Mphesa ndi chikhalidwe chamuyaya ndi mizu yamphamvu komanso thunthu losinthika. Koma nthawi yomweyo ndi chomera chachikulu, chimawopa nyengo yozizira, yomwe imakonda matenda osiyanasiyana komanso tizilombo toyambitsa matenda.
Zomera zimatha kuvutika ndi mavuto obwera chifukwa cha ma virus, bowa, mabakiteriya komanso majeremusi. Zomwe zimayambitsa kufooka kwa mphesa zimaphatikizapo chisamaliro chosayenera, kuwonongeka kwakunja ndi nyengo zosayenera. Kutsika pang'onopang'ono kumawonjezera mwayi wokhala ndi matenda monga oidium, zowola, anthracnose, khansa. Komanso, tisaiwale za majeremusi. Tizilombo tovuta kwambiri pa mphesa ndi nthata, masamba, phylloxera, zikopa zabodza, mealybugs.
Mndandanda wa magawo osinthira mphesa ndi kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala
Kuteteza tchire la mpesa ku tizilombo toyambitsa matenda komanso matenda opatsirana, wosamalira mundawo amayenera kuwaza pafupipafupi pokonzekera.
Chiwembu chogwiritsa ntchito mphesa ku matenda ndi tizirombo afotokozedwa pansipa. Tebulo ili ndi kulongosola kwa gawo lililonse, kuwonetsa masiku abwino ndi osavomerezeka a nkhondo yolimbana ndi matenda ndi tizilombo to 2020.
| Nthawi | Masiku (kutengera dera) | Kukonzekera | Kodi chimagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi chiyani? | |
| Zabwino | Zosasangalatsa | |||
| Kutsegulidwa kwa mipesa, impso zikadali zodetsa. | Marichi 1, 2, 7, 9, 18, 19, 20, 25-27, 30. Epulo 3, 15, 16, 17, 20-27. Meyi 2, 3, 9, 12, 13. | Epulo 11, 19. Meyi 1, 16. | Kutheka kwa sulfate yachitsulo (1.5%). | Kuwonongeka kwa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tosiyanasiyana. |
| Kutupa ndi kuphuka kwa impso | Meyi 2, 3, 9, 12, 13, 18, 19, 24. | Meyi 1, 16. | Gwiritsani ntchito pazovuta: Polyram; Actellik kapena Bi58. | Kupewa matenda opatsirana omwe adawonetsedwa mu nyengo yapita. Chitetezo ku zikopa zabodza. |
| 4-5 masamba owona amawonekera | Meyi 2, 3, 9, 12, 13, 18, 19, 24. Juni 4, 6, 9,11,14. | Meyi 1, 16. | Topaz kapena Bi58 Makolasi Phindu Golide Cuprolux Fufanon Nova Iskra-M | Kusavomerezeka kwa nthata zam'mimba komanso tizilombo toyambitsa matenda omwe amakhumudwitsa mawonekedwe a kufatsa. Mabasi omwe adakhudzidwa ndi matenda amenewa amathandizidwa. |
| Kukula kwa mipesa | Juni 4, 6, 9,11,14,16, 19, 20, 22. | ayi | Tiovit Jet Topazi | Kuteteza mphukira kuchokera ku oidium. |
| Pamaso budding | Juni 4, 6, 9,11,14,16, 19, 20, 22. Julayi 3, 6, 8, 17, 19, 25. | Julayi 9. | Lemberani limodzi: Acrobat MC kapena Ridomil Golide MC; Madalo Strobi kapena Topaz. Ngati ndi kotheka, Abiga Peak, Spark Double Effect, Fufanon Nova. | Kupewa komanso kuchiza matenda a powdery mildew pa kutentha. Kuwonongeka kwa timapepala. |
| Pambuyo maluwa | Julayi 3, 6, 8.17, 19, 25. Ogasiti 15, 20, 21, 23, 24. | Julayi 9. Ogasiti 6. | Tiovit Jet Iskra-M Sulfa (colloidal kapena dimba) | Chomwe chimapangidwira ndikuwonetsetsa nthata za kangaude ndi zizindikiro za oidium. |
| Mapangidwe ndi kukula kwa masango | Julayi 3, 6, 8.17, 19, 25. Ogasiti 15, 20, 21, 23, 24. | Julayi 9. Ogasiti 6. | Actellik ofanana ndi Ridomil Golide, Topaz, Spark Double Effact. | Kupewa matenda opatsirana, kuchotsedwa kwa mealybugs, masamba a masamba ndi phylloxera. |
| Kucha | Ogasiti 15, 20, 21, 23, 24. Seputembara 13th. | Ogasiti 6. | Tiovit Jet Malangizo | Kuwononga nkhupakupa ndi mavu. Kukonzanso kumachitika pokhapokha nyengo yowuma. |
| Mukatha kukolola mphesa | Seputembara 13, 25, 27. Okutobala 3, 7, 13. | ayi. | Alirin-B Fitoverm Lelidocide Spark bio Bitoxibacillin | Kuteteza tchire ku matenda ndi tizilombo toononga. |
| Musanakhazikike tchire la dzinja. | Okutobala 3, 7, 13, 17, 24. Novembala 1, 10. | ayi. | Nitrafen kapena DNOC. Yotsirizirayi imagwiritsidwa ntchito 1 pakatha zaka 3. Kutheka kwa sulfate yachitsulo (1-1,5%) | Kusavomerezeka kwa onyamula matenda ndi majeremusi omwe anapulumuka kale. |
Zizindikiro zosokoneza zikawoneka, mbewuzo zimagwiranso ntchito zina .. Zimachotsa oidium pogwiritsa ntchito fungicides monga Tild-250, Tiovit Jet, Strobi, Topaz. Pakati pa mankhwala azitsamba, sulufule wamaluwa ndi dimba sadzilekanitsa.
Mphesa za OidiumKulimbana ndiouma wokhala ndi chinyezi chambiri ndikovuta kwambiri kuposa nyengo yadzuwa. Panthawiyo, ndibwino kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwalawa: Delan, Abiga Peak, Thanos, Oksikhom. 
Pofiyira mphesa
Kukula kwachichepere kumatha kukhudzidwa kwambiri chifukwa chobwerera. Mpesa zokha makamaka masiku ozizira ndizophimbidwa ndi agril. Kuti akonze, trellises ndi zovala zovala zimagwiritsidwa ntchito. M'mipata ikani zotengera zodzadza ndi madzi. Mphesa zomwe zimatha kutenthetsedwa kuti zitheke zimapakidwa ndi Cuprolux ndi phindu la phindu. Chifukwa chake amaletsa maonekedwe a zowola ndi zina zopanga pa masamba ndi masamba opindika.
Kukonzekera kulikonse kumayendetsedwa ndi malangizo ogwiritsira ntchito. Mukamasankha mankhwala opangira mankhwala, ndikofunikira kuganizira malingaliro awo.
Mwachitsanzo, phindu la Golidi limadziwika kuti ndiwothandiza kuumba. Mankhwalawa amagwiritsidwa ntchito pothana ndi tizirombo. 
Abiga Peak sadzatha kuteteza masamba atsopano omwe adawonekera atakonzedwa. Izi ndichifukwa cha kukhudzana kwake. Zopindulitsa zimatsika kwenikweni ndi mpweya. Wopangayo amalimbikitsa kupopera mankhwalawa mphesa mvula ikagwa. Ndipo muyenera kuchita izi mukakhala kouma.
Spray si njira yokhayo yoyenera. Alimi okhwima amawonjezera mndandandandandawu ndikovala munthawi yake, kuchotsa namsongole, kudulira mphukira zochulukirapo, kumasula ndi kukhwetsa nthaka.
Kukolola kuyenera kumalizidwa chisanu choyamba chisanalowe. Pankhaniyi, wosamalira mundawo aziganizira nyengo zanyengo.
Mbewuzo zikafukuka mosamala ndikuthira madzi kwa maola 8. Gawo lotsatira ndikuwayika pamalo okonzekera kuti asungidwe .. Kudula mipesa kumachitika patangotha masabata awiri masamba atagwa. Zowotchera zimatenthedwa, dothi lomwe limapezeka m'mipatamo limakumbidwa. Tchire la mpesa limadulidwa, kuthilira kwa nthawi yotsiriza ndikuphimbira nyengo yachisanu.
