Anthurium - maluwa otchuka kwambiri, omwe amabwera kwa ife kuchokera kumadera akutali otentha a ku South ndi Central America.
Chifukwa cha mtundu wosangalatsa, anthurium akukula kwambiri panyumba, koma chifukwa cha zizindikiro zosiyanasiyana, chomerachi chimayambitsidwa ndi matenda osiyanasiyana.
Kuti mumvetse momwe mungapulumutsire anthurium ngati mukudwala, muyenera kudziwa chomwe iwo ali.
Matenda osatulutsidwa a anthurium, njira zowononga
Matenda osatulutsidwa a anthurium - Vuto lalikulu, lomwe limayambira pakukula osati anthurium okha, komanso zomera zina zapakhomo. Monga lamulo, iwo akuphatikizidwa ndi kuphwanya malamulo okhutira kapena kusintha kwawo kwakukulu.
Kuthamanga kwa madzi ndi kuuma kwa madzi, khalidwe la nthaka, kudyetsa dothi, kuwala, mpweya wabwino ndi zina zambiri - zonsezi pamodzi zimapanga kuchuluka kwa kukula kwa anthurium ndi maluwa, chifukwa chake muyenera kukhala ovuta kwambiri, ndipo ngati mukukumana ndi mavuto ndi matenda, samverani kusintha kwa zikhalidwe.
Anthurium sichita pachimake
Pa nkhani za matenda osalumikiza, anthurium amasiyana pang'ono ndi maluwa ena. Zimenezi zimangotithandiza kuzindikira mosavuta chomwe chimayambitsa vuto, komanso njira zothetsera vutoli. Mofanana ndi maluwa ena onse, matenda a anthurium amachititsa kuti maluwawo asokonezeke.
Izi zingayambitsidwe ndi chigawo chopatsirana, koma, monga lamulo, chifukwa chake chikuphwanya malamulo a zomwe zilipo. Kotero Anthurium panyumba ayenera kusungidwa kutentha kwa 18 ° C, posakhalitsa ma drafts, komanso kubisika kwa dzuwa.
Ndikofunikira! Mu mphika ndi anthurium, payenera kukhala malo osungira madzi, omwe amathandiza kuti mpweya uperekedwe ku mizu komanso kuchotsa madzi ochulukirapo. Kusamba kwa madzi ndi chimodzi mwa adani akuluakulu a anthurium, kotero payenera kukhala mabowo mu mphika.
Kuthetsa mavuto omwe mulibe maluwa ndi osavuta: mumangofunika kulenga "kutentha" komwe kumakhala kosamalidwa komanso kudyetsa mizu ndi mchere feteleza.
Chifukwa chiyani anthurium amatha
Monga momwe zinalili ndi vuto loyamba la matenda a anthurium, nthawi zambiri zomera zimadzulidwa chifukwa chosagwirizana ndi zikhalidwe zomangidwa. Masamba a Anthurium amauma makamaka chifukwa cha madzi osakwanira komanso kutentha..
Zikakhala choncho, ndizofunika kwambiri kuti musinthe mofulumira zikhalidwe za ndende ndikuwongolera bwino ndipo ndi zofunika kudyetsa chomeracho ndi mchere wamchere.
Pankhani yoyenera ndi yochitapo kanthu, mavuto monga "masamba owuma pa anthurium" amatha kuthetsedwa, koma zosankha ndizotheka ngati vutoli liri ndi matenda opatsirana pogonana ndi anthracnose, njira zomwe zingathetsere zomwe sizowopsa ndipo zidzafotokozedwa pansipa.
Mukudziwa? Anthurium zimakhala zovuta kulekerera zowonjezera zowonjezera mu mphika, komabe, monga nthumwi ya zomera zazitentha, pafupi ndi kudalira kupopera masamba. Kuti izi zitheke, alimi amalangizi amalangiza kamodzi pa mwezi kuti aike duwa pansi pamutu wosamba, ndipo pang'onopang'ono mupukutire fumbi kuchokera kumagulu a zomera.
Chikasu cha masamba (chlorosis)
Poyankha funso lakuti n'chifukwa chiyani anthurium akudwala, n'zothekanso kunena kuti vuto lalikulu likukula ndi chisamaliro chosayenera. Chlorosiszomwe zimayambitsa mabala pa masamba a anthurium, ndi zotsatira za kuphwanya majekeseni mu madzi, nthaka ndi feteleza.
Komanso, vuto lalikulu la vutoli likhoza kubisika mwa chimodzi mwazifukwa, ndipo panthawi yomweyo, kotero muyenera kuchotsa zonsezo popanda kupatulapo. Zina mwa zifukwa ndi zifukwa zikhoza kudziwika:
- kusagwirizana kwa nthaka ndi kusowa kwa kayendedwe ka madzi, zomwe zimalepheretsa kupeza mpweya wabwino ndi madzi;
- chlorine yowonjezera m'madzi;
- kuwonjezera kwa kuwala kwachilengedwe;
- kukhalapo kwazithunzi;
- kuthirira kapena kuthirira madzi okwanira;
- Anturuum matenda opatsirana.
Kuchokera pazifukwa izi, anthurium amatha chifukwa cha mavuto omwe amalembedwa m'nyumba zina. Kuchiza - kukhazikitsa zifukwa zoyenera kukonza anthurium, kupereka ulimi wothirira ndi madzi okhala, komanso kudya nthawi zonse ndi feteleza mchere.
Ndikofunikira! Mzu wa anthurium umakhala wovuta kwambiri kusintha kwa zinthu zomwe zimapezeka mchere ndi zinthu zina m'nthaka, choncho ndizofunika kwambiri kuti musadwale maluwa. Kuti musamavulaze chomeracho, muyenera kutsatira mosamala malangizo omwe akuwonetsedwa pamapangidwe a fetereza kwa maluwa a kunyumba.
Leaf spotting (yotentha)
Kuchitira zachiwawa anthurium panyumba nthawi zina kumawoneka ngati akuwoneka pamasamba, ndiko kutentha. Mawanga a Brown pa masamba a humanrium angayambitsidwe ndi izi:
- kusungunuka kwakukulu komanso kusowa madzi okwanira;
- Kufika mu nthaka yosauka bwino, popanda kutsika kapena mchere wochepa;
- kusamba kosayenera;
- hypothermia
Mukudziwa? Nthaka ya maluwa otere, ndiko kuti, zomera kuchokera kuzitentha, ziyenera kukhala ndi multicomponent mchere wosakaniza. Izi zimachokera ku chikhalidwe cha otentha - zenizeni, osati zoweta, anthurium amalandira chakudya chokwanira kuchokera ku chilengedwe. Nthaka yamaluwa yomwe imaperekedwa m'masitolo imakhalanso ndi zigawo zofunikira, koma zonsezi ndi zachilengedwe ndipo zimagwiritsidwa ntchito m'magetsi.
Enati
Masamba Enacia Kuwonetseredwa ndi kuti anthurium akuthawa, masamba ake amakhala ndi mawonekedwe oipa ndipo nthawi zambiri amakhala ovuta ndi kukula. Chikhalidwe cha matenda osachiritsikawa sichimvetsetsedwa bwino, komabe, ndendende mavuto a mtundu uwu amachoka pambuyo pa kusintha kwakukulu kwa zigawo za kutentha kwa zomwe zili. Enacii akhoza kuchiritsidwa kokha mwa kulengedwa kwabwino, kusamalidwa bwino ndi feteleza nthawi zonse.
Nthomba
Nthomba - osati-parasitic matenda osiyana ndi zomera zomwe zakhala zikuthwa kwambiri mu zinthu zosamalira ndi kusamalira. Iwonetseredwa ndi maonekedwe a kukula ndi bulges pamapepala. Kuchotsa nthomba kumakhala kosavuta - muyenera kusuntha mphika ndi duwa m'malo otentha, otetezedwa ku zojambula ndi dzuwa.
Anthurium matenda opatsirana, mankhwala awo
Matenda opatsirana a anthurium panyumba ndi ofanana kwambiri, omwe amayamba chifukwa cha zinthu zambiri, kuphatikizapo chiyambi cha kutentha kwa zomera, zomwe zimakonda zokhudzana ndi zinthu zomwe zimasungidwa komanso zofunikira pa chisamaliro.
Matenda osiyanasiyana opatsirana amakhudza, koma musamaope ndipo musataye mtima, chifukwa pafupifupi iliyonse imatha kupambana nokha pakhomo. Chinthu chachikulu ndikumvetsa chifukwa chake masamba amasanduka wakuda, maluwa akugwa, mawanga ndi mavuto ena amapezeka ku Anthurium.
Septoria ndi anthracnosis
Anthurium septoria, komanso kachilombo koyambitsa matenda - matenda opatsirana a fungal, amawonetsedwa ngati mawanga ofiira ndi ofiira. Ndi matendawa, nsonga za masamba nthawi zambiri zimatembenuka wakuda.
Mankhwala a anthracnose humansrium ali ofanana ndi momwe angapangire mankhwala opatsirana pogwiritsa ntchito mankhwalawa.
Ngati palibe zotsatira zabwino pamapeto pa sabata, duwa liyenera kuwonongedwa, ndipo mphika uyenera kuchitidwa ndi mankhwala komanso kutentha.
Grey kuvunda
Matenda opatsirana a mtundu umenewu amayamba kufalikira ndi tsinde la tsinde ndi mphukira za maluwa, pang'onopang'ono kufalikira kwa masamba. Mu nthawi yochepa ziwembu imvi zowola zomera zimafa, Choncho, mankhwala a sulfure zowola ayenera kuyamba pomwepo.
Malinga ndi lamulo, akatswiri amalimbikitsa kuti agwiritse ntchito mankhwala, kusiya njira zodziwika bwino, ponena za kuchepa kwawo pankhaniyi. Masamba okhudzidwa amachotsedwa, kenako maluwawo amachiritsidwa ndi mankhwala.
Payenera kukhala osachepera katatu kachitidwe kotere. Ngati palibe chotsatira choyenera, chomeracho chiyenera kuwonongedwa ndipo mphika uyenera kutetezedwa.
Mizu yovunda
Pamene mafinya amawoneka muzu wa maluwa, masamba ake amataya mtundu wawo ndikuyamba kufota mofulumira. Kumayambiriro kwa matendawa a humanrium, kuthirira kuchepetsedwa, kutentha kwa mpweya mu chipinda kuyenera kukwezedwa.
Ngati zowonongeka kwambiri, mizu imachizidwa ndi feteleza, imaikidwa ku nthaka ina, kuchotsa mizu ya kachilomboka.
Fusarium
Fusarium ndi mtundu wa matenda a fungal. Kuthandizira maluwa a humanrium, fusarium imayambitsa kupukuta mwamsanga ndi tsamba lokha.
Mpaka lero, njira yabwino yothandizira fusarium siilipo, choncho, chomera choyenera chiyenera kuchotsedwa mwamsanga kuchokera ku zomera zina zapakhomo, ndipo ngati palibe chifukwa chodyera ndi mchere wambirimbiri, zowonongeka.
Mphika, pambuyo pa chomera chogwidwa ndi Fusarium, ayenera kusamalidwa mosamala ndi kutentha kwakukulu ndi detergent.
Kutupa
Kuwonetsekera kwa dzimbiri pa masamba a anthurium ndi chizindikiro chodziwikiratu cha matenda omwewo opatsirana. Mavuto a chikhalidwechi amachotsedwa mwa kuthandizira mosamala mapepala ndi njira zamagetsi kapena mowa.
Pankhaniyi, choyamba muyenera kuchotsa mapepala omwe ali ndi kachilomboka. Chithandizo chotero chiyenera kuchitika masiku atatu kapena anayi kwa milungu iwiri.
Ndikofunikira! Pa matenda opatsirana a maluwa, kuthirira ndi sprayer kumasiyidwa kwathunthu, chifukwa nthawi zambiri mumadzi omwe matenda ambiri amapezeka.
Downy mildew
Downy mildew - matenda opatsirana okhudza nyumba zambiri. Chomerachi chimadwala pakakhala kutentha kwakukulu, komanso kusintha kwakukulu mu msinkhu wa nthawi yochepa.
Matendawa amadziwonekera ndi maonekedwe a ziboda, komanso kuwonongeka kwa maonekedwe. Mawanga pa masamba a humanrium - kawirikawiri zotsatira za downy mildew. Vutoli limathetsedwa mosavuta - pomanga feteleza panthaŵi yake ndikupanga zinthu zotentha.
Antuluum tizirombo, njira zolimbana nazo
Kawirikawiri zimayambitsa matenda a anthurium ndi mitundu yambiri ya tizirombo zomwe zimakhudza mizu, mtengo, masamba. Anthurium, mofanana ndi maluwa ena apakhomo, amapezeka kwambiri nsabwe za m'masamba, zishango, nthata ndi zina.
Aphid
Nsabwe za m'masamba, ngakhale kuti sizing'onozing'ono, nthawi zambiri zimawononga kwambiri zomera.
Khalani pansi pa tsambali aphid amayamba kulembetsa maluwawo, n'kupangitsa kuti ayambe kuyanika mofulumira. Kuchuluka kwa chiberekero cha tizilombo ichi ndi kotsika kwambiri, chifukwa chake ndi kofunika kuyankha mwamsanga ndikuyamba mankhwala.
Mofanana ndi tizilombo tina tomwe tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, aphid imachotsedweratu - ndikwanira kugula mankhwala ogwiritsidwa ntchito ndikusamalira malo opweteka nawo.
Ndikofunikira! Tsiku lotsatira mankhwala ndi mankhwala opangidwa ndi mankhwala, masamba a maluwa ayenera kutsukidwa bwinobwino ndi madzi. Izi zimachitika pofuna kuteteza kupanga mapangidwe a mankhwala.
Shchitovka
Chishango chingathenso kuthandizidwa kuti ndi chimodzi mwa tizirombo toopsa kwambiri. Monga ena, chitetezo imayambitsa masamba ndi tsinde la duwa ndikudyetsa madzi ake. Chifukwa cha kukula kwake, shitovka masks bwino pa mitengo yofiira ya anthurium, choncho zimakhala zovuta kuzizindikira ndi maso.
Ngati mudakwanitsa kuona tizilombo toyambitsa matendawa, muyenera kuchita nthawi yomweyo. Choyamba, maluwa omwe ali ndi kachilomboka ndikutalikirana ndi kusambitsidwa ndi madzi ofunda.
Pambuyo pa njirayi, m'pofunikira kuti muzitha kumvetsetsa zonse za maluwa omwe mwagula kapena mukukonzekera bwino. Monga momwe zilili ndi mankhwala ochokera kwa tizirombo tina, patatha tsiku, chomeracho chiyenera kutsukidwa bwino ndi madzi otentha. Njirayi imabwerezedwa kawiri.
Mukudziwa? Mapangidwe omwe amaperekedwa ndi masitolo apadera pofuna kuchiza zomera za nyumba kuchokera ku tizirombo, monga lamulo, ali ndi zigawo zambiri zowonjezera, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zitha kuchitapo kanthu pa tizirombo zilizonse. Komabe, njira yowonongeka ya sopo, yomwe ingakhale yokonzeka mosavuta kunyumba, mwamsanga komanso mosavuta imapha nsabwe za m'masamba, zishango ndi nkhupakupa.
Mealybug
Kufiira - Mmodzi mwa tizirombo zosavuta komanso zooneka. Kuchokera masiku oyambirira a malo ake okhala pamtunda, pamwamba pa masambawa muli ndi maluwa ofiira, omwe amatha kuwona nyongolotsi.
Pamodzi ndi tizirombo tina, timadyetsa zomera zomwe zimataya komanso zowonongeka, zomwe mosakayikira zimawononga anthurium. Mwamwayi, mealybug ya powdery imatha kuthana ndi njira yokha yothandizira ndi sopo kapena zakumwa za mowa ndikutsukidwa ndi madzi otentha.
Kuti athetse vutoli, chithandizochi chiyenera kubwerezedwa mobwerezabwereza, ndi mlungu uliwonse.
Kangaude mite
Kangaude mite - zovuta kwambiri kuchotsa tizilombo to humansrium, komabe, komanso mitundu ina. Izi ndi chifukwa chakuti nkhuku imakhala yobisika ndipo, kudzikongoletsa yokha webusaiti, imatetezedwa ku chikoka cha kunja.
Choncho, kungosamba kangaude sikugwira ntchito, ndipo kugwiritsa ntchito njira zamakono zopangira sizingapereke zotsatira zabwino. Akakhazikika pa tsamba ndi tsinde la chomera, kangaude amawononga malo ake, amadyetsa madzi ndi mchere.
Komanso, nkhupakupa imasiyana ndi tizilombo tina tomwe timayesa kuwononga osati masamba okha, komanso maluwa a chomera, mosakayikitsa kwambiri ndi osasangalatsa.
Ngakhale kuti kangaude imaoneka ngati yovuta, njira zowonongeka zimakhalapobe. Kotero tizilombo toyambitsa matenda silingalole kutentha kwambiri ndi kutentha. Poganizira izi, duwa liyenera kulowetsedwa m'madzi, koma pasanapite nthawi, nthaka iyenera kukhala youma, mwinamwake anthurium akhoza kupeza matenda omwe sali opatsirana.
Ndikofunikira! Nthaŵi zina, akatswiri amati amalimbikitsa anthurium ndi mankhwala abwino kwambiri, omwe amakulolani kuti muchiritse mwamsanga ndikuchiritsa matenda onsewa ndi tizirombo ndi matenda opatsirana. Ndikofunika kukumbukira kuti pamagulu otero akhoza kukhala ndi zigawo zomwe ndizoopsa kwa tizilombo tonse ndi anthu, choncho chithandizochi chiyenera kuchitidwa mosamala ndi kugwiritsa ntchito zipangizo zoteteza.
Kulima anthurium m'nyumba ndi njira yolemekezeka, yofuna kutsatira malamulo ndi ndondomeko.
Kuyamba kwa mavuto ndi matenda, ndithudi, mwinamwake, koma musataye mtima, chifukwa njira zophweka komanso zomveka zimatha kupha tizilombo toyrium. Ndipo, chofunika kwambiri, kumbukirani - mtengo uliwonse ndi zochitika zomwe zingapereke zambiri kuposa kulipira mawonekedwe a anthu otentha.
