Fusarium wilt ya nkhaka: zimayambitsa, Zizindikiro, chithandizo

Fusarium nkhaka ndi matenda opatsirana momwe mbewu imakhudzidwira kuchokera mkati. Matendawa amatenga minofu yathanzi, yomwe imakhudza kufa kwa mbande. Zotsatira zoyipa zingathe kupewedwa mwa kupewa nthawi yake.

Fusarium - ndi chiyani

Wothandizira wa matendawa ndi fungus wopanda ungwiro wa Fusarium. Tizilombo timene timapulumuka kwa zaka 4 titalowa pansi. Nthawi zambiri, nkhaka zimadwala kudzera muzu. Tizilomboti titha kulowa mu dothi limodzi ndi mbewu yomwe yakhudzidwa, mphepo, madzi. Pambuyo kulowetsedwa kwa sumu m'matumbo, kagayidwe kamasokonezeka, xylem imatsekeka. Izi zikuwonetsedwa ndi necrosis m'magawo osiyanasiyana a mbewu.

M'magawo oyamba, ndizovuta kudziwa fusarium. Palibe zizindikiro zodziwika panthawiyi.

Bowa amapita patsogolo ngati mbewuyo itafooka, chinyezi chimakhala chochepa 85%, ndipo kutentha kumasiyana kuchokera ku +18 ° C mpaka +27 ° C. Ziphuphu zimafunikira chisamaliro chapadera pa maluwa ndi zipatso.

Nthawi zambiri, masamba obzala mu wowonjezera kutentha amadwala fusarium matenda.

Zoyambitsa Fusarium

Kupatsira kachilombo, kamodzi muwewe, kumatha kuthandizidwa ndi zinthu zotsatirazi:

• kusintha kwadzidzidzi kwa kutentha;
• kusowa kwa chakudya m'dothi;
• chinyezi chachikulu;
• kuthirira kambiri;
• nthaka yosayenera (kuuma pakapangika, acidity yayikulu, kutsika kwamadzi);
• kuwonongeka kwa mizu;
• tizilombo toyambitsa matenda;
• nkhanza za feteleza wa nayitrogeni;
• Kusasamalira kasinthasintha wa mbeu ndi pulogalamu yofunsira feteleza;
• kusowa kwa kutentha (mukamakulima masamba wowonjezera kutentha).

Mukukula mbewu iliyonse, wosamalira mundawo azitsogozedwa ndi zofunikira za agrotechnical.

Mwachitsanzo, dothi lisanabzike nkhaka liyenera kutetezedwa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Kukana njirayi kumachulukitsa chiopsezo chotenga matenda a fusarium.

Zizindikiro za Fusarium pamatsamba

Matendawa amatha kumayenda mosakwiya komanso mwachangu.

Poyambirira, zizindikiro zoyambirira za fusarium zimapezeka pokhapokha pamazomera akuluakulu pakamasamba ndi zipatso. Inali nthawi imeneyi kuti nkhaka zinali zofooka kwambiri. Kuphatikiza pa masamba, zimayambira ndi mizu, inflorescence ndi zipatso zimakhudzidwa. Tsinde limayamba kuvunda patadutsa masiku 7-10 kuchokera kuoneka kwa chlorosis.

Kumera mwachangu kwa bowa kumaphatikizapo kufota mwachangu ndi kuyanika kwa mbewu zomwe zakhudzidwa, matendawa amafalikira kuchokera pansi mpaka pansi. Udzu umayamba kutota, ndipo muzuwo umayamba kupindika. Ndi chinyezi chowonjezereka, utoto wa pinki ukhoza kuwonekera.

Ngati matenda a mbewu adachitika nthawi yobzala, kumera kwa mbewu kumacheperachepera. Pankhaniyi, wolima m'munda sangayike kudikirira nkhaka. Mbewu zomwe zidamera zimafa ndikufa.

Zizindikiro zazikulu za matendawa ndi monga:

• kuchepera kwa muzu;
• khungu lakumunsi kwa tsinde;
• mapangidwe achikasu mawanga pamasamba;
• kupendekera ndi kusintha kwa masamba;
• kupotoza komanso kukula pang'onopang'ono kwa peduncle;
• kufa kwa thumba losunga mazira;
• kusowa kwathunthu kwa zipatso.

Nkhaka zomwe zapangidwa zimakhala ndi zowawa pambuyo pake. Pokhapokha popewa kupewa komanso kuchiza, mbewu imafa.

Njira zopewera

Pofuna kupewa matenda ndi fusarium, wolima ayenera:

• tizilombo toyambitsa matenda musanabzale pang'onopang'ono potentha.
  Njirayi imadziwika ndi luso lapamwamba, ngakhale zimatenga nthawi yambiri. Kutentha kumawonjezeka pang'onopang'ono: tsiku loyamba - osaposa + 35 ° C, lachiwiri - +55 ° C, tsiku lachitatu - +70 ° C. Kuti tisunge nthawi, mbewu zimatha kuthandizidwa ndi Insur Profi;
• Nthaka nthaka yokonzedwa. Njirayi siyovuta. Bedi limathiridwa madzi otentha ndikuphimbidwa ndi filimu kwa maola 24. Ndikofunikira kuchita magawo atatu. Mapeto omaliza, Trichodermin amayambitsidwa mu chivundikiro cha dothi. Zachilengedwe zimatha kusinthidwa ndi analogues;
• mutakolola nkhaka, yeretsani malo onse otsalira (nsonga, zinyalala, mizu), nthetsani dothi (magalamu 150 a bulichi akuyenera kugwera pa 1 m2). Njira ina yabwinoko ndi njirayi ndiyosinthanso kumtunda. Zoyeneranso ziyenera kukonzedwa.

Zomera zofooka sizikulimbikitsidwa kuti zizichotsa.

Kuti nkhaka zipange zipatso zabwino, zimafunikira kupanga nyengo zabwino kuti zikule. Kutentha kwa mpweya kumayenera kukhala kosiyanasiyana pakati pa + 20 ... +26 ° C, chinyezi chachibale sichitha kupitirira 85%. Ndikofunikanso:

• sankhani bwino mbewu;
• kubzala siderata, mwachitsanzo, mpiru woyera pafupi ndi nkhaka;
• kutsatira dongosolo la ntchito zaulimi;
• kuthirira mabedi ndi madzi ofunda okhazikika (makamaka m'mawa);
• utsi nthaka ndi zomera ndi biofungicides, zolimbikitsa kukula;
• manyowa nthawi zonse.

Nkhaka sizingabzalidwe pamalo amodzi kwa zaka zingapo mzere.

Chithandizo cha fusarium mu nkhaka

Ngati zonse zomwezo sizikanatheka kupewa matenda a Fusarium, chithandizo chiyenera kuyambika nthawi yomweyo. Mankhwala akangoyamba kumene, amayamba kugwira ntchito bwino.

Zachilengedwe zochizira fusarium

Zothandiza kwambiri zimaphatikizapo Trichofit, Trichodermin, Gliokladin, Bactofit, Fitosporin-M, Vitaros. Muli zinthu zomwe zingathe kuwononga tizilomboti ndikuletsa matenda. Njira yothetsera vutoli imakonzedwa potsatira malangizo ogwiritsa ntchito (amaikidwa pakanema).

Kukonzekera kwachilengedwe ndizotetezeka kwathunthu kwa zomera ndi anthu. Nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito pofuna kupewa. Ngati matendawo ayambitsidwa kwambiri, sangathe kusintha pathogen.

Tiyenera kudziwa kuti kuphatikiza mankhwala ndi majini othandizira sikulimbikitsidwa.

Mankhwala

Amasiyana ndi obadwa mwachilengedwe mwamphamvu kwambiri. Mwa alimi, mankhwala omwe ali ndi benzimidazole kapena zotumphukira zake ndizodziwika kwambiri.

Mndandanda wamankhwala ndiwowonjezereka, umaphatikizapo Fundazole, Arbotrin, Fundazim, Agrocyte ndi Benomil. Iliyonse ya mafunso amenewa imayendera limodzi ndi malangizo omwe akufotokozera mwatsatanetsatane wa njira yothetsera vutoli. Osachepera masiku 10 ayenera kudutsa pakati pa chithandizo.

Njira za anthu

Mutha kuthana ndi zizindikiro za Fusarium pogwiritsa ntchito njira zosagwirizana. Kugwiritsa ntchito, wosamalira mundawo azipewa kuwonongeka kwa mbewu, kupulumutsa ndalama ndi kuteteza nkhaka ku mankhwala. Tiyenera kudziwa kuti ndi othandiza kwambiri mu magawo oyamba a matenda oyamba ndi fungus. Kuti mukwaniritse zomwe mukufuna, muyenera kutsatira njira yosankhidwa.

Zosiyanasiyana Zankhaka Zosiyanasiyana

Mtundu uliwonse wa nkhaka uli ndi mawonekedwe ake. Wamaluwa ayenera kusankha mbewu, kuyang'ana nyengo, nthaka, kukana matenda opatsirana, makamaka, ku fusarium. Zabwino kwambiri m'gulu lomaliza zimawonedwa monga mitundu:

• Ryabinushka;
• Maulendo;
• Zhukovsky;
• Hector;
• Raphael
• Noble;
• Christina.

Ngakhale kuchuluka kwa chitetezo chokwanira cha mitundu yosiyanasiyana, kulima kwawo sikuyenera kuiwala za kupewa.

Fusarium kufuna chikonga ndi nthenda yobisika, zomwe zimayamba kuoneka mwadzidzidzi. Bwino wam'munda atakonzedwa, mbewu zochepa zimavutika. Mkhalidwe wawo mwachindunji umatengera kutsatira luso laulimi ndi chisamaliro choyenera.