezeka pamsika, amafunika kuchitidwa ndi piritsi yowonjezera ya potaziyamu permanganate ndi madzi. Izi zidzasiya kukula kwa timapepala ta bowa ndi kusokoneza mapepala.
Nkhaka - ndithu chopanda nzeru kukula masamba chikhalidwe. Komabe, kumatsatira zokolola zoyenera, alimi angapange pachaka banja lake ndi nkhaka zonunkhira komanso zobiriwira, panthawi imodzimodziyo kudzaza m'chipinda chapansi pa nyumba ndi masamba obiriwira m'nyengo yozizira. Choyamba, muyenera kufufuza mosamala zamasamba, ndikuzindikira vuto - mwamsanga muyambe kufunafuna yankho.
