Nkhokwe za Sharolez

Pakati pa ziweto zazikulu komanso zabodza, Charolais ndime makamaka.

Oimira ake ndi omwe amatsogoleredwa ndi nyama ndipo amatha kukhala olimba kuti apeze zipatso zabwino za nyama.

Kusunga nyama zazikuluzikulu sizingakhale zophweka, koma ntchito yonse idzalipidwa, yomwe ndi yosavuta kuiwona, yodziwa bwino za zikhalidwe za ng'ombezi.

Zamkatimu:

• Kufotokozera ndi maonekedwe
• Bull
• Ng'ombe
• Ng'ombe
• Zizindikiro za nyama ndi mkaka
• Mphamvu ndi zofooka

Mbiri ya chiyambi

Mbiri ya kubereka ng'ombe Charolais ili ndi zaka zoposa zana, chifukwa nthawi yoyamba nyama zinawonekera ku France, kumayambiriro kwa zaka za zana la 17. Ng'ombe za Sharolese zamakono zimatengedwa kuti ndizo mitundu ya mitundu yosiyanasiyana yomwe ili ndi zosiyana komanso zosiyana. Panthawi ya boma, mtundu watsopanowu unkazindikiridwa mu 1864, ndiye kuti mabuku oyambirira owerengetsera ndalama anayamba kupanga.

Zoona, ziyenera kudziwika kuti ng'ombe zoyamba za Charolais zinali zosiyana kwambiri ndi oimira masiku ano, ndipo zinkathandiza kuti nyama ndi mkaka zikhale zokolola, osatchulidwa makhalidwe abwino (kwa nthawi yaitali ng'ombezo zinasungidwa kuntchito).

Ngakhale kuti masiku amenewo, kulemera ndi kukula kwa minofu ya zinyama kunali kochepa kwambiri kwa zamasiku ano, koma mphamvu yowononga chitetezo ndi kupirira zimapindula mokwanira.

Asayansi anasunthira njira zatsopano zoberetsera zokololazo kumayambiriro kwa zaka makumi awiri ndi makumi awiri, pamene ng'ombe zomwe zinalipo m'chigawo cha Charol zinayamba kuwoloka ndi Breeds Shortline ndi Simmentals.

Mukudziwa? Ng'ombe za Charolais zinkayenda kwambiri ndi Brahmins, komanso kuti ntchito yokolola inkachitika mwamphamvu kotero kuti mtanda watsopano unkakhala ku Australia. Kupeza nyama yotereyi ndi kovuta kwambiri, chifukwa kuti tipeze buku la stud, liyenera kuyenda 75% mwa magazi a Charolais ndi 25% ya Brahmin.

Kuchokera pano, chiwerengerochi chinayamba kusankhidwa chifukwa cha kukula ndi chiwerengero cha nyama, ndipo pambuyo pa nkhondo mabungwe oyambirira okhudzidwa, zipangizo zamakono komanso ndondomeko yawo yowonjezera anaonekera. Pa gawo la Russia ndi Ukraine, Charolais anagwa kokha kumayambiriro kwa zaka zikwi ziwiri ndipo adakalipobe.

Kufotokozera ndi maonekedwe

Charolais ndi imodzi mwa mitundu imeneyo, yomwe imadziwika ndi dorphism yokhudza kugonana kwa mamembala ake. Mwachidule, mkaziyo ndi wocheperapo kwa mwamuna wamtundu ndi kunja kwa thupi kumanga, kutaya pang'ono pamsana wake. Taganizirani zochitika za kugonana kwambiri.

Ng'ombe za nyama zimaphatikizaponso zoyera za Kazakh, limousine, Hereford, Highland, Kalmyk, ndi Shorthorn.

Bull

Kulemera kwa ng'ombe yaikulu kwambiri pa mtundu uwu kumakhala ndi matani awiri, koma izi ndizopambana kwambiri ndipo ena ambiri amuna amachepera - pafupifupi 1000-1600 makilogalamu. Komabe, onsewa ali ndi thupi lalikulu ndipo amakula mpaka 165 cm pamene akufota.

Pakati pa zinyama zili ndi izi:

1. Nyumba ng'ombe yamphongo ya Sharolese yokhala ndi timadzi timeneti, tomwe timapangidwira pang'ono, towonjezera m'chifuwa.
2. Kutalika kwa chiwombankhanga cha amuna ndi masentimita 220, ndi chifuwa chachikulu cha 90 cm.
3. Muzitsanzo zoyera bwino bwino minofu misa, ndi ziphuphu mu chifuwa ndi ntchafu. Mapeto a amuna ndi akazi ali otsika, koma amphamvu, ndipo chiŵerengero cha kumbuyo ndi kutsogolo kwa torso ndi chimodzimodzi.
4. Mutu - ndizochepa, ndi lobe lopangidwa mwakachetechete ndi nyanga zazikulu pamwala.
5. Khungu - zotsekemera kwambiri, komanso kuzungulira khosi zimasonkhanitsidwa m'mapanga akulu ndi tsitsi lalifupi.
6. Kupeza mafuta pansi pa khungu sizinatchulidwe monga mwa mitundu yambiri ya nyama, ndipo mphamvu yaikulu imene thupi la ng'ombe limalandira kuchokera ku chakudya imayendetsedwa pofuna kupeza minofu.

Nyama zimakula mpaka zaka ziwiri, kotero zimatha kutchedwa oyambirira, ngakhalenso ndi zokolola zabwino m'zaka za chaka chimodzi.

Ng'ombe

Zina mwa ng'ombe za mtundu wa Charolais zili ndi zolemba zolemera: nyama zina zikhoza kupitirira 800 kg. Komabe, mbali yaikulu ya ziweto zidzamatira kulemera kwa 600-750 makilogalamu (kukula kwa 1-1.55 m), koma ngakhale mfundo izi ndizokwanira ngati mukukula nyama kuti idye nyama.

Mofanana ndi ng'ombe, mtundu wa tsitsi la tsitsi umakhala wosiyana ndi mthunzi wokhala ndi mthunzi wofiira kwambiri mpaka kumatulo ena a brownish, ngakhale kuti akazi nthawi zambiri amakhala owala kuposa amuna.

Ndikofunikira! Zowonongeka za mtunduwu zimaphatikizapo sacrum yowoneka ngati denga, malamulo osasunthika a thupi, mapewa otsetsereka kumbuyo ndi opindika.

Kunja kwa mbali, poyamba, akazi amasiyana kwambiri:

• Zowonjezera, pafupifupi nthawi zonse kumbuyo;
• Kuthamanga kwautali (koma osati monga chachikulu ngati ng'ombe)
• udder wofewa wofewa (ngakhale kuti ukhoza kukhala ndi mbuzi);
• mutu wawung'ono ndi nyanga zosadziŵika.

Ng'ombe

Ng'ombe za Charolais zimapanga ng'ombe zamphongo zazikulu zokwanira 55 mpaka 70 kg (mtengo wochepa ndi 30 makilogalamu). Komabe, izi sizowonjezereka kwambiri, chifukwa chiwerengero cha milandu yowonjezera yowonjezereka: chitetezo cha ana atabereka sichitha kuposa 92%, ndipo osapitirira 90% aliwonse amakhala ndi miyezi isanu ndi umodzi.

Zotsatira zovuta za genera ndi ng'ombeyo: Nthawi zambiri amamangidwa ku placenta komanso kupanga mapuloteni m'mimba mwake. Ana opeza bwino akukula mofulumira komanso akulemera.

Kuwoneka kwa ana a ng'ombe iyi ndi njira zambiri zowakumbukira kunja kwa ena ambiri oimira makampani a nyama, okhawo amapatsidwa ndi kuwala, kolimba ndi tsitsi lakuda, tsitsi lochepa.

Mosiyana ndi mitundu ina, ana a ng'ombe a Charolais sakuvomerezedwa kuti apitsidwe ku zakudya zopangira zakumwa kumayambiriro ndikuchotsedwa kwa amayi, popeza izi zikudzaza ndi matenda.

Zizindikiro za nyama ndi mkaka

Sichinthu chachilendo, koma chifukwa cha zokolola zabwino za nyama, mtundu wa Charolais ukhoza kupereka mkaka wabwino, womwe umadziwika bwino ndi ntchito yabwino:

• Mtengo wa mkaka pachaka - 2000-4000 malita;
• mafuta a mkaka - 3.5-4.5%, okhala ndi mapuloteni a 3.2-3.4;
• Kupha nyama - mpaka 65%;
• Makhalidwe abwino a nyama ndi zowakometsera ndi nyama yowopsya yokoma, ndipo izi zimasungidwa ngakhale ngati nyama yakukalamba imatumizidwa kukapha.

Mukudziwa? Kuti mupeze nyama zoposa 200 makilogalamu a nyama, nyama ya Charolais imadyetsedwa ndi chakudya chamagulu kwa masiku osachepera 136. Zokondweretsa, koma zowuma zouma sizipereka ng'ombe.

Mphamvu ndi zofooka

Nthenda iliyonse ya zinyama ili ndi ubwino wake ndi umoyo, omwe abereketsedwe amatsogoleredwa muzochita zosankha. Choncho, tikufuna kulingalira za ubwino ndi zovuta za ng'ombe za Charolais. Ubwino wosadziwika wa zinyama zazikuluzi ndizo:

• kutetezeka kwabwino komanso kupititsa patsogolo zamoyo zamtunduwu, kuphatikizapo kuphatikizapo makhalidwe onse a chibadwa cha mtundu;
• nkhuku zakutchire, ngakhale pakati pa mitundu ina ya nyama;
• Kupirira, mphamvu zabwino zowonongeka zomwe zimalola nyama kusintha mofulumira ku zikhalidwe zosiyana kwambiri za ndende (zopatulapo, mwinamwake, madera omwe amasintha kutentha kwadzidzidzi ndi kutentha kwakukulu);
• kuthekera kwa kupha ng'ombe kale pa miyezi inayi;
• Zakudya zopanda phindu: ngati palibe malo odyetserako ziweto, nyama zimathamanga mwamsanga komanso zimadyetsa chakudya;
• kusungirako zokoma za ng'ombe, ngakhale pakati pa oimirira akale, mosasamala nthawi yakupha.

Ndikofunikira! Ng'ombe za Charolais zimakhalabe zowonjezera mpaka zaka 15.

Zokhudzana ndi zofooka zobereketsa ziweto zazikuluzikulu, pakati pa izi:

• nkhanza zazikulu za ng'ombe ndi ng'ombe zosamalira ana, chifukwa nthawi zambiri zimakhala zoopsa kwa anthu;
• Kuchuluka kwa calving ndi kuchuluka kwa imfa ya ng'ombe ndi mavuto ndi njira yoberekera yazimayi, yomwe nthawi zambiri imatsogolera ku imfa;
• matenda obadwa nawo omwe amachititsa kuti mtima wosalephera ukhale wolephera;
• Kulephera kugwiritsa ntchito mbeu ya ng'ombe pofuna kudula mitundu ing'onoing'ono ndi mitanda, popeza kukula kwa mwana wang'ombe kumakhala kovuta pa nthawi yomwe ali ndi pakati komanso panthawi yobadwa.

Pofuna kuthetsa vutoli, oimira mitundu ina yambiri ya nyama amagwiritsidwa ntchito poswana, ndipo apa pali ena otchuka kwambiri: ana awo amabadwa ochepa, koma amalandira mwamsanga kukula kwa anzawo kuchokera ku mitundu ina ya nyama.

Ng'ombe za Charolais ndizosiyana kwambiri ndi ziweto zomwe zimakula pa minda yamapiri ndi yayikulu, koma zimphonazi sizikuyenera kukhalabe paokhaokha. Ng'ombe zimapatsa mkaka pang'ono, osati mwiniwake aliyense angathe kuzipirira.