Pali matenda ambiri mu tomato. Kudziwa za izo kudzakhala kopindulitsa kwa onse omwe amamera tomato kuti apeze zokolola zokoma, zathanzi, ndi zopatsa. Masiku ano timayang'ana matenda ovuta kwambiri a tomato omwe mungakumane nawo.
Matenda a bakiteriya a tomato: zizindikiro, njira zothandizira
Zomwe zimayambitsa matenda a bakiteriya mu tomato ndi mabakiteriya osiyanasiyana, omwe amachititsa kufa kwa zomera, kuchepetsa zipatso zawo ndi khalidwe la phwetekere. Kugonjetsedwa kwa tomato ndi mabakiteriya ndi kochepa kwambiri kusiyana ndi mavairasi ndi bowa.
Bakiteriya mottling
Matendawa amabwera masamba, mobwerezabwereza zipatso ndi zimayambira, ndipo zimakhala zovuta pakati pa matenda ena a tomato. Poyamba, masamba amadzala ndi mafuta, ndipo nthawi imakhala yofiirira. Dera la mawangawa ndi pafupifupi 2-3 mm. Zotsatira zake, masamba akugwa ndikufa. Malo okondweretsa kuti chitukuko cha mabakiteriya chimathamangidwe ndi otsika kutentha ndi chinyezi. Matendawa angathe kusungidwa m'mbewu komanso mizu ya namsongole, akhoza kukhala m'nthaka kwa kanthaŵi kochepa. Matendawa ndi osowa kwambiri, ndipo amawonetsetsa kuti ndibwino kuchitira zomera ndi fungicides zamkuwa ndi Fitolavin-300. 
Khansa ya bakiteriya
Izi ndi matenda owopsa kwambiri omwe amabweretsa mbewu yonse. Masamba amawotha poyamba. Pa petioles amawoneka otentha a mabakiteriya - kukula kwa bulauni. Pa tsinde lakudulidwa, maziko achikasu opanda kanthu amapezeka bwino. Zipatso zimawononga zonse kunja ndi mkati. Mawanga oyera amapangidwa kunja kwa zipatso za phwetekere, mkati mwa bakiteriya mbewu zimakhudzidwa: zimakhala zosasinthika kapena sizidzakula. Matendawa amapitirira ku mbewu, m'nthaka ndi pa zitsamba zamasamba ngati tomato wakula ngati monoculture. Pofuna kuteteza tomato kuti musagonjetse matenda ngati khansara, mbeu imathiridwa mu TMTD patsiku lodzala, ndipo nthawi yokula, zomera zimapulitsidwa ndi fungicides. 
Ndikofunikira! Processing ndi zoterezi zikuchitika kokha kouma ndi nyengo yotentha, kotero kuti tchire la tomato ndi youma.
Bakiteriya wilt
Ngati tchire la tomato lanu likuyamba kufuna, ndiye ichi ndi chizindikiro choyamba cha mawonetseredwe a bakiteriya. Zizindikiro zowonongeka zimawoneka ngakhale usiku, zonse zimayenda mofulumira kwambiri, ndipo kusowa kwa chinyezi si funso muzochitika zoterezi. Mukayang'ana chomera chakufa mwatsatanetsatane, mutha kuzindikira kuti kukhalapo kwa madzi mkati mwa tsinde ndi zopanda pake, ndipo ziwalo zamkati za tsinde zimakhala bulauni. Matendawa ndi osatheka kuchiza. Mitengo yowonongeka iyenera kuonongeka, ndipo zomera zina zonse, popanda zizindikiro za matenda, zimalimbikitsidwa kumwa madzi ndi 0,6-1% yothetsera Fitolavin-300 (200 ml pa mtengo uliwonse) kuti achepetse matenda a tchire. 
Khansa ya mizu
Imodzi mwa matenda osowa kwambiri a tomato. Mizu yazomera imadzaza ndi zochepa zazing'ono, ndipo mabakiteriya ali mkati mwawo. Matendawa amadziwika ndi zomera (mwachitsanzo, mbande za mtola, kalanchoe). Kuyambira nthawi yomwe kachilomboka kanalowa mu thupi la mbewu, ndipo mpaka zizindikiro zoyamba ziwoneke, pafupifupi masiku khumi ndi awiri akupita. Malo akuluakulu obereketsera matendawa amakhudza zomera ndi nthaka. Popewera khansa ya mizu ya phwetekere, muyenera kuyipitsa mizu ya tomato mochepa, chifukwa causative wothandizira matendawa amatha kungothamanga mabala atsopano. Njira imodzi yogwiritsira ntchito khansa ya mizu ndiyo kuyamwa kwa nthaka, monga tizilombo toyambitsa matenda timafera poyambitsa. Kuthira mizu ya mbande ya tomato mu njira ya Fitosporin-M (2-3.2 g pa madzi okwanira 1 litre) idzagwiranso ntchito. 
Zipatso Zam'madzi Zowola
Zowola zowonongeka sizowononga kwa wowonjezera kutentha zipatso za tomato ndipo sizimapezeka kawirikawiri, koma zimayambitsa kuwonongeka kwa tomato potseguka pansi. Zipatso zingathe kutenga matendawa ngati pali zochepa zazing'ono. Zipatso zowononga zimachepetsa, zimatembenuka bulauni, ndipo patatha masiku ochepa zimangowonongeka, ndipo khungu limangokhalabe la chipatsocho. Mabakiteriya a matendawa amakula bwino pa kutentha kwambiri, madontho otentha ndi kutentha + 30ºС. Matendawa amafalikira ndi tizilombo kuchokera ku zomera zina. 
Ndikofunikira!Kukaniza kuvunda kwa madzi ndi mitundu ndi hybrids ya tomato, zomwe zimapanga kukula kwa geni.
Njira yayikulu yothetsera zovunda zowonongeka m'munda ndiyo kuwonongeka kwa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda.
Necrosis ya mtengo wapakati
Matenda a bakiteriya, aakulu kwambiri. Oyamba kuvutika ndi necrosis ndizo zimayambira za zomera zomwe zakula bwino panthawi yopanga maburashi oyambirira ndi zipatso. Zimayambira ndi mabala a bulawuni, akuwombera patapita kanthawi, masamba amafota, ndipo zomera zimamwalira, pamene zipatso sizikhala ndi nthawi yoti zipse. Chinthu chachikulu chomwe chimayambitsa matendawa ndi mbewu, komanso nthaka ndi kachilombo ka HIV. Kutentha kwakukulu kwa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ndi kutentha kwa 26-28ºС, ndipo pa 41ºС mabakiteriya amafa. Miphika yotchedwa necrosis iyenera kutayidwa (kutenthedwa bwino), ndipo dothi liyenera kuperekedwa ndi 0.2% yankho la Fitolavin-300. 
Black bacterial spotting
Matendawa angathe kuwononga mbeu 50%, ndipo zipatso zotsalazo zimataya zowonetsera ndi katundu wawo. Zomera zomwe zimadwala ndi mabakiteriya oterewa zikuwoneka kuti zikusalephereka ndi kufooka. Mawanga amachokera ku ziwalo zonse za tomato, kupatula mizu. Mawanga amadetsedwa ndi nthawi, ndipo matendawa amakula kwambiri. Kutentha kotentha si koopsa kwa mabakiteriya awa, koma amafa pa 56ºє. Matendawa amafalitsidwa ndi mbewu zomwe zimatulutsa kachilomboka. Ndikofunika kukakola njere, chifukwa mabakiteriya pa nyemba amatha kukhala moyo kwa zaka chimodzi ndi theka. Mbeu zouma Fitolavin-300. Zimalimbikitsanso kuti zomera zithetsedwe (masabata atatu kapena anayi atamera, ndifupipafupi masiku 10-14) ndi 1% Bordeaux osakaniza ndi cartocide. 
Zosangalatsa Ku France, m'zaka za zana la 14, tomato ankatchedwa "maapulo achikondi", ku Germany, "maapulo a paradaiso", ndi ku England iwo ankawoneka ngati oopsa.
Katemera wa tizilombo matenda: zizindikiro ndi kulamulira
Matenda a tizilombo tamatenda amayamba chifukwa cha tizilombo toyambitsa matenda (tizilombo toyambitsa matenda) ndipo ndi owopsa kwa zomera zokha komanso zokolola zam'tsogolo.
Aspermia (opanda mbewu)
Maonekedwe, aspermia amatha kudziwika ndi kukwera kwakukulu kwa chomera, ndi ziwalo zobereka zopanda chitukuko ndi tsinde lofooka. Maluwa a tomato amakula palimodzi, masamba amakhala ochepa ndi kusintha mtundu. Aspermia imafalitsidwa ndi tizirombo kapena zomera. Zimakhudza mbewu zowonongeka, zinyama ndi zina. Pofuna kuteteza aspermia kuti isafalikire, m'pofunika kuchotsa zomera ndikuwonetsa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. 
Bronze
Vuto la bronze limakhala lovulaza kwambiri chaka chilichonse, mbeu yonse ikhoza kufa. Zomera mu zobiriwira za mafilimu ndi kutchire ndizovuta kwambiri. Bronze imatsimikiziridwa pa tomato ndi mizere ya mphete pa zipatso zazing'ono, zomwe pang'onopang'ono zimatembenuza bulauni. M'tsogolo, mawanga omwewo amawonekera pa masamba a tomato. Komanso nthawi zina amafa pamwamba. Matendawa amafalikira ndi matchulidwe kapena mawotchi. Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda sichikuchiritsidwa, koma imatulutsidwa pa kutentha kwa 45ºС. Njira zovuta zogwirira ntchito ndi bronze - kuwonongedwa kwa thrips ndi kuchotsa namsongole. 
Yellow Curly
Zonyamulira za matendawa - whiteflies. Zomera zomwe zimakhudzidwa ndi matendawa kumayambiriro kwa nyengo yokula zimakhala zochepa, ma chlorotic, opunduka ndi masamba ang'onoang'ono, ndipo zomera zimakhala zosiyana. Pa zomera zovuta kwambiri nthawi zambiri sizimangiriridwa zipatso. Ponena za njira zothandizira, ndi bwino kubzala mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya tomato, kuwononga namsongole, kukonza zomera ndi mineral mafuta pofuna kuchepetsa kufalikira kwa matendawa. 
Pamwamba pamwamba
Vutoli ndi loopsa komanso limapatsirana kudzera mu mbewu, nsabwe za m'masamba ndi makina. Zizindikiro zake zoyambirira zimayamba kuonekera ngakhale m'nyengo yozizira. Choyamba, madontho oyera amawoneka pamasamba, kenako amayamba kukhala ndi mtundu wofiirira komanso amachititsa kuti necrosis. Mapepala a mapepala amatsekedwa ndi kutulutsidwa. Masamba apansi a zomera pambuyo pake amatha kupotola ku tsinde pachimake. Mitengo yokhala ndi timing'onoting'ono yomwe imakhudzidwa ndi kachilomboka imadulidwa, mitsempha ya masamba imayamba kutembenukira buluu, ndipo tsamba lokha limakhala lolimba. Vutoli limamwalira pa kutentha kwa 75ºС. Mankhwala ndi zachilengedwenso kuteteza motsutsana ndi chitsamba cham'mwamba panobe. Only anachita agromechanical processing. Zimalimbikitsidwa kuti zikhalenso za mbande zodwala m'mayambiriro oyambirira, ndi zomera za matenda - nthawi ya kukula. 
Mosaic
Musa ndi imodzi mwa mavairasi, osasangalatsa, matenda omwe amakhudza kwambiri tomato wamkulu pamtunda. Pafupifupi 10-14% ya mbewu imamwalira kuchokera ku zojambulajambula. LMizu ya tomato omwe amadwala amakhala ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zithunzi, ndi malo obiriwira omwe ali obiriwira komanso owala. Pa zipatso, chikasu chimatha nthawi zina kukula. Chitsime choyamba cha matendawa ndi mbewu zowonongeka. Choncho, ngati njira yotetezera, ndi bwino kudyetsa nyemba musanadzalemo, koma ngati tomato akadwala matendawa, ndiye kuti muwachotsere. 
Mafilimu a leaf
Wothandizira matendawa amachititsa kusintha kwa zomera ndi kuyanika kwa nsongazo. Mbewu, yomwe ili ndi kachilombo ka HIV, imafa pafupifupi kwathunthu. Masamba a matenda ndi filiform ndi ferns. Matendawa amafalikira m'madera osungira mbeu, omwe ndi ochuluka kwambiri, komanso ndi chithandizo cha nsabwe za m'masamba. Ponena za njira zotetezera, iwo ali makamaka agrotechnical. 
Mukudziwa? 93% ya minda ya kumidzi ku America ndi tomato. Awa ndi masamba omwe amapezeka kwambiri kumeneko.
Matenda a fungal a tomato: zizindikiro, njira zothandizira
Matenda a fungal a tomato - omwe amapezeka kwambiri. Chofunika kwambiri ndi chakuti akhoza kuthandizira kwenikweni mbali iliyonse ya tomato ndipo pafupifupi samachiza.
Alternaria
Alternaria ndi matenda a fungal omwe amakhudza zimayambira, masamba ndi nthawi zochepa zipatso za tomato. Poyambirira, matendawa ndi othandizira masamba apansi, omwe ali ndi mabala akuluakulu a bulauni ndi malo ozungulira. Mawangawa amakula pang'onopang'ono, ndipo masamba a tomato amauma. Zimayambira ndi mdima wandiweyani wamtundu waukulu womwe uli ndi mawanga ambiri, omwe amachititsa kuti zowola kapena kufa kwa tsinde. Zipatso, nthawi zambiri pafupi ndi tsinde, zimapangika pang'ono kumdima, ndipo ngati pali zowonjezera zowonjezereka m'madera awa, zimakhala zosaoneka bwino. 
Matendawa amakhudzidwa ndi kutentha kwambiri (25-30 ° C). Pofuna kupewa, panthawi yoyamba ya matendawa pa tomato, m'pofunika kuwagwiritsira ndi antchito omwe ali ndi mkuwa. (Skor, Ridomil Gold, ndi ena); Ngati matendawa aonekera, zipatso zikadapachika kale, ndizofunikira kuti zithetse ndi biopreparations.
Anthracnose
Anthracnosis mu tomato ndi mitundu iwiri - zipatso ndi tsamba. Kuwonongeka kwake kudzatsimikiziridwa ndi zikhalidwe za kukula. Matendawa amafalitsidwa mu filimu yotchedwa greenhouses, ndipo osachepera. Matenda a anthracnose masamba omwe nthawi zambiri amadwala. Poyamba, masamba apamwamba amafota, tsinde lakuya limawululidwa, mizu yayambira, ndipo chomeracho chimangowamba mosavuta. Malo okhudzidwawo a chomera amadzazidwa ndi ang'onoang'ono wakuda sclerotia.
Ponena za nthenda yamtundu wa zipatso, zipatso zimakhala ndi mdima wandiweyani, ndipo, chifukwa chake, pangakhale kuphwanyidwa kwa zipatso. Pofuna kupewa nthendayi, ndikulimbikitseni kuti mubweretse mbewuyi ndi Agat-25, ndipo pa nyengo yokula zomera ziyenera kupangidwa ndi Quadris ndi Strobe; Mankhwala osokoneza bongo amathandizanso kwambiri.
White malo (septoriosis)
Pafupifupi theka la mbeu akhoza kufa kuchokera ku septoria. Nthaŵi zambiri, masamba akale amakhudzidwa, ali pansi. Maonekedwe osiyana osiyana nawo, amawoneka ofiira, opunduka ndi owuma. Koposa zonse, malo oyera amayamba kutentha kuchokera ku 15ºє mpaka 27ºє ndi kutentha kwa mpweya kuchokera ku 77%. Bowa amawasungira zowonongeka. Kulimbana ndi septoria kungatheke pochotsa zatsalira zamasamba, kupopera mbewu zowononga kachilomboka ndi fungicides, kusungunula kusinthasintha kwa mbeu ndikukhala pakati pa tomato ndi mbewu zina zowonongeka. 
Vuto loyera
Kawirikawiri zovunda zoyera pa tomato zimachitika panthawi yosungirako. Zipatso zili ndi mvula yowonongeka. Pafupipafupi, matendawa amapezeka m'malo omwe tomato awonongeka. Kwenikweni, zovunda zoyera zimakula bwino m'magazi a fetal. Nthaka ndi kompositi ndizo zimayambitsa matenda. Ndicho chifukwa cha kupeŵa kutentha kwawo. Chinthu chachikulu chomwe chimayambitsa matenda ndi sclerotium m'nthaka, ndipo pofuna kuteteza tomato ku zovunda zoyera, m'pofunika kuti tizilitse mavitamini pambuyo pa mbeu yapitayi. 
Brown spotting (cladosporiosis)
Mowirikiza, mitundu ya tomato ndi hybrids, zomwe zimagonjetsedwa ndi cladosporia, zikukula, ndipo kuwonongeka kwacheku kwacheperachepera. Pamunsi mwa masamba a zomera osasunthika ku matendawa, mawanga a lalanje amaoneka, akuda ndi nthawi. Patapita nthawi, patina yamdima imapanga mawangawa. Brown spotting akhoza kusungidwa mu greenhouses kwa zaka khumi. Mavuto osadetsedwa chifukwa cha kutentha ndi chinyezi. Njira yabwino yolimbana ndi malo ofiira - kugwiritsa ntchito mitundu yosiyana ya tomato (mwachitsanzo, Yvon, Kunero, Raisa ndi ena). Ndipo pamene matendawa amapezeka, zomera zimayambidwa ndi Abiga-Pik, Poliram ndi HOM. 
Verticillosis
Masiku ano verticillosis sichikuvulaza kwambiri. Zizindikiro zoyambirira za matendawa zimawoneka pa masamba akale - maonekedwe a chlorosis ndi necrosis pa iwo. Komanso, mizu imaletsedwa pang'onopang'ono. Popeza kuti matendawa ndi awiri, kachilomboka kameneka ndikutentha kwambiri kuposa 25ºС, ndipo enawo ndi apamwamba. Matenda a verticillus akhoza kusungidwa mu zatsalira zamasamba ndi nthaka. Njira zazikuluzikulu zothandizira matendawa: kuchotsa zotsalira zazomera ndi kukula zosakaniza mitundu ya tomato ndi hybrids, chifukwa palibe fungicides pofuna kuthana ndi zovuta. 
Mizu yovunda
Zowola zowonongeka zimakhala zotheka kuthengo pa malo odzala a tomato omwe asungunuka, komanso m'malo obiriwira, kumera tomato pa gawo lapansi. Zosowa ndizochepa. Zizindikiro za zowola mizu - kukuda pafupi ndi mizu ya mizu ndi mizu (mwendo wakuda). Pambuyo pake, chomeracho chimatha. Zomwe zingatheke kuti matendawa afalikire - nthaka yopanda chomera komanso kuthirira. Izi zimatsimikizira kuti gwero la matenda ndi nthaka ndi gawo lapansi, nthawizina bowa limakhala pa mbewu. Njira yabwino yothetsera zowola mizu ikuphera tizilombo, nthaka, mbande ndi kuvala mbewu. 
Ndikofunikira! Njira yothandiza - kumasula nthaka ndikuwaza padziko lapansi ndi mbande za mchenga waukulu wa mtsinje.
Mame a Mealy
Powdery mildew amavutitsa kwambiri magalasi opangira magalasi, koma posakhalitsa kufalikira kwachepera. Koma ngati tomato anu ali ndi kachilomboka, zokolola zimatha kukhala zazikulu. Powdery mildew tomato yatsimikiziridwa motere: zofiira zoyera zimapangidwa pa tsamba lamasamba, petioles ndi zimayambira sizimasinthidwa. Mavuto abwino - otsika kutentha ndi chinyezi, osakwanirira kuthirira. Pofuna kuthawa bowa, zomera zimatulutsidwa ndi njira yothetsera fungicides. (Strobe, Kvadris, Topaz ndi ena). Sodium HUMATE 0.01 ndi 0.1% amapha bowa kwathunthu. 
Grey kuvunda
Matenda owopsa kwambiri a tomato, omwe amapha theka la mbewu, ndi zina zambiri. The bowa pang'onopang'ono limagonjetsa tsinde lonse, minofu ya necrosis imakula. Chomeracho chimakhala choyera, choyera. Kutentha kwa mpweya kumakhudzanso ziwalo zobereka. Matendawa amafalitsidwa ku tomato komanso ku mbewu zina (mwachitsanzo, nkhaka). Koma mitundu ya tomato kapena hybrids yomwe ikulimbana ndi matendawa, sinabadwenso. Необходимо вовремя применять агротехнические меры, регуляторы роста и химические методы защиты (Байлетон, Эупарен Мульти). 
Рак стеблей
Matendawa amasiyana kwambiri ndi tomato, zimadalira malo omwe akukula. Muzitsulo zamagalasi, khansara ya zimayambira sizimafalikira, ndipo mu greenhouses filimu - mbewu yonse imamwalira. Kumalo otseguka ascochito ndi osowa kwambiri. Ascohitosis imakhudza zimayambira, ndipo nthawi zina zimasiya masamba. Brown amadandaula mawanga amakhala pa zimayambira, ndipo chingamu chimachokera kwa iwo. Maluwawo sagwedezeka, zipatso zimatha kuphimbidwa ndi mawanga omwewo. Matendawa amatha kupitirizabe kubzala ndi mbewu. Zosamveka bwino kwa chitukuko cha askohitosis - mvula ndi kuzizira nyengo, otsika kutentha. Njira zowononga matenda zimaphatikizapo kusokoneza nthaka, kuwonjezera Trichodermina kwa izo, kupopera mbewu zomera ndi olamulira akuluakulu (Immunocytophyte, Agat-25), ndi mankhwala a mawanga ndi padera wapadera kuchokera ku choko ndi Rovral. 
Fusarium wilt (Fusarium)
Fusarium imayambitsa tomato. Choyamba, chlorosis ya masamba apansi amapezeka, ndiyeno ena onse. Phwetekere amawombera, petioles ndi tsamba mbale deform. Zomwe sizili bwino kwa zomera zimangokhala zothandiza kuti chitukuko chikhale chonchi. Mitedza ya phwetekere ikhoza kuteteza matendawa ku mbewu, dothi, ndi zotsalira zokolola. Pofuna kupewa chitukuko cha fusarium, zotsalira za tomato zimabzalidwa. (Rhapsody, Raisa, Sore, Monica, ndi ena), musanabzala, zomera zimathiridwa madzi ndi mabakiteriya-2 (mtengo umodzi - 100 ml yokonzekera). Mankhwala a Benzimidazole amagwiritsidwanso ntchito. 
Kuwonongeka kochedwa
Matendawa ali ndi ngozi yochepa. Poyamba, khosi lawo limakhala lopunduka ndipo limakhala lakuda, choncho, chomera chimayamba kuvunda. Kenaka nthendayi imakwera pamsana, ndipo imadzala ndi maluwa ofiira a mycelium. Mawanga amdima angapangidwe pa zipatso za tomato, ndi zipatso zodwala zimangogwa. Pofuna kupewa, tetezerani nthaka ndikuchotsani kachilombo ka mbeu. Komanso pokonzekera kubzala tomato ntchito Pseudobacterin-2, ndipo mutabzala - 0.01% yothetsera sodium humate. 
Zosangalatsa 94.5% ya kulemera kwa phwetekere ndi madzi.
Matenda osapatsirana a tomato: zizindikiro ndi kulamulira
Kwa matenda omwe sali opatsirana a tomato angayambitse nyengo yovuta komanso kuphwanya kukula kwake.
Vertex zipatso zowola
Matendawa akhoza kuchitika chifukwa cha zamoyo zamakono komanso zamagetsi. Zipatso zobiriwira zimakhala ndi mawanga oyera kapena azungu. Nthawi zina necrosis imakhudza gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu a chipatso cha phwetekere, ndipo mawangawo amatembenuka wakuda. Nthawi zambiri zowonongeka zimakhala zofanana ndi zipatso zazikulu za tomato, ndipo maonekedwe ake amatha chifukwa cha kusowa kwa calcium ions, chifukwa cha kukula kwa nthaka yankho, pamene pH ili osachepera 6, pa kutentha kwakukulu, ndi zina zotero. 
Pofuna kuteteza mawonekedwe a vertex, onetsetsani kuti mumwa madzi zomera nthawi kuti nthaka isadutse kapena kuvunda, gwiritsani ntchito feteleza a foliar ndi kukonzekera, musanadzale ntchito feteleza yomwe ili ndi calcium. Mukhozanso kubzala mitundu yosagonjetsedwa ndi hybrids.
Chipatso Chosabala
Matenda omwe mulibe mbewu mu chipatso. Izi n'zotheka pamene chipatso chimagwedezeka, kapena chifukwa cha zina (kutentha kwa madzi, kusowa kwa mungu, kusowa kwa zakudya, makamaka potaziyamu, ndi zina). Kuti cholinga cha prophylaxis, m'pofunika kupanga zinthu zabwino zokhala ndi maluwa oundana (chinyezi, kutentha, zakudya, kuunikira) kuti zithetse mbewu zokwanira. 
Stolbur
Ichi ndi matenda a phytoplasmic a tomato. Ndizofunikira kwa zomera zowonekera, ndipo m'malo obiriwira paliponse palibe. Vuto lalikulu ndi kusowa kwa mbeu mu zomera zowonongeka. Zizindikiro zazikulu za stolbur zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi makungwa a mizu ya bulauni, zipatso zowonongeka, zowonongeka masamba, zomera zimasintha. Stolbur imakhala nyengo yotentha komanso yozizira. Othandiza kwambiri a matendawa ndi cicadas. Pafupifupi njira yokha yolimbana ndi stolbur lero ndi kuwononga tsikadok, onyamula matendawa.
Kulima tomato palibe chovuta kupirira, muyenera kungopewera matenda ndi kuchiza zomera nthawi.
Mukudziwa? Masiku ano pali mitundu 10,000 ya tomato. Nthambi yaikulu kwambiri imakhala yolemera makilogalamu 1.5, ndipo yaying'ono imakhala ndi masentimita awiri m'mimba mwake.
