M'maphikidwe ambiri ophika anapeza anyezi.
Mwachilengedwe, pali mitundu yambiri ya zamoyo, zina mwa izo zimadya.
Kuchokera m'nkhaniyi, muphunziranso kuti uta wa slug ndi chiani, komanso kuti ndi chithandizo chotani chomwe chikufunika.
Mukudziwa? Anyezi otchedwa slizun amaposa anyezi ena onse m'zinthu zowonongeka.
Kodi anyezi otchedwa slizun ndi chiyani?
Slyzun uta ndi osatha therere, ndi za mtundu wa anyezi, anyezi a banja. Ndimangodya masamba atsopano okha. Anyezi akhoza kukumana kum'mwera chakum'maŵa kwa Central Asia ndi CIS, ku steppes ndi pamapiri otsetsereka.
Anyezi slizun amalolera chisanu bwino ndipo amakonda chinyezi kwambiri. Amafalikira ndi mbewu kapena mababu, ndipo amatha kukhala wamkulu pa chiwembu chimodzi kwa zaka zoposa zisanu.
The slizuna ili ndi masamba akuluakulu, otalika komanso otsetsereka omwe ali ndi kulawa pang'ono ndipo ali otupa kwambiri. Komanso imachokera ku madzi ake. Masamba onse amasonkhanitsidwa mu rosette ngati mawonekedwe, ndipo m'lifupi la pepala lifika kufika 2 cm.
Mababuwo amamangiriridwa ku phesi la anyezi ndi kufika pamasentimita awiri. Amapereka mizu yamphamvu kwambiri ndikukula mofulumira kwambiri. Nthendayi, yomwe imatha kudyidwanso, ili ndi zakudya zambiri.
Pambuyo pofika chaka chachiwiri, anyezi amayamba kuphulika ndi maambulera mofanana ndi mpira ndi maluwa okongola a pinki.
Mtsuko wa maluwa ndi wolimba komanso wamphamvu kufika mpaka masentimita 70 mu msinkhu. Mphukira ya anyezi yowonongeka imatseguka asanatsegule ambulera imatchedwa chidutswa cha drooping.
Mitundu yotchuka kwambiri ya anyezi ya slizuna
Mndandandanda wa mitundu yambiri ya anyezi-Lizuna imaphatikizapo Green, Dwarf, Charm ndi Mtsogoleri.
- Chobiriwira Mitunduyi imakhala yosalala, yaikulu, yobiriwira masamba obiriwira ndi kununkhira kwa adyo komanso kukoma pang'ono. Rhizome wamphamvu, ndi mababu akulu ndi tsinde lapamwamba. Kwa wina kudula mukhoza kupeza 6 kg / sq. M. Wakula m'malo amodzi kwa zaka 6, ndipo wakula ndi mbewu. Zosiyanasiyana zosagwirizana ndi peronosporoza ndi dzimbiri.
- Amamera Izi zowonjezera zowonjezera zamasamba zimayambitsidwanso mwatsopano. Ndikatikatikati, ndipo nyengo ya kukula kwa tsamba ndi masiku 40. Masamba ake ndi obiriwira ndi sera. Amakula mpaka masentimita 25 m'litali ndi 1.5 masentimita m'lifupi. Kukoma ndi chimodzimodzi ndi mtundu wa zobiriwira. Lili ndi 8.7% shuga, 4% ascorbic asidi pa 100 g zowonjezera. Kwa wina kudula mumapeza 1.5 makilogalamu / sq. m) Zosiyanazi zimalolera nyengo yozizira.
- Mtsogoleri Anyezi-slizun a m'kalasi Mtsogoleri pakatikati nyengo. Nthawi ya kukula kwa masamba kukwanira - masiku 40. Masambawa ndi otalika, okongola, obiriwira obiriwira ndi zokuta. Kukoma kumatenthetsa pang'ono ndi fungo la adyo. Kwa umodzi kudula, mukhoza kutenga 2 kg / sq. m
- Chisomo. Mitundu yosiyanasiyana iyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito mwatsopano. Nthawi yakucha ndi masiku 40. Masamba amakula mpaka 2 cm m'lifupi ndi 30 cm m'litali. Zimakhala zobiriwira komanso zobiriwira. Kukoma ndi kofatsa. Lili ndi shuga (5%), ascorbic acid (65 mg) pa 100 g ya mankhwala opanda pake. Kwa wina kudula pali mwayi kupeza 2 kg / sq. m
Kusankha malo odzala anyezi a slizuna pa chiwembu
Ndi bwino kudzala anyezi slizun mu May kapena July. Mudzapeza zokolola zabwino mukadzala slizun pa dothi lachonde loamy ndi peaty. Iwo amafunika kuti azikhala ochepa thupi, ndipo asanabzala kuti apange humus kapena manyowa ovunda. M'chaka timalangiza kuwonjezera 1 tbsp. l feteleza kwa adyo ndi urea. Koma popeza anyezi akulimbana ndi kuzizira ndi chisanu, mukhoza kupeza malo ake, ndikuyang'ana pa izi.
Otsatira a anyezi a slizuna
Kuti mukhale wabwino bwino komanso zokolola zambiri, tikukulangizani kuti mukhale ndi anyezi otchedwa slizun pansi pambuyo kabichi ndi tomato. Zingathenso kubwera kudziko la nkhaka, radishes kapena mbatata.
Kukonzekera mabedi okwera sitima
Kukonzekera dothi kumaperekedwa musanafese anyezi osakaniza mbeu kapena anyezi. Nthaka iyenera kukumba mosamala. Kukumba kwakukulu kumachitika pofuna kubweretsa zinthu zakuthupi pansi. Iwo adzalimbikitsa bwino kukula kwa anyezi.
Sikoyenera kuthira manyowa ndi mineral, koma ngati dothi lanu siliri lachonde, ndi bwino kuligwiritsa ntchito. Musanafese nthaka, muyenera kuyimitsa ndi kuimika. Izi zidzathandiza mbeu ndi mababu kuti zisayende. Mabedi sasowa kuti apangidwe, chifukwa mukhoza kupeza zokolola zambiri pa mizere yopapatiza.
Ndondomeko yobzala komanso kukula kwa mbeu yobzala
Sayansi yamakono ya kukula kwa anyezi a slizuna kuchokera ku mbewu imayamba ndi kufesa. Imachitika pakati pa May. Ngati nthaka isakhale yotentha, ndi bwino kuyika mbeu mumjira yokonzedwa bwino mpaka 1 masentimita. Kukonzekera ndi mzere umodzi ndi mzere wa masentimita 70 cm. Kuzama kwa kukwera kwa mbewu - 1,5 cm.
Mukamabzala mbeu, nthaka iyenera kuwerengedwera, ndipo pamene zomera zimakula, ziyenera kudulidwa, kusiya mbeu imodzi iliyonse masentimita 15. Mtunda pakati pa mizere iyenera kukhala masentimita 40, pakati pa tchire 15 cm.
Mukudziwa? Pamene ankatsutsa Aiguputo, adalumbirira kuti adzalankhula zoona zokhazokha, ndikuyika manja awo pamutu.
Kusamalira ndi teknoloji yaulimi kulima anyezi-slizuna
Poyang'ana ndondomekoyi, sikuli kovuta kusamalira slizun. Chinthu chachikulu - kuthirira mobwerezabwereza ndi umuna wa nthaka.
Kusamba madzi nthawi zonse
Ngati mukufuna kupeza masamba obiriwira komanso ofewa, muyenera kuthirira anyezi nthawi zonse. Idzalekerera chilala bwino, kusunga chinyezi mu gawo la pansi. Komabe, kuthirira kudzakulitsa vuto lake ndikuwonjezera zokolola.
Kutsegula ndi kupalira pakati pa mizere
M'chaka choyamba cha moyo, nthawi zambiri mumasula nthaka ndikuchotsa namsongole. Iwo amaletsa kukula kwa mphukira zazing'ono. M'chaka chachiwiri cha moyo m'chaka, muyenera kumasula ploskorezom ndipo pamene kukumba kuwonjezera humus ndi phulusa mu kanjira.
Kudyetsa anyezi
Slyzun amakonda organic fertilizer. Ndikofunika kubweretsa zokongoletsa kumapeto kwa nyengo ndi nyengo yozizira, pambuyo pake chomeracho chiyenera kupangidwa ndi zojambulazo.
Mwachitsanzo, m'chilimwe, mavitamini awiri a feteleza adzakhala abwino ndi feteleza ovuta. Maonekedwe a feteleza - 1 tbsp. l 10 malita a madzi. Kapena mungathe kupeza njira zotsatirazi mothandizidwa ndi humus: yankho la mullein 1: 8, zitosi za mbalame 1:20, kulowetsedwa kwa zitsamba 1: 5.
Kukolola
Mukamakula sigawuna yosatha m'chaka choyamba cha moyo, simungapezeko zokolola zabwino, chifukwa masamba ake sangagwiritsidwe ntchito chifukwa cha zakudya zochepa zomwe zimadya. M'chaka chachitatu cha moyo, adzakhala amisiri wambiri, wathanzi komanso okoma. Mu nyengo yonse yotentha, mukhoza kudula anyezi kasanu ndi kawiri.
Kudula kotsiriza kuyenera kuchitika mu August. Izi zidzalola kuti chomera chibwererenso chisanu chisanafike. Masamba a anyezi ndi bwino kudula m'nyengo youma. Iwo amaikidwa mu matumba apulasitiki, ndiyeno nkuphwanyika. Anyezi akhoza kusungidwa mu firiji masiku 20. Ngati mwasonkhanitsa anyezi pamodzi ndi anyezi, ndiye kuti ndibwino kuti muzisungire m'zipinda zapansi m'bokosi.
Mukudziwa? Anyezi amathandiza kuchepetsa kulemera ndi thanzi labwino.
Kodi gwiritsani ntchito anyezi a slizuna
Slizun ali ndi zambiri zothandiza katundu.
Lili ndi mchere wochuluka, mavitamini ndi mchere. Masamba ali ndi shuga, carotene, mavitamini PP, B1, B2, potaziyamu, nickel, chitsulo, manganese, komanso acorbic asidi.
Babu ili ndi zinthu zapulasitiki, mafuta ofunikira, mavitamini E, C ndi gulu B, komanso flavonoids.
Anyezi oterewa amapha tizilombo toyambitsa matenda m'thupi, zimalimbitsa chitetezo cha mthupi. Lili ndi shuga kwambiri ndi polysaccharides kuposa maapulo kapena mapeyala.
Anyezi otchedwa slizun amagwiritsidwa ntchito pochizira matenda a m'mimba monga zilonda zam'mimba ndi zilonda zakumimba. Zoona zake n'zakuti anyezi ali ndi zinthu zambiri zamkati.
Masamba a anyezi amakhala ndi chilakolako cha zakudya komanso amathandiza kuti zakudya zizikhala bwino.
Njira zina zowonjezeretsa anyezi a slizuna
Anyezi akhoza kukula osati mbewu zokha zomwe zimabzalidwa pamtunda, komanso kudzera mu mbande, komanso mothandizidwa ndi mababu.
Kukula mbande
Anyezi akhoza kukula mwakuya mbande. Ngati mumakhala m'madera omwe chilimwe chili chochepa, ndiye kuti mbande ndizobwino. Njira iyi idzafulumizitsa chitukuko cha anyezi, ndipo masamba akhoza kudula nthawi yambiri.
Kufesa mbewu zomwe zimatulutsidwa pakati pa February. Kuti muchite izi muyenera kukonzekera pansi. Dziko lapansi likusakaniza liyenera kukhala ndi zigawo zotsatirazi - nthaka ndi humus mofanana. Mukhoza kuwonjezera manyowa osakaniza ndi vermiculite.
Musanafese, muyenera kutentha nthaka mu microwave (3-5 mphindi). Pangani izo bwino mu masabata angapo. N'zotheka kukhazikitsa pansi ndi njira yothetsera potassium permanganate. Pambuyo pake, mphika ndi nthaka iyenera kujambulidwa ndi filimu ndipo imakhala pamalo otentha musanafese.
Ndikofunikira! Mukamagula mbewu, yang'anani tsiku lomaliza.Musanafese, muyenera kuyika mbeu mu thumba la gauze ndikupatseni maminitsi 45 muyeso ya potaziyamu permanganate (1 g potaziyamu permanganate pa madzi okwanira 1 litre). Mbewu ikayikidwa kwa maola 18 mu yankho la "Epin" kuti imere bwino. Kenaka amauma kuti apulumuke.
Inu mukhoza kupita mwanjira ina. Masiku 14 asanafese mbewu ayenera kuikidwa pachitetezo chapakati. Asanafese, ayenera kupewedwera ndi matendawa, osambitsidwa ndi ouma.
Pamene mukukula mbande ya anyezi, gwiritsani ntchito mabokosi kapena makaseti okhala ndi maselo. Kusakaniza dziko lapansi kumatsanulidwira mwa iwo ndikufesedwa mu selo iliyonse ya zidutswa 4. Mu bokosi muyenera kuyika mbeu pamtunda wa masentimita imodzi ndikusakaniza ndi dothi (makulidwe 7 cm). Malo ayenera kupanikizidwa ndikupopedwa ndi njira ya Energen (madontho 15 pa 250 ml ya madzi).
Bokosilo liyenera kuti likhale lopangidwa ndi zojambulazo ndikuyika pamalo otentha. Pa kutentha kwa 20 ° C mphukira yoyamba idzawonekera masiku asanu.
Kubzala masamba
Njira ina yosakaniza anyezi imatengedwa ngati zomera. Chitani izo mu August kapena kumayambiriro kwa September. Panthawi imeneyi, zomera zimakhala zolimba ndipo zidzakonzeka chisanu.
Ndikofunikira kukumba tchire la anyezi-slizuna ndikugawa iwo kukhala magawo osiyanasiyana kuti atenge 4-5 anyezi pa zigawo za mizu yopingasa.
Ndikofunikira! Chipinda choyenera kugawa ndi osachepera zaka zitatu.Pambuyo pagawa anyezi omwe anabzala m'madera osiyanasiyana ndikukula mofanana. Mtunda pakati pa mizere - 50 cm, ndi pakati pa zomera - masentimita 25.
Kukulitsa anyezi a slizuna m'nyengo yozizira
N'zotheka kukula anyezi slizun kuchokera mbewu kapena mababu ndi m'nyengo yozizira. Pangani bwino mu wowonjezera kutentha, chaka chonse kuti muzisangalala ndi kukoma kwake kokoma ndi masamba a zomera.
Anyezi amabzala mu October. Tikukulimbikitsani kuti mugwiritse ntchito mabokosi apulasitiki kuti muwapange pamwamba. Patapita milungu iwiri mabokosi ayenera kusunthira ku wowonjezera kutentha.
Poonjezera zokolola, mababu ayenera kuthira madzi otentha kwa maola 12, kenako zouma ndi kudula khosi. Kenaka amadzazidwa ndi kusunga kwa masiku 4. Mlengalenga kutentha mu wowonjezera kutentha ayenera kukhala 20 ° C. Imwani mbande amafunika nthawi imodzi mu masiku khumi. Pambuyo masiku 20, mphukira yoyamba idzawonekera.
Inu mukudziwa ndiwe? Mamba omwe ali pa tsinde lalifupi, lotchedwa Donets.Slyzun uta ndi yabwino kukula, ndipo kumusamalira ndi kophweka. Ngati mukufuna kuti mutenge chaka chonse, gwiritsani ntchito malangizo omwe mukukula ndikukondwera.
