Kukula strawberries kumafuna mphamvu zambiri ndi kuleza mtima. Koma kukula kwa strawberries ndi theka la nkhondo. Ndikofunika kutetezera ku tizirombo zambiri (ndipo pali anthu ambiri okonzeka kudya pa strawberries). Chimodzi mwa tizilombo toopsa chomwe chingathe kupha 50-80% ya mbewu zonse zojambulajambula. Zizindikiro kuti sitiroberi yako idaukiridwa ndi mdani uyu: maonekedwe a timabowo ting'onoting'ono m'masamba obiriwira a chomera, kudumpha kwa phokoso mwadzidzidzi, kuyanika kwa masamba, ngati kuti wina wawadula. Zikatero, simudzagonjetsa kachilomboka - nthawi yatha, ndipo kuti musataye zokolola zonse, muyenera kumenyana bwino ndi weevil. Pofuna kupewa zoterezi, nkofunika kukonzekera pasadakhale, kuti mudziwe bwino zomwe tizilomboti timapanga komanso momwe tingamenyane ndi strawberries.e.
Mukudziwa? Banja la njuchi zam'mlengalenga (elephants) (lat. Curculionidae) lili ndi mitundu yoposa 70,000. Dzina la kachilomboka kamagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi mutu wautali pamutu (umenewo), umene kachilomboka kamapyoza minofu ya zomera, mothandizidwa ndi iyo imadyetsa ndikuika mazira. Banja la weevil limaimiridwa ndi kukula kwake (kuyambira 1 mm mpaka 50mm), mawonekedwe a thupi (kuzungulira, pogona, piritsi, etc.), mitundu. Mphutsi ya zinyama zina zimakhala pansi, zina - maluwa. Mitundu iliyonse ili ndi nthangala zake, zokonda zake: wina amadya zomera zamasamba, wina amagwiritsa ntchito mitengo ya kanjedza, wina amagwiritsa ntchito mbewu zakulima, wina (mwachitsanzo, granary weevil) amadya tirigu omwe amasonkhanitsidwa ndi anthu.
Kodi tizilombo toyambitsa sitiroberi timayang'ana bwanji?
Mitundu yoposa 5,000 ya nyongolotsizi imakhala mkatikatikati. Zina mwazoopsa kwambiri kwa strawberries ndi rasipiberi-strawberry weevil (lat Anthonomus rubi). Kuti muthe kulimbana ndi tizilombo, muyenera kudziwa zomwe timawona. Kukula kwa kachilomboka kakang'ono ndi kochepa - mpaka 3 mm, mtundu wa chivundikiro cha chitinous ndi chakuda ndi bulauni. Chikumbuchi chimadzazidwa ndi tsitsi lalifupi, ndipo chimakhala ndi mapiko omwe amamera kumera. Tizilombo ta tizilombo timene timakhala tambiri kuposa amuna. Dzinalo la mtundu wa weevil woterewu umasonyeza kuledzera kwake - kachilomboka kamakhudza osati strawberries okha ndi strawberries, komanso raspberries, mabulosi akuda, ananyamuka tchire ndi zouluka.
Nthawi yobereketsa ndi miyezi imodzi ndi theka. Panthawi imeneyi, mayi mmodzi amatha kuika mazira 50. Ma rasipiberi-strawberry weevil ndi nthumwi ya mtunda wautali - umakopeka ndi maluwa. Ndizo zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mazira abweretse mazira, pomwe mphutsi imathamanga - mphutsi zoyera kapena zonona (mutu uli ndi chipolopolo chotchedwa brown chitinous). Pambuyo masiku 20, maphunziro amapangidwa. Mtoto wofewa wa mtundu wachikasu uli ndi mitu ya mutu wodzitukumula, mapiko, miyendo. Patangotha masabata angapo, pupa imasanduka kachilomboka kakang'ono. Mbalame zam'madzi zimakhala pansi pamtunda wovunda pansi pa sitiroberi ndipo zimakhala zowonjezereka nthaka itatha kuwonjezeranso madigiri 13 Celsius.
Mukudziwa? Kodi weevil ndi chiyani? Weevil ndi imodzi mwa tizirombo toopsa kwambiri, kudya mizu, masamba, zimayambira, zipatso za pafupifupi zomera zonse zomwe zimadziwika (kuphatikizapo madzi akumadzi). Mitundu yambiri ya zamoyo zam'madzi zimakhala kumadera otentha. Kutentha kwa dziko ndi ntchito za anthu zakhala zikuchititsa kuti mitundu yambiri ya zinyama, kuphatikiza pamodzi ndi katundu wogulitsa kunja kumadera ena, zimagwirizanitsa ndi nyengo. Chitsanzo chochititsa chidwi ndi kanjedza yofiira kuchokera ku Southeast Asia, yomwe inali tsoka kwa France, Spain, Mexico, ndipo inafika ku Krasnodar Territory of Russia (mu 2015, tizilombo tomwe tinawononga mitengo yambiri ya kanjedza ku Sochi).
Weevil Uvulaza
Zomera zam'mlengalenga zimachokera pansi ndipo, poyembekezera masamba, zimayang'ana pakati pa sitiroberi, pamapeni ndi masamba. Pambuyo pa kuoneka kwa masamba ndi kukwatira, tizilombo toyambitsa matenda amawononga mphukira, amaika dzira mmenemo, ndiyeno ndondomekoyi imaperekedwa: larva, pupa, kachirombo kakang'ono (pafupifupi pakati pa chilimwe). Chifukwa chake, tizilombo timadya masamba, maluwa ndi mapesi, tsamba la sitiroberi. Mayi mmodzi yekha amatha kuwononga maluwa 50. Ngati pali tizirombo zambiri, ndi ndondomeko ya sitiroberi ndi yochepa, ndiye kuti mutha kutaya zokololazo. Ndi strawberries weevils akhoza kusinthana kwa raspberries.
Mukudziwa? Mu 1920, ku United States, mumzinda wa Enterprise (Alabama), mwambo wopangidwa ndi kachilomboka kameneka kanamangidwa. Chipilalacho chinamangidwa ndi alimi monga chizindikiro cha kuyamikira pambuyo poti njuchi zawonongeka mbewu zonse za thonje ndi minda yowonongeka. Pambuyo pake, alimi anasiya ulimi, anayamba kukhazikitsa mbali zina za ulimi ndipo mwamsanga anakhala olemera.
Kupewa ndi agrotechnical njira tizilombo kulamulira
Vuto lomwe rasipiberi-strawberry weevil amachita ndi lalikulu kwambiri kuti njira zothandizira zitha kuthana nazo. Kupewa maonekedwe a tizilombo n'kosavuta kusiyana ndi kuyesa kuchotsa. Kupewa kuyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito pa kugwa: Pambuyo pa zokolola, nkofunika kuthetsa masamba onse a sitiroberi, udzu, udzu, chithandizo ndi tizilombo. Ngati masamba ali ndi zizindikiro zowonongeka ndi zitsamba, ndiye kuti aziwotchedwa.
Kuonjezera apo, kugwiritsa ntchito njira zina zaulimi kumathandizanso kuti pakhale nkhondo yolimbana ndi zitsamba:
- ndikofunikira "kupasuka" rasipiberi ndi sitiroberi zitsamba pa chiwembu (zonse zomera zimakhudzidwa mofanana ndi tizilombo);
- chomera sitiroberi mitundu ndi nyengo yochepa kwambiri ya maluwa;
- masamba ndi masamba oonongeka ndi tizilombo;
- Nthawi zonse muzigwiritsa ntchito njira zamagetsi zogwiritsira ntchito kafadala - kusonkhanitsa kafadala ku tchire. Ndibwino kuti muziligwiritsa ntchito m'mawa kwambiri (pambuyo pa usiku usiku maluwawo sakuyambiranso). Madzulo, mukhoza kuika pepala, filimu pansi pa tchire (mungagwiritse ntchito galasi lakuda, etc.), ndipo m'mawa muzitsitsimutsa chomeracho ndi kusonkhanitsa chikondwerero (kenaka pezani pepala, tsambulani tray ndi madzi). Ngakhale zovutazo, mphamvu ya njirayi ndi yapamwamba;
- yesetsani kuopseza tizilombo ndi fungo lamphamvu (chomera adyo, anyezi, marigolds, ndi zina zotero), ndipo nthawi ndi nthawi muyenera kusiya kapena kuchotsa mphukira kuti mupange fungo loipa;
- kukumba pansi pa nyengo yozizira, mulch ndi singano zapaini kapena filimu yamdima wandiweyani.
Anakumana wamaluwa, akuyankha momwe angagwirire ndi weevil pa strawberries mu kasupe, akulangizidwa kukonzekera misampha ya weevils. Kwa ichi, wapadera osakaniza zakonzedwa: 200 g shuga ndi 100 g yisiti pa lita imodzi ya madzi. Kusakaniza uku kumatseka mu kutentha. Kenaka imathiridwa mu chidebe cha galasi ndi khosi lopapatiza. Misampha imayikidwa pakati pa tchire la sitiroberi panthawi yake maluwa (chisakanizo chiyenera kusinthidwa masiku atatu onse). Njira yowonjezera (koma yopanda malire) ingakhale kugwiritsa ntchito misampha yopangidwa ndi nsalu (burlap) ndi makatoni opangidwa pamwamba pamadzulo otentha. Kubisala kutentha, zida zogwirira ntchito zimabisala pansi pa pepala losungunuka, ndipo wolima munda angawachotse (pamodzi ndi pepala)
Ndikofunikira! Poganizira momwe mungachotsere weevil pa sitiroberi, muyenera kukumbukira kuti chinthu chofunika kwambiri sichidzakhala njira yomwe mungayambe kulimbana ndi tizilombo, koma nthawi yomwe mumayambitsa nkhondoyi. Palibe njira imodzi yothetsera vutoli - muyenera kuwomba mabala angapo pamene tizilombo ta weevil ndi omwe ali otetezeka kwambiri.
Kulimbana ndi mankhwala ochiritsira
Chimodzi mwa ubwino wa odwala tizilombo towononga amatanthauza kuti ndizotheka kuzigwiritsa ntchito nthawi iliyonse ya chitukuko cha vegetative cha strawberries popanda kuvulaza mbewu. Njira zachikhalidwe zimafunanso kubwereza mobwerezabwereza - zimatsuka mosavuta mukamamwetsa kapena nthawi yamvula. Mphamvu ya mankhwala owerengeka kuchokera ku weevil pa sitiroberi ndi osiyana kwambiri, choncho ndi bwino kugwiritsa ntchito zochitika zatsimikiziridwa.
Kupopera mbewu za sitiroberi ndi zotchuka:
- mpiru wa mpiru (100 g wa mpiru wouma 3 malita a madzi);
- yankho la potaziyamu permanganate (5 g pa 10 l madzi);
- Chotsani cha chilli chowawa (1 makilogalamu a tsabola watsopano wofiira 10 malita a madzi, apatseni masiku awiri, ndiye wiritsani kwa mphindi khumi ndikupatsanso masiku ena awiri.
- panthawi yopanga masamba - emulsion wa mpiru ndi sopo (10 malita a madzi, 200 g sopo, 200 g ya mpiru);
- kulowetsedwa kwa tansy (madzulo): 1.5 makilogalamu atsopano a tansy mpaka 5 malita a madzi. Limbikirani masiku 3-4, 30 min. wiritsani, kuchepetsa ndi 5 malita a madzi ozizira, musanayambe kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa kuwonjezera 50 g sopo;
- fodya;
- madzi ammonia (supuni 2 pa chidebe cha madzi);
- Njira yothetsera phulusa (3 makilogalamu), sopo yotsuka (40 g) ndi 10 malita a madzi (panthawi ya budding);
- Chomera chakumwa chowawa (chomera chimodzi chimagwiritsidwa ntchito pang'ono, wiritsani kwa mphindi 15 mu madzi okwanira 4, kuwonjezera 6 malita a madzi ozizira ndi 40 g sopo).
Zotsatira zabwino zimapezeka ndi mulching strawberries ndi phulusa m'chaka, komanso kuthirira ndi mankhwala a iodine (1 tsp Per bucket of water).
Ndikofunikira! Akafunsidwa kuti akonkhete strawberries kuchokera ku weevil, akatswiri amanena kuti sitiroberi tchire ayenera kuthiridwa pokhapokha pa budding, pamene masamba apangidwa.
Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda
Pa chitetezo cha chomera, munthu ndi njuchi ku njira za chilengedwe zamoyo zowononga tizilombo zimayandikira. Iwo ali okonda zachilengedwe, samayipitsa ndipo samadzikundikira mu nthaka, zomera, ndi zina zotero.
Amayambira kuyambira kumayambiriro kwa kasupe mpaka mochedwa. Ziyenera kunyalidwa m'maganizo kuti:
- zotsatira za zotsatira za mankhwala oterowo zimawonekera kokha kupyolera mu nthawi;
- chithandizo chochuluka ndi iwo ndikofunikira;
- Biologics imadalira kwambiri nyengo (kuchepetsa kutentha, mvula, mphuno, ndi zina zotero, zimakhudza kwambiri ntchito).
Kukonzekera kotereku kuchokera ku zitsamba zamakono, monga "Akarin", "Iskra-bio", "Fitoverm", "Nemabakt", "Antonem-F" ndi ena, amavomerezedwa ndi sitiroberi. Mankhwalawa amaphatikizapo tizilombo toyambitsa matenda omwe angateteze strawberries kwa zaka zingapo. Mankhwalawa "Cesar" (omwe ali ndi mabakiteriya Pseudomonas B-306, mavitamini a bowa Stereptomyces avermitilis) amathandiza kwambiri - amachititsa ziwalo zowononga ndi kufa kwawo mkati mwa masiku asanu ndi awiri. Kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala - 10-15 ml pa 10 l madzi. Kupopera mbewu ndi mankhwala opangidwa ndi tizilombo timapanga nyengo yamtendere, youma, madzulo.
Mankhwala opopera mankhwala
Mankhwala okonzekera motsutsana ndi sitiroberi tizirombo ndi odalirika komanso othandiza kwambiri. Monga njira ya weevil pa strawberries nthawi zambiri ntchito "Karbofos", "Metafos", "Corsair", "Atelix" ndi "Inta-vir."
Ndikofunikira! Mankhwala omwe amapanga tizilombo toyambitsa matendawa ndi owopsa kwambiri, amakhala ndi zotsatira zoipa osati zowononga tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, komanso tizilombo tokoma, m'thupi la munthu. Kugwiritsiridwa ntchito (pamodzi ndi chikumbutso cha chitetezo) cha njira zoterezi ndizolondola pamene njira zina zonse sizinathandize.
Yoyamba processing wa strawberries m'chaka kuchokera weevil ikuchitika masiku asanu pamaso pa kuyamba kwa maluwa. Chithandizo chachiwiri chiyenera kuchitika m'chilimwe (pamene mbadwo watsopano wa zowononga udzaonekera). Ndi zowopsa kwambiri tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, kugwilitsila nchito m'dzinja kudakalipo pamene zokolola zasonkhanitsidwa kale. Kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa kumayambira m'mawa (kuti asamavulaze njuchi ndi tizilombo tina tapindulitsa).
