Chlorophytum ndi chitsamba chodziwika bwino mu chikhalidwe chachipinda. Zaka makumi angapo zapitazo, zimatha kupezeka m'nyumba iliyonse kapena bungwe lililonse, ndiye kuti kutchuka kunayamba kuchoka, koma osayenera. Mtengowo ndi wa banja la Asparagus ndipo umachokera ku South Africa. Dzinalo lokha ndi lodziwika bwino, limatanthauzira kuti "chomera chobiriwira". Pafupi ndi duwa, duwa limapangika mitengo yayitali ya masamba okhala ndi masamba angapo kapena masamba. Masamba ang'onoang'ono amaphuka pakati pawo. Chlorophytum imapatsa mwayi chipindacho, chodzaza ndi utoto wamaso, chimatsuka ndikumunyowetsa mpweya. Ndi zina zomwe zimagwirizanitsidwa zimathandizira kukhala ndi banja labwino.
Kufotokozera kwamasamba
Chlorophytum ndi herbaceous osatha kufikira 50cm. Sichikhala ndi tsinde ndipo imakhala ndi duwa losalala lamasamba oyambira. Rhizome yokha pamtengowo imapangidwa bwino. Amakhala ndi ntchentche yoyera komanso yosalala komanso yolimba (ma tubers). Amadziunjikira chinyezi, chomwe sichimalola kufa m'nthawi yachilala.
Masamba otambalala amakhala osalala kapena ofupikana. Ali ndi mawonekedwe osalala ndi mtundu wowoneka bwino kapena wotuwa. Kutalika kwa tsamba lamasamba ndi 15-60 cm. Mbali yokhotakhota, mtsempha wapakati umatupa kwambiri.
Maluwa amapangidwira masika kapena chilimwe pamitunda yayitali (masharubu). M'malo abwino, chomera chamkati chimamasula kangapo pachaka. Mphukira zimasonkhanitsidwa m'magulu ang'onoang'ono ngati mfundo kapena kupanga mawonekedwe owonda koma achidule. Ma coroll ang'onoang'ono ndi oyera kapena kirimu wowoneka bwino ndipo amakhala ndi mafiyala asanu ndi amodzi aulere osanja okhala ndi m'mphepete. Pakatikati pake pali stamens wautali ndi ma antens achikasu ozungulira ndi mawonekedwe owonda a ovary.
Pamapeto maluwa, ana amakula pamapewa. Choyamba, tsamba laling'ono limapangidwa, kenako kenako ndikuwonekera mizu, yomwe ikalumikizana ndi dothi, imazika mizu. Nthawi zina ana amasiyidwa mumlengalenga, ndikupanga chitsamba chachikulu chokhala ndi suti yamakoma amlengalenga.
Pa kupukutira, mwana wosabadwayo amapangidwa - bokosi louma la mawonekedwe osalala. Mkati, imagawidwa m'magulu atatu.
Mitundu ndi mitundu
Chlorophytum imagwirizanitsa pafupifupi mitundu 200 ya mbewu, koma mitundu yochepa ndi zingapo zokongoletsera zomwe zimapezeka mu maluwa okongola.
Chlorophytum watha. Chomera chosatha chokhala ndi masamba yayitali. Masamba owoneka bwino obiriwira amawasonkhanitsa mozungulira mpaka 40-50 cm. Kuchokera pamenepo amakula mivi yayitali ndi maluwa ndi ana ovutikira, ndichifukwa chake chitsamba chachikulire chimafanana ndi kasupe wobiriwira. Zosiyanasiyana:
- vittatum - pakatikati pa tsamba lobiriwira pali mzere wopyapyala woyera;
- Paligate - chepetsa cha siliva chilipo papepala lopepuka;
- laksum - masamba okhala ndi masamba osiyanasiyana amakonzedwa mwanjira ya zimakupiza ndipo amakhala ndi malire oyera oyera kuzungulira m'mphepete;
- nyanja - imasiyana ndi mitundu yam'mbuyo yamakedzana masamba.
Chlorophytum curly (Bonnie). Kuyang'ana kowoneka bwino ndi masamba opindika kuzungulira. Pakatikati pa pepalalo pali chingwe choyera.
Chlorophytum Cape. Masamba obiriwira otalika-lanceolate amakula mpaka 60 cm mulitali ndipo osapitirira 3 cm. Iwo amapanga masamba obiriwira otulutsa maluwa ndipo amatulutsa maluwa oyera ang'onoang'ono pamaudzu afupipafupi. Mitundu siyimatulutsa ndevu zazitali, chifukwa chake imaberekana nthawi zambiri mwakugawana chomera.
Chlorophytum mapiko (lalanje). Chomera chotalika 30 mpaka 40 masentimita chimasiyanitsidwa ndi masamba owundikira ambiri pa petioles lalifupi. Tsamba lobiriwira lakuda limasiyanitsidwa ndi phesi la lalanje ndi mtsempha wapakati. Pa peduncle yayifupi, inflorescence yooneka ngati kakhosi imapangidwa.
Njira zolerera
Pezani mbewu zatsopano sizovuta. Ndiwosavuta kugwiritsa ntchito njira zolerera. Kuti mumve ngati woweta, mutha kumera duwa kuchokera pa nthanga. Zimapezeka mosadalira chifukwa cha kupukutira mungu kapena kugulidwa m'sitolo. Kumera ndikotsika, 25-25% yokha.
Kubzala mbewu. Asanabzale, nthangala zimanyowetsedwa kwa tsiku limodzi chonyowa. Ndikwabwino kuwafesa kumayambiriro kwa masika. Konzani miphika ndi mchenga ndi peat nthaka, momwe kubzala zinthu kumalimbitsidwa ndi 5-7 mm. Pamwamba pa dziko lapansi papopekedwa ndikufundidwa ndi filimu. Sungani malo obiriwira pamtunda wozungulira komanso kutentha kwa + 22 ... + 25 ° C. Phatikizani mbewu tsiku ndi tsiku ndikumawaza ngati pakufunika. Kuwombera kumawonekera pang'onopang'ono, pambuyo pa masabata a 4-6. Pogona sichichotsedwa nthawi yomweyo, pang'onopang'ono kuzolowera mbande kuti izitseguka. Ndi mawonekedwe a masamba enieni a 2-3, chlorophytums amathira mumiphika yaying'ono.
Gawani chitsamba. Chomera chachikulu (choposa zaka zinayi) chimagawika m'magulu awiriwo ndikumasulidwa. Mizu imadulidwa ndi tsamba lakuthwa ndikuwazidwa ndi magawo a makala ophwanyika. Pambuyo pake, iwo amabzala nthawi yomweyo mumphika watsopano. Ngakhale kugawana pang'ono ndi impso limodzi ndi gawo lochepera muzu kumatha kuzika mizu.
Ana ozika mizu. Ma Rosette pa masharubu (maluwa zimayambira) ndi masamba 4-5 ndi mizu yaying'ono airy pang'ono m'manda. Amamwetsedwa, ndipo pakatha milungu iwiri, mwana atazika mizu, amalekanitsidwa ndi mphukira. Mutha kudulanso pomwepo ndikuyika mugalasi ndi madzi pang'ono. Kubzala mu dothi la mbeu za akulu kumachitika pokhazikitsidwa mizu yathunthu.
Kusamalira Panyumba
Chlorophytum si yopanda pake, kotero ndikosavuta kuisamalira. Mukakhala mosatekeseka, imakondwera ndi mtundu wobiriwira wobiriwira komanso maluwa okhazikika. Kubzala ndi kufalitsa ndikonzedwa bwino muFebruwari-Marichi. Zomera zazing'ono zimasinthidwa chaka chilichonse, ndipo zachikulire zaka zitatu zilizonse. Duwa limakhala ndi chizimba champhamvu ndipo limafunikira mphika wofalikira, komabe, ndikosayenera kutenga gawo lalikulu nthawi yomweyo. Mizu yanu imatha kuvunda kapena kukula mwamphamvu mpaka gawo lapansi litasiya kukula.
Zinthu zoumba (dongo zokulitsidwa, zidutswa za njerwa zofiira kapena polystyrene) zimathiridwa pansi pamphika. Dothi limapangidwa ndi:
- dothi louma (magawo awiri);
- tsamba humus (1 gawo);
- mchenga wamtsinje (gawo limodzi);
- pepala lamtundu (gawo 1);
- khungubwi yaini yaini (1 gawo).
Makonda ndi osakanikirana ndi kusaloledwa kapena pang'ono acidic. Poika mbewu, zimamasula chomeracho kuzinthu zambiri zadothi ndikuyang'ana mizu. Magawo owola ndi osweka amachotsedwa. Pamapeto pa ntchito, tchire zimathiriridwa ndikusiyidwa.
Kuti kukula kwabwinobwino, chlorophytum imafunikira kuwala kowala komanso nthawi yayitali masana. Kuchokera pakuwala kwadzuwa masana, chitetezo chimafunika. Mu kasupe ndi chilimwe, mmera umakhala bwino kum'mawa kapena kumadzulo kwenera. M'nyengo yozizira, imakonzedwanso pazenera lakumwera. Maluwa sadzafa m'malo owala, koma amakula pang'onopang'ono ndipo amatha kutaya masamba a masamba.
Kutentha kokwanira kwa mpweya ndi + 22 ... + 28 ° C. M'nyengo yozizira, kuzizira kumaloledwa mpaka + 18 ... + 20 ° C, koma osatsika kuposa + 10 ... + 12 ° C. Popeza kutentha kumachepa, ndikofunikira kuchepetsa kuthirira ndikuchepetsa chinyezi.
Nthawi zambiri chlorophytum imasinthana bwino ndi chinyezi chokomera m'chipindacho, koma moyamikira amayankha kupopera ndi kusamba fumbi nthawi ndi nthawi. Mu mpweya wouma kwambiri kapena nthawi yozizira, pafupi ndi zotenthetsa, nsonga za masamba ziume ndi kuda. Izi zimapangitsa chitsamba kusakhala chokongola.
M'nyengo yotentha ndi yotentha, mbewuzo zimathiriridwa madzi ambiri, koma zimatha kupirira nthawi yayitali pakati pa ulimi wothirira, kuti nthaka idutse ndi theka kapena kuposerapo. Izi sizivulaza mbewu, chifukwa m'mizu imasungira gawo lofunikira la madzi. Kusunthika kwa madzi sikuyenera kuloledwa, kotero kuti potoyo imathiramo mphindi 15-30 mutathirira.
Ndi kumuika nthawi zonse, chlorophytum imatha kuchita popanda feteleza. Kuti amadyera amakula kwambiri mwachisawawa, mu Marichi-Ogasiti, kawiri pamwezi, yankho la zinthu zosakanikirana ndi mchere zomwe zimapangidwira limalowetsedwa m'nthaka.
Kutengera malamulo onse posamalira matendawa, mbewu za chlorophytum sizimawopa. Kutentha kochepa komanso chinyezi chachikulu, matenda oyamba ndi mafangasi (mawanga, zowola mizu, phokoso la ufa) amatha. Madera onse owonongeka ayenera kudulidwa. Musalole kuti zikhale zowopsa, chifukwa chlorophytum imapanganso bwino. Kuthandizanso kusinthiratu ndi dothi ndikuchiza ndi fungicide.
Mukakumana ndi chomera kapena nthawi yotentha mumsewu, chlorophytum imatha kuyanjidwa ndi tizilombo tating'onoting'ono, mavuvu, nthata kapena nthata za akangaude. Nthawi imeneyi, mbewu zimayenera kuyesedwa nthawi ndi nthawi. Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tikawoneka, timapeto timayamba kusambitsidwa ndi sopo wamoto wotentha, kenako ndikuwathandizira ndi tizirombo kapena nyemba.
Kodi chlorophytum yothandiza ndi iti
Chlorophytum siokongola kokha, komanso yothandiza m'mbali zonse za mbewu. Zatsimikiziridwa kuti korona wake amatulutsa kosasunthika, womwe umapangitsa kuti mlengalenga uve. Imapezanso utsi wovulaza anthu: kaboni monoxide, formaldehyde, utsi wa fodya. Unyinji wobiriwira umatulutsa mpweya wambiri ndi chinyezi, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mlengalenga mukhale wathanzi.
Chlorophytum imayendera limodzi ndi zikhulupiriro zingapo komanso zizindikiro zomwe zimati duwa ndilothandiza kwambiri kutonthoza kwanyumba komanso chisangalalo cha banja. Kasupe wobiriwira uyu amachotsa kwa mwini mphamvu yambiri, amachepetsa nkhawa komanso amathandiza kuthana ndi mavuto m'moyo wake. Anthu osungulumwa omwe ali ndi duwa ili mnyumba mwawo amatha kupeza anzawo. Mabanja azingokhalabe okhudzidwa.
Ojambula maluwa amadziwa kuti nyumba zambiri zimayenera kupatulidwa ndi nyama zapakhomo, monga masamba awo ndi oopsa. Koma chlorophytum imatha kuloledwa kudya amphaka, ngati udzu wamba wa udzu. Inde, tchire limatha kukhala lokongola, koma izi ndizabwino kwa zinyama. Adzalandira zinthu zofunika ndikuyeretsa thupi lophika la ubweya.
