Lupine: kutsika ndi chisamaliro

Lupine ndi chomera chochokera ku banja lankhondo. Ili ndi dzina lina lochokera ku Latin - wolf (Lupinus). Mitunduyi imaphatikizapo pafupifupi mitundu zana limodzi, yomwe yambiri imamera kumadera a Mediterranean-Africa ndi America. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito paulimi ndi mankhwala azikalekale.

Makhalidwe a Lupine

Muzu umapangidwa ngati ndodo, womwe umapita pakuya mita 1-2. Kapangidwe kake kamapangidwanso timachubu tating'onoting'ono tokhala ndi ma bacteria a nitrogen-fixing. Amapanga nitrogen kuchokera kumlengalenga ndikulemeretsa nthaka.

Zomwe zimayambira ndi udzu, zimakhalanso zolimba. Nthawi zambiri zimakhala zowongoka, koma zotchera kapena nthambi ndi zitsamba nthawi zina zimapezeka. Masamba ndiosakanikirana ndi kanjedza, pawiri komanso katatu. Amapezeka pamtundu wa petioles wautali, wosalala wa zidutswa za 5-6. Amakhala ofanana ndi nthambi za kanjedza.

Ma inflorescence ndi mabulashi pafupifupi 0.5-1 mita kukwera, ndi masamba ambiri omwe adapangidwa m'mizere yayitali ya 50-80 ma PC. Ma piligine amakhala olimba komanso amphamvu, osagwa mvula bwino ndipo samawuluka mozungulira mphepo yamkuntho.

Mtundu wofala kwambiri ndi wabuluu. Komabe, palinso zosankha zina: utoto umodzi (kirimu, wofiirira, wofiirira) ndi mtundu.

Nthawi yayitali maluwa ndi masiku 20.

Mbewuyo imakhala yosalala, yofanana ndi nyemba kapena nandolo. Mtundu ndi mawonekedwe zimatengera mtundu wa lupine wawo.

Mtengowo uli ndi poizoni: zomwe zimakhala ndi zowopsa mum nyemba ndizopamwamba kwambiri - 4%, m'mizu yochepera pafupifupi 1%. Komabe, mitundu yosavulaza yakhala ikugulidwira ulimi, imadyetsa ziweto kapena akalulu.

Duwa limayesedwa ngati chomera cha uchi ndipo limakopa njuchi zokhala ndi mungu wambiri, komabe, sizimatulutsa timadzi tokoma.

Mitundu ndi mitundu yama lupin

Mitundu imayimiriridwa ndi chaka chimodzi kapena ziwiri ndipo zaka zambiri zogwiritsidwa ntchito. Mpaka pano, zimphona zonse ziwiri zomwe zikukula mpaka 200 cm ndi oimira ang'onoang'ono omwe tsinde lawo silidutsa 20 cm adalipo.

Zodziwika kwambiri ndi:

Mitundu ya lupine imasiyanitsidwa ndi mithunzi ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana, mwachitsanzo: Abendglut, Rubinkenig. Ambiri adaleredwa ndi obereketsa Achingelezi ndipo adamupatsa dzina - Russell hybrids. Amadziwika kwambiri ndipo amabzalidwa m'minda m'minda ndi m'mapaki, mwachitsanzo: Burg Froilin, Castellan. Danga la maluwa ena limafika 2 cm.

Mitundu yodziwika bwino pachaka:

• Torch;
• Crystal;
• Zodalirika;
• Siderat 38.

Ma lupin a classical: buluu, buluu ndi zoyera, zimamera bwino ndipo sizowoneka bwino kuzisamalira kuposa mitundu yokhala ndi mitundu yowoneka bwino.

Chifukwa chakuti mbewuyo imagwirizana bwino ndi maluwa ena, ndizotheka kutulutsa malingaliro osiyanasiyana opanga mawonekedwe. Lupine ndi wabwino m'minda yopangidwa mwachikondi kapena Chingerezi. Imawoneka wokongola ngati malire kapena wobzalidwa m'makoma ndi mipanda. Monga maziko am'munsi peonies, chrysanthemums kapena asters. Zogwirizana ndi cosmea, delphinium kapena mabelu, ndi iris, geranium kapena poppy ndizoyeneranso.

Lupine kubzala masiku

Kusunga nthawi kumatengera njira yomwe mwasankha, ngati mukufuna kukonza mbande, ndibwino kuti muchite izi koyambirira - mu Marichi.

Mukabzala mbewu panthaka, osathamangira, ndikofunikira kuti chipale chofewa chisiye ndipo nthaka ichitenthe bwino.

Nthawi yoyenera ndi pakati pa kasupe - Epulo kapena Meyi.

Njira ina yochitira izi nthawi yozizira, nthawi zambiri amayesa kusankha kumapeto kwa Okutobala, ndikofunikira kuti usaiwale kuwonjezera peat panthaka.

Kukula lupine kuchokera ku mbewu

Njira yolimirayi ndioyenera madera ozizira komanso masika. Mbewu zofesedwa m'mabokosi okhala ndi dothi lotayirira lomwe limapangidwa ndi mbali ziwiri za sod land, peat ndi mchenga m'modzi. Kusakaniza kumapangidwa kuti kukhale bwino madzi. Zomera zobzala ziyenera kuzama ndi masentimita awiri kulowa pansi.

Kupanga mabakiteriya okhala ndi nayitrogeni, mbewu zimasakanizika ndi ufa kuchokera kumizu yophwanyidwa ya lupins zakale. Ndipo kuti muchepetse kumera, mutha kuphwanya umphumphu wa zipolopolo pang'ono kupukusa ndi sandpaper.

Nthawi zambiri munthu wamkulu lupine amadziyeretsa yekha. Nyemba zikacha, masamba ake amatseguka ndipo mbewu zowala zimawuluka.

Kuti mphukira zowonjezereka ziwoneke, chotengera chimayikidwa pamalo otentha ndikufundidwa ndi nsalu yonyowa. Mphukira zimawonekera patatha masiku 18-20, kutentha kwambiri kwa kumera ndi +20 ° C.

Zinthu zofunikira kubzala zimakhala ndi moyo wautali wazaka 5. Maluwa ambiri omwe adakula kuchokera ku mbewu zomwe adagulidwa mu nyengo yotsatira amapeza zofiirira kapena zamtambo wamtambo. Chifukwa chake, mitundu ina imafunikira kukonzanso.

Samalirani mbande za lupine ndikuzidzala m'nthaka

Patatha mwezi umodzi, pomwe masamba owona amawonekera, ndikofunikira kubzala mbande pansi. Ngati simukuchita pa nthawi yake, pamakhala chiopsezo chowononga mizu ndipo mbande sizitha kuzika mizu ndikuyamba kufota. Pa chifukwa chomwechi, kupatsirana kwa achikulire akuluakulu sikulimbikitsidwa.

Muyenera kuyika zikumera motalikirana ndi 30-50 masentimita kuti zikule m'lifupi ndipo zisasokonezane. Chiwembu chachikulu ndi chabwino.

Osalemekeza gawo lapansi. Dothi limakhala acidic pang'ono, koma chifukwa cha kusintha kwa nthaka, limatha kukula pafupifupi chilichonse, chifukwa pawokha kuwonjezera kuchuluka kwa pH. M'chaka chimodzi kapena ziwiri izi sizimalowerera ndale. Pamadothi achilengedwe, laimu iyenera kuwonjezedwa musanabzalire, malita 5 pa 1 m 1, izi zimachepetsa calcium. Peat ikhoza kuwonjezeredwa kumalo amchere wamchere, pa 1 m² ya 5 kg.

Kubzala Lupine poyera

Choyamba muyenera kukonza dothi, izi zimachitika bwino nthawi yakumaloko. Kumbani fosholo pa bayonet imodzi, malo omwe akukonzekera ndikuthira manyowa ndi superphosphate ndi phulusa.

Ndikotheka kufesa m'nthaka mu April kapena Meyi, omwe kale anali omasuka. Kuchokera pambewu 5 mpaka 7 zimayikidwa mu bowo limodzi, mtunda pakati pa mabowo ndi 6-7 cm. Mfuti zimawonekera patatha masiku 8-14. Tsambalo ndibwino kuti musankhe bwino-bwino, mbewuyo imakonda dzuwa. Mbande zitha kutulutsidwa, koma kutalika kwake sikuyenera kupitirira masentimita 15. Sipayenera kukhala masamba opitilira 2, apo ayi sangazike mizu m'malo atsopano. Mukasamutsa, ndikofunikira kuti miphika yopaka ndi mabowo kuti mpweya wabwino ulowemo.

Choipa chobzala mbewu ndikuti maluwa a chomera chokhazikika amatha kukhala ndi mthunzi wosiyana kwambiri. Nthawi zambiri imasanduka yofiirira, yocheperako ndiyera.

Nthawi yofesa ndi Juni, mmera udaphukanso nyengo yotsatira.

Kusamalira Ziphuphu

Kusamalira lupine wautali ndi kosavuta:

• Kuletsa ndi kumasula nthaka.
• Mu kasupe, kuthirira kumagwira, kenako pang'ono.
• Ngati mbali yoyambira idawululidwa, hill ingathandize.
• Kuonjezera nthawi yamaluwa, ndikofunikira kuchotsa mabulashi akutulutsa.
• Zomera zazitali nthawi zina zimachoka pamphepo yamphamvu, zimafunika kumangirizidwa.
• Bwino kubzala Lupine kwa zaka zisanu ndi zinayi, mutatha kugwiritsa ntchito zitsanzo zaunyamata.
• Feteleza ziyenera kuyikidwa chaka chamawa mutabzala. Chilichonse chovuta, cha nayitrogeni chaulere chomwe angachite. Pa 1 m² muyenera 20 gr.

Kuyang'anira kupezeka kwa tiziromboti ndizovomerezeka: ming'alu yamatumbo, nsabwe za m'masamba kapena mphutsi za mphukira. Kupewa komanso kuchiza tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ku matenda: muzu ndi imvi zowola, anthracnose, dzimbiri.

Kufalitsa kwamasamba a lupine

Ngati lupine ndiwokongoletsa, ndiye kuti mbewu ya mayi isungidwa, imagwiritsa ntchito njira yobala zipatso. Komabe, tangoyambira tating'ono tomwe timayenera kugawidwa;

Mukamalumikiza mu kasupe, ndibwino kugwiritsa ntchito r bast basal yomwe ili kumapeto kwa tsinde. Mitengo yoyamba ya mbewu yobiriwira imakhazikika pakugwa.

Zidula zimadulidwa mchilimwe maluwa atatha. Yokhala ndi dothi lamchenga, komanso kuwala kosasinthika kapena pang'ono pang'ono. Wowetsedwera ku maluwa patatha masiku 20, mizu ikapangidwa.

Mr. Chilimwe wokhala anati: lupine - siderat

Manyowa odabwitsa awa ndi manyowa obiriwira. Kafukufuku wochitidwa adawulula ukulu wake kuposa manyowa potengera phosphorous ndi potaziyamu. Zomera zimatha kudziunjikira m'nthaka mpaka 200 kg ya nayitrogeni. Mwangwiro kubwezeretsa dongo, loamy ndi mchenga mitundu yamadothi.

Pankhani yaulimi, mbewu za zipatso zimagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri. Amakhala odzikuza komanso osagonjetsedwa ndi chisanu. Zomera za pachaka zimakhala ndi kuphatikiza, kukula kwake ndikosavuta kuwongolera.

Miyezi iwiri mutabzala, nthawi yamasamba akuwonekera, ma lupini amatchetchera ndikulowetsedwa m'nthaka. Kuti achepetse kuwola, amathira ndi feteleza wa bakiteriya: Baikal, Bokashi. Nthawi zambiri njirayi imatenga masabata awiri, kenako mukadzalanso mbewu zina.

Pali njira inanso, imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati ikubweretsa pambuyo pake siyikukonzekera. Unyinji wobiriwira umasiyidwa pamtunda, nthawi ndi nthawi umathiriridwa ndi madzi komanso mankhwala osokoneza bongo omwe ali ndi ma tizilombo ofunikira (EM).

Yophukira nthawi zambiri imabzalidwa mu Seputembara-Okutobala, kusankha mitundu yosagwira chisanu. Ikhoza kubzala mu Ogasiti ndipo lupine imatha kukula kuti kuzizira, ndiye kuti imasungidwa ndikusiyidwa kuti ivunde mu chisanu. Pakatikati, feteleza ndi wokonzeka.

Nayi mbewu zomwe zimamera bwino m'dera la lupine:

• dzungu
• nkhaka
• Phwetekere
• rasipiberi;
• zukini;
• mbatata.

Monga siderat, ndibwino kuti musabzale pafupi ndi anyezi, pomwe sipangapangike bwino ndikuisunga. Chifukwa cha chiwopsezo chotenga matenda ofananawo, sikulimbikitsidwanso kupanga mabedi pafupi ndi nandolo ndi nyemba.

Lupine, yemwe amadziwika ndi anthu ambiri ngati udzu, amathanso kubweretsa zabwino. Chulukitsani dziko lapansi ndi zinthu zofunikira ngati feteleza, kukhala chakudya cha nyama ndi nsomba kapena kudzakhala chokongoletsera chowala cha kama. Ndipo kubzala ndi kudzikongoletsa malinga ndi malamulowo kudzakuthandizani kukhala ndi mbewu yathanzi komanso yolimba.