Peyala imakhala ndi mitengo 2 yokha ya zipatso zonse m'minda yamkati mwa Russia. Zimayambitsidwa ndi nyengo yozizira yozizira komanso kufunika kwa kutentha kuposa mitengo ya apulo.
Ndipo ambiri amaona kuti peyala ndi katundu wovuta m'mimba ndipo amakana kudzala okhaokha. Komabe, chipatso ichi ali ndi katundu wothandiza ndipo mvetserani kwa izo.
Chinthu chachikulu ndicho kusankha kalasi yoyenera. Mwachitsanzo, zosiyanasiyana Vernaya bwino kukula mu nyengo zinthu za Moscow dera komanso chachikulu ku Russia chapakati.
Ndi mtundu wanji?
Akulozera mitundu ya autumn mapeyala ndipo zidzakhala zabwino kumva m'midzi. Pogwiritsa ntchito - November-December. Tsatirani zimenezo yosungidwa bwino mufiriji. Zokonzedwa kuti zigwiritsidwe ntchito yaiwisi ndi yabwino pokonza.
Pogwiritsa ntchito mapeyala a autumn amakhalanso ndi: Bere Bosk, Thumbelina, Forest Beauty, Fairy Tale ndi Svarog.
Mbiri yobereketsa ndi dera loswana
Ichi ndi chigwirizano chogwirizana cha antchito awiri a All-Russian Breeding-Technological Institute of Horticulture and Nursery Yu.A. Petrov ndi N.V.Efimov. Zinachitika mu 1958, mu 1998 kuyesa kwa mitundu yosiyanasiyana kunayambika, ndipo zosiyanasiyana zidaphatikizidwa mu zolembera za boma mu 2001. Anagwiritsa ntchito peyala ndi dzina lokongola Josephine Mechelnskaya ndi mzere wosakanikirana wa No. 3 (sizikumveka ngati zosakondana kwambiri!) Monga chinsinsi.
Tsatanetsatane mitundu mapeyala Zoona
Mtengo ndi wa pakati. Korona ili ndi kuchuluka kwa maonekedwe osasinthika.
Nthambi zazing'ono zimakula pafupifupi 90˚ ndi makonzedwe ake.
Dontho lakuda pa nthambi zazikulu ndi thunthu bulauni. M'nthawi ya chilimwe, pafupifupi mphukira za bulauni-bulauni zimafika kutalika.
Chiwerengero chachikulu cha mapangidwe apadera-mapangidwe apamwamba amapangidwa pa iwo mu gawo la cork. Mapangidwe apakati osakaniza masamba ali ndi mawonekedwe ozungulira.
Masamba okhala ndi mdima wobiriwira amawoneka ndi dzira ndipo amawoneka osasunthika popanda tsitsi, koma ndi malo ovuta. Kuwoneka ndi kudula kochepa kwa kukula kwa sing'anga popanda kukhumudwa. Maluwa oyera omwe ali ndi mazira ozungulira, ngakhale kuti ndi aang'ono, ndi onunkhira kwambiri.
Zipatso zimapangidwa pa kolchatka (mtundu wa mitengo ya zipatso), zosavuta komanso zovuta, zimatulutsa (zochepa zipatso za nthambi), ndi nthungo (nthambi za chipatso mpaka 15 cm) ndi matumba (zipatso zowonjezera). Maonekedwe a chipatso, monga momwe ayenera kukhalira, ndi mapeyala ofanana ndi pang'ono. Kulemera kwa peyala kumafikira 150g. Khungu la chipatso ndi louma, losalala ndi lowala.
Pa mwanayo muli zigawo zing'onozing'ono za mtundu wofiira. Mtundu wa chipatsocho ndi wobiriwira, ndipo ukadzala msanga chikwangwani chokasu ndiwonjezeredwa. The peduncle ndi ya gulu lakuda ndi oblique. Mphuno yaing'ono kwambiri ili pafupi kulikonse, kukhala ndi mawonekedwe osasangalatsa. Pogwiritsa ntchito saucer yaing'ono, yofiira ndi yosalala, peyala ili ndi theka lotseguka.
Zinyumba za mbewu zinatseka kukula kwapakati. Mofanana kukula mtima wa elliptical mawonekedwe. Zizindikiro za kutalika ndi m'lifupi la pansi chubu komanso sing'anga-kakulidwe zophimbidwa mawonekedwe. Mbeu yamitundu yosiyanasiyana imakhala ndi mtundu wakuda.
Zosakaniza-zotsekemera zamkati za sing'anga zowonjezera mthunzi wa mthunzi ndizo chipatso ndi chabwino-grained texture. Peyala yowutsa mudyo ndi zonunkhira, ngakhale kuti pali malingaliro onunkhira wovuta wa zosiyanasiyana.
Kuwoneka kumawoneka pa mfundo 4.2, ndi kulawa - 4.5. Koma ena amayamikira kukoma kokha.
Zomwe zimapangidwa shuga - 10.1%, zidulo - 0.15%.
Mitundu yotsatira ya peyala ili ndi kukoma kwakukulu: Kupava, Krasulya, Lada, Dekabrinka ndi Rossoshanskaya Dessert.
Chithunzi
Mu chithunzi chomwe chili pansipa mukhoza kudziwa zambiri za peyala "Vernaya":
Zizindikiro
Zima zolimba (akulimbana ndi kuzizira mpaka -2˚), skoroplodny, samoplodny ndi apamwamba-ololera.
Pali mfundo zomwe zimachokera ku mtengo umodzi zimatha kusonkhanitsa makilogalamu makumi anai a mapeyala. Avereji zokolola ndi mpaka matani 30 pa hekitala ya munda.
Kudera la Moscow kuphuka mu theka lachiwiri la September ndi theka la mwezi wa October. Kukulitsa kwa mwanayo kumachitika kwambiri mwamphamvu mu September.
Zing'onozing'ono mutabzala ayambe kubala chipatso m'chaka chachitatu kapena chachinayi.
Ndipo ngati maganizo amagawanika pankhani ya kukoma, ndiye kuti jekeseni wamatenda amamuyamikira kwambiri.
Chogwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri popanga compotes, jams, jams, marmalades, zipatso zokhala ndi vinyo.
Mitengo yozizira kwambiri imaphatikizaponso: Bere Russkaya, Lel, Muscovite, Perun ndi Svarog.
Kubzala ndi kusamalira
Sichimapangitsa kuti pakhale dothi lapadera, koma zimakhala bwino pakamwa pa nthaka. Kuthamanga kwa mnofu peyala iyi imalekerera bwino.
Zosakaniza zimakhala ndi chidwi choyenera:
- kuthirira;
- kukonza;
- kumasulidwa kwa nthaka mu gudumu;
- kuwononga tizilombo;
- rejuvenation wa korona.
Malo oti atsikire ayenera kusankhidwa osasankhidwa. Msola wa mizu suli m'manda. Ngakhale kuti izi ndi zowonjezera zowonjezera, zingakhale zabwino kuonjezera zokolola, kotero kuti pali mitengo ya peyala pa sitetiyi.
Mu dzenje la kubzala mbande ziyenera kuikidwa feteleza kuti musankhe:
- humus;
- 80 g wa ammonium nitrate;
- 1 makilogalamu a superphosphate;
- 800 g phulusa;
- 150 g wa sulfuric acid potaziyamu.
Kuthirira kumalimbikitsidwa 4-5 pa mwezi. Chidebe chimodzi cha madzi ndikwanira mtengo waukulu mum'mawa komanso madzulo. Komabe, kuthirira kumayenera kusinthidwa, kuyang'ana nyengo. Pa nthawi yobzala maluwa ndipo pa nthawi ya fruiting, kutsirira ayenera kuperekedwa chapadera.
Mitengo ya mitengo yambiri m'nyengo yozizira ikhoza kutsekedwa ndi zinthu zoteteza (nylon panty hoses ziri zoyenera).
Amadula peyala kuposa mtengo wa apulo. Chochitikachi chiyenera kuchitika pachaka kumapeto kwa masamba. Anabzala mchenga wachitsulo womwe unadulidwa kwachitatu.
Matenda ndi tizirombo
Zosiyanasiyana zimalingaliridwa kusakanika kolimba. Mitengo ya mitengo yaying'ono imayenera kutetezedwa ku makoswe.
Zomwe zingatetezedwe mitengo ya peyala ziyenera kuchitika kuyambira kumayambiriro kwa masika mpaka kumapeto kwa autumn:
- zamoyo;
- chithandizo;
- mankhwala;
- zojambulajambula.
Yoyamba ikugwira ntchito ntchito feteleza ntchitoMwachitsanzo, manyowa. Komanso amamenyana ndi matenda pogwiritsira ntchito mankhwala odzola.
Mwachitsanzo, kuchiza chomera chomwe chili ndi matenda. powdery mildewKugwiritsa ntchito tincture zowola udzu.
Agronomic miyeso imalimbikitsa kukula kwa zomera. Iyi ndiyo malo abwino odzala, kukonza kwa nthawi ndi koyenera kwa nthambi zosafunikira ndi matenda, kukonzekera kubzala zinthu panthawiyo.
Kupewa tizilombo ndi matenda kumayambira pa kupopera mbewu mankhwala ndi mankhwala oyenerera. Ntchito zamagetsi izi zingatheke pokhapokha pofuna cholinga cha kupewa komanso kusintha kwa mtengo.
Kukaniza matenda osiyanasiyana ndi Hera, Dekabrinka, Carmen, Larinska ndi Rogneda.
Pansi pa zochitika zamagetsi zimatanthawuza kukonzanso zinthu zakubzala ndi nthaka ndi chithandizo cha kutentha. Kutentha nthambi zokhudzana ndi zipatso zam'mimba.
Mitundu yabwino ya mapeyala, monga maapulo, salipo. Aliyense ali ndi ubwino wake.
Zomalizira za mtundu wa Verna zilipo zopindulitsa pafupi: skoroplodnost, winter hardiness ndi kuthekera kudya mu December komanso ngakhale kenako ndi yosungirako bwino.
Izi ndizimene zimakhudza kusankha mitunduyi kuti mutenge pawebusaiti, chifukwa palibe mitundu yambiri yomwe ili ndi makhalidwe amenewa.
