Munda wa Gerbera ndi imodzi mwazomera zotchuka kwambiri pakati pa olima maluwa. Kunja kumafanana ndi camomile, komabe, mosiyana ndi mfumukazi yaminda, gerbera imafunikira chisamaliro chapadera. Pothokoza, amasangalala ndi maluwa komanso maluwa owala bwino. Kufotokozera kwa dimba gerbera, kubzala ndi kusamalira, mawonekedwe a kubereka ndi zovuta zokulitsa mbewuyi ndizoyenera kuziwona mwatsatanetsatane.
Munda wa Gerbera - ndi maluwa otani, omwe banja lawo ndi ake
Gerbera ndi wa banja la a Astrov. Chomera chimadziwika ndi mizu yamphamvu, kutalika kumatha kufika 20-30 sentimita. Masamba obiriwira atatu amaphatikizidwa mu rosette yoyera, pamwamba pake maluwa amatuluka.
Odziwa maluwa amayerekeza gerberas ndi echinacea kapena daisies. Kusiyanako kuli m'gulu la masewera
Pakatikati mwake inflorescence ndi masentimita 12. Imatha kuphuka kwa masiku 30. Nthawi yomweyo, nyongoyi imaphuka miyezi itatu. Munthawi imeneyi, maluwa pafupifupi awiri amapangika pachitsamba chowoneka bwino. Akuluakulu, osakwatiwa, ndipo ali ndi maziko owoneka bwino a madengu. Maluwa amatha kukhala wamba, pawiri kapena theka.
Kufotokozera Mwachidule, Mbiri Yoyambira
Malo obadwira gerbera ndi South Africa. Amamera kuthengo. Asayansi amalankhula za mitundu iwiriyi ya dzina la duwa. Malinga ndi m'modzi mwa iwo, gerbera adadzipatsa ulemu kulemekeza Traugott Gerber, dokotala komanso wasayansi wazaku Germany, yemwe kwa zaka zambiri amagwira ntchito ku Russia ndipo adayang'anira munda wa mankhwala opangira mankhwala ku Moscow. Mtundu wachiwiriwu ukunena kuti kuchokera ku Chilatini mawu oti "malaya" atha kutanthauziridwa kuti "udzu", ndipo popeza chomerachi ndi cha gulu la udzu, dzina lotere likhoza kupatsidwa kwa iwo.
Zambiri! Kwa nthawi yoyamba, woweta ng'ombe kuchokera ku Scotland adatengera maluwa owala: ndi omwe adayamba kulima gerberas. Izi zidachitika m'chigawo chimodzi cha ku France - Transvaale, chifukwa chake gerbera ili ndi dzina lina - Transvaal chamomile.
Zosiyanasiyana zamitundu, mitundu yayitali yayitali, maonekedwe ake
Ngakhale mitundu ndi mitundu yambiri (masiku ano mitundu yopitilira 1000 imaberekedwa), obereketsa akupitilizabe kugwira ntchito yoberetsa zatsopano. Wamaluwa amakonda ma hybrids ndi mitundu, yomwe imadziwika ndi zokongoletsera zapamwamba. Ndikofunikira kudziwa mitundu ya gerber yotchuka kwambiri yomwe ili yoyenera kulima panja.
Gerber Jameson
Izi zosiyanasiyana zimatchedwa zazikulu. Zinali pamtundu uliwonse kuti mitundu yonse yomwe imadziwika ndi alimi a maluwa lero idabadwa. Duwa la gerbera la Jameson lili pachimake cholimba kutalika kwa masentimita, masamba ake ndi akulu, pubescent, nthenga mawonekedwe. Inflorescences, mainchesi ake omwe amapitilira masentimita 10, ali ndi mizere imodzi kapena zingapo, pamitundu yonseyi imafikiranso pa 30. Utoto wamtundu ndi wosiyana, pomwe pakati maluwa amatalikirana ndi kamvekedwe kakakulu. Kutulutsa kwamaluwa amodzi ndi masiku 21.
Gerbera Wright
Gerbera Wright nthawi zambiri amakulitsidwa kuti apange maluwa komanso monga gawo lofunikira pakupangidwira kwa malowa. Chomera chimadziwika ndi kutalika kwakutali - chimayamba masika ndikupitilira mpaka nyengo yozizira ikayamba. Rosette imakhala ndi masamba akulu a zipatso za cirrus, kumapeto kwa duwa lalitali limapangidwa lomwe limawoneka ngati chamomile. Chapakati nthawi zambiri chimakhala ndi chikaso choyera kapena choyera, ma phale amatha kukhala osiyanasiyana:
- reds;
- wofiirira
- chikasu;
- lalanje
- pinki.
Nthawi zambiri, gerbera ya Wright imagwiritsidwa ntchito kupangira maluwa okongola komanso oyambirirawo.
Gerbera Abyssinian
Zomera zamtunduwu ndizofanana ndi mankhwala ena onse a chamomile. Kupezeka kuthengo ku Ethiopia. Maluwa a mtundu wa Reed, nthawi zambiri amakhala oyera. Masamba achichepere amakhala ndi kupindika pang'ono. Rasette yoyambira imakhala ndi masamba owoneka bwino.
Zambiri! Nthawi zambiri, wamaluwa amakhala ndi funso - ndi gerbera mbewu yamuyaya kapena pachaka. Monga chomera, maluwa amakula ngati osatha, ndipo akakula poyera m'malo ozizira, nthawi zambiri amakakulidwa ngati duwa la pachaka.
Gerbera Alcor
Zosiyanasiyana ndizoyenera kulimidwa panja. Ili ndi duwa laling'ono lokhala ndi masamba yopapatiza, omwe maluwa ake amakhala ndi mtundu wowala wa chitumbuwa. Kutalika kwakukulu kwa mbewu kumafika 60 cm.
Aldebaran ndi ena
Wamtundu wamitundu iwiri wokhala ndi maluwa osalala abwino. Pakatikati pa inflorescence nthawi zambiri simaposa masentimita 9. Kutalika kwa thengo kumasiyana masentimita 50 mpaka 60. Mitundu ina imadziwikanso kwambiri pakati pamaluwa - gerberas amakula m'madacha ndi m'minda:
- terry ndi semi-terry - mwachitsanzo, Spark;
- wamkulu wamaluwa ndi sing'anga-kakulidwe ngale - Mars;
- wocheperako-wokhala ndi maluwa akulu - Jupiter ndi Migar;
- yotakasa inflorescence yaying'ono kapena yapakatikati - Vera ndi Saturn.
Kubzala dimba la gerbera poyera
Ngakhale kuzizira kwakanthawi kochepa kumatha kuwononga munda wa gerbera. Chifukwa chake, nthawi yabwino kubzala maluwa pokhazikika pachitunda ndikuyamba kuopseza chisanu.
Tcherani khutu! Alimi okhwima amalimbikitsa kubzala gerberas nthawi yomweyo ngati tomato, biringanya, nkhaka.
Kusankha kwatsamba
Chimodzi mwazinthu zofunika kwambiri kuti mbewu ikule bwino ndi kusankha malo oyenera. Chowonadi ndi chakuti mbewuyo singatulutse ngati ibzalidwe pamalo pomwe sipangakhale kuyatsa kokwanira. Kuphatikiza apo, malowa ayenera kutsekedwa kuchokera kumphepo komanso kukonzekera.
Zofunika! Potseguka, gerberas imatha kumera kumwera kwa Russia kapena mumsewu wapakati. Nzika zakumadera ena ziyenera kukonzekera malo oti mbewuyo izalimo.
Momwe angakonzekerere nthaka ndi mbande kuti zibzalidwe
Kusiyana kwakukulu pakati pa ma gerberas ndi mbewu zina za m'munda ndikuti sizingakhale panthaka yamadzi, chamomile chokulirapo ndi dongo sichifuna. Ndikofunikira kuti malo obzala maluwawo akhale ndi michereum, potaziyamu ndi manganese. Ogwira ntchito zamaluwa odziwa akuchenjeza: mukakonza dothi la gerbera, simuyenera kupanga manyowa aliwonse mmenemo. M'malo mwake, kompositi yaying'ono imawonjezeredwa.
Zomera zimayenera kupatsidwa kuunikira okwanira, apo ayi matendawa amatambasuka ndipo maluwa amakhala ochepa
Musanadzalemo mbande za gerbera mdziko muno, konzekerani mbande. Poyamba, uyenera kupendedwa. Sichiyenera kukhala ndi zokutira yoyera, mawanga a bulauni kapena thukuta. Sayenera kukhala yopendekera. Mtundu wabwinobwino wamasamba wobiriwira. Kuti mbande zizolowera zatsopano, ziyenera kutulutsidwa tsiku lonse.
Momwe mungasamalire perennials
Polankhula za momwe tingakulitsire gerberas, wina sanganene kuti chikhalidwechi chimakonda mpweya wabwino, chikufunikira magetsi owala, chinyezi chambiri, kugwiritsa ntchito feteleza nthawi yake.
Kutsirira malamulo ndi chinyezi
Mbewuyo imakonda kuthirira ochepa koma pafupipafupi. Mukukula, dimba gerbera limafunikira madzi ambiri, koma ndikofunikira kuonetsetsa kuti mizu ilibe chinyezi.
Malamulo angapo ayenera kuwonedwa:
- madzi sayenera kufikira malo ogulitsira;
- madzi ayenera kupewedwa pamasamba;
- gwiritsani madzi ofunda okha - 26-28 ℃ pamwamba pa ziro.
Zofunika! Olimi odziwa zamaluwa amalimbikitsa kukhala ngati ulimi wothirira: masiku anayi a dothi lonyowa ayenera kusinthidwa ndi masiku awiri owuma.
Kwa gerbera aliyense m'mundamo, kulima ndi kusamalira ziyenera kukhala zoyandikana kwambiri ndi malo achilengedwe otentha. Olemba maluwa akuti: ndikosafunika kupopera gerberas, koma mulingo wonyowa uyenera kukhala wokwera - pafupifupi 65-75%, koma osayenera kupitilira 85%.
Njira yabwino yopangira dothi pachikhalidwecho ndi asidi pang'ono
Musanabzale gerbera, malo ake ayenera kuthandizidwa ndi phytosporin - popewa matenda oyamba ndi fungus.
Mavalidwe apamwamba ndi dothi labwino
Patatha masiku 30 ndikuyika malowo pamalo osatha, feteleza woyamba atha kuyika dothi. Ochita maluwa amalimbikitsa kuti kamodzi masiku 14 kuyambira Marichi mpaka nthawi yagwa, apange feteleza.
Zamoyo ndizoletsedwa. Maluwa sadzagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi mankhwala okhala ndi chlorine, ng'ombe kapena manyowa a mbalame. Chifukwa cha feteleza wotere, muzu wama khosi womwe ungathe kukhazikika, mbewuyo idzafa.
Kudulira ndi kupatsirana
Mtengowo ukazirala, ndikofunikira kuchita kudulira. Masamba owuma, maluwa omwe maluwa amatulutsa kale maluwa ayenera kuchotsedwa. Kudula masamba ochulukirapo sikungakhale kopitilira muyeso - izi ndizofunikira kuti mulimbikitse maluwa atsopano.
Kupandukira kwa Gerbera ndibwino kumapeto kwa mvula. Nthaka iyenera kukhala yopepuka, yopopera. Mizu iyenera kudulira, kungoyambira masentimita 10-15. Musanazikeezeke, khosi la chomera liyenera kuthandizidwa ndi kuwala kwapinki kwa potaziyamu permanganate.
Zima Gerbera Chisamaliro
Otsala adatha kupangira mitundu yomwe imalekerera kutsika kwa -10 ℃, komabe, amafunikiranso pogona nyengo yachisanu.
Polankhula ngati nyongolosi zam'madzi kapena pachaka, ziyenera kunenedwa kuti zonse zimatengera nyengo yamaderawo. M'madera omwe nthawi ya nyengo yozizira imakhala yayitali, tikulimbikitsidwa kusinthira mbewu mumtsuko - ndikuzisamutsa kuchipinda. Kunyumba, zomerazi zidzapulumuka nyengo yozizira. Kumagawo akum'mwera, ndikokwanira kudulira mapesi a maluwa, kusiya umuna, ndi kuchepetsa kuthirira. Kuphimba tchire nyengo yachisanu isanayambe kukhala udzu, masamba agwa.
Ochita maluwa amalangizidwa kuti ayike miphika ya gerbera mzipinda zokhala ndi chinyezi chochepa komanso kutentha
Zomera zamaluwa oyenda maluwa
Payokha, ndikofunikira kutchula nthawi ndi nthawi yomwe duwa lomwe limamera.
Nthawi yochita komanso kupumira
Zomera zimadziwika ndi nyengo yayitali ya miyezi itatu. Gerberas samakhala ndi nthawi yogona, koma m'miyezi yozizira njira zonse zimachepa.
Mitundu ndi mawonekedwe a maluwa
Maluwa a Gerbera amatha kukhala wamba, pawiri, theka. Kukula kwa inflorescences ndikofunikira, mawonekedwewo amafanana ndi daisies kapena daisies.
Njira zofotokozera maluwa
Fotokozerani chomera m'njira zingapo. Zomwe zikuluzikulu zikugawa chitsamba ndi mbewu.
Kufalitsa pogawa chitsamba
Kumayambiriro kwamasamba, muyenera kukumba chitsamba ndikugawa mizere ingapo. Aliyense ayenera kukhala ndi timapepala. Mphukira ibzalidwe m'nthaka kuti chotsatsira sichingatalikenso sentimita imodzi.
Kufalitsa mbewu
Timalankhula zamomwe mungapangire maluwa owala bwino a gerbera, momwe angakulire kwa mbewu, sitinganene kuti njirayi ndiyowonjezera mphamvu. Kale mu Januware-February, mbande zibzalidwa. Mbewu zimanyowetsedwa m'madzi, osaletsa kuyanika. Pakatha masiku 4-5, mbewu zikayamba kubwatika, zimasunthidwa kukhala dothi lonyowa. Finyani dothi kuchokera pamwamba ndi mchenga ndikuphimba ndi filimu. Amanyowetsa nthaka nthawi ndi nthawi - ndibwino kuchita izi ndi mfuti yopopera. Mu sabata limodzi, mphukira zoyambirira zidzaonekera.
Mavuto akukula, matenda ndi tizirombo
Nthawi zambiri, ma gerberas amakhala ndi matenda oyamba ndi fungus. Zikakhala kuti mafangayi akhudza mizu ya chomera, duwa liyenera kuthandizidwa kukaika kumalo atsopano, popeza kale lidagwiritsa ntchito nthaka ndi mizu ya chomera ndi mankhwala antifungal. Mankhwala amathandizanso kuti muchotse imvi.
Zambiri! Polimbana ndi powdery mildew fungicides angakuthandizeni. Ngati khosi mizu itayamba kuvunda, muyenera kuchepetsa kuthirira, kuyamba kumasula ndikukhometsa nthaka.
Mwa zina mwazomwe zimayambitsa matendawa, akatswiri amasiyanitsa:
- kuthirira kwambiri - chifukwa chake, fusarium ndi mochedwa choipitsa;
- kusowa chinyezi - kumatsogolera ku mawonekedwe a kangaude;
- nsabwe za aphid - mbewu imayamba kuzimiririka.
Pofuna kuti masamba a gerbera asazirala, ayenera kumetedwa pakakhala dzuwa
Gerbera imatha kusiya kutulutsa dzuwa pakakhala dzuwa lokwanira, dothi limakhala ndi nayitrogeni wambiri. Ngati masamba ayamba kutembenukira chikasu ndi youma, mbewuyo ilibe chinyezi chokwanira.
Gerberas atha kukhala kunyadira kwenikweni kwa wosamalira mundawo ndikukongoletsa kwenikweni m'mundamo - chifukwa ndikokwanira kungodziwa momwe mungabzale mbande pamalo okhazikika, momwe mungayisamalire. Kuyesa konse ndi kuwononga nthawi kumakwaniritsidwa - ma gerbera adzakondwera ndi maluwa apamwamba komanso phokoso la mitundu.
