Strawberry Chikondwerero - mtundu wapamwamba wapabanja womwe umafunika chisamaliro chapadera

Kwa zaka zopitilira theka, Chikondwerero cha Strawberry chakhala chosangalala ndi zokolola zake zamaluwa m'magawo onse aku Russia. Mabulosi amakula bwino ndipo amabala zipatso kumpoto chakumadzulo, Caucasus, ku Central Black Earth Region komanso ku Siberia wovuta. Zosiyanasiyana zimatha kutengera matenda ndi tizilombo toononga, koma zolakwika zimazirala pamayendedwe azipatso za zipatso zabwino ndi zokongola za pachaka.

Zoyambira ndi mafotokozedwe osiyanasiyana

Mu 1926, 30 km kuchokera ku Leningrad, malo oyesera a Pavlovsk VIR adapangidwa. Kampaniyi imagwira ntchito lero, ikusamalira kuswana, kubereka, kupeza mbewu zapamwamba zamasamba, zokongoletsera, chakudya, zipatso, mabulosi. Mu 1954, pawailesiyi, chifukwa chodutsa mitundu iwiri ya sitiroberi wamtchire, Obilnaya ndi Premier, mbande zamadyerero zidapezeka. Olembawo ndi Woyankha wa Sayansi Yoyeserera Yu. K. Katinskaya. Mitundu yatsopano idalowa mayeso aboma mu 1958, ndipo mu 1965 idaphatikizidwa mu State Register of Selection Achievements, monga momwe idalimbikitsidwira kuti ikalimidwe m'magawo asanu ndi anayi a Russia:

Kumpoto;
Kumpoto chakumadzulo;
Pakatikati;
Central Black Earth;
North Caucasian;
Middle Volga;
Pansi Volga;
West Siberian;
East Siberian.

Chikondwerero ndi mitundu ina yambiri amatchedwa molakwika ngati sitiroberi. Koma malinga ndi mawonekedwe ake a zachilengedwe, chikhalidwe ndi sitiroberi yayikulu-zipatso. Muli mphamvu ya sitiroberi wamtchire kuti Phwandolo lidalembedwa mu State Record.

Kanema: momwe chikondwerero cha sitiroberi chimayimba

Makhalidwe amitundu mitundu ya sitiroberi festivalnaya

Mitundu yakucha yakucha. Zipatso zoyambirira zimayimbidwa kuyambira June mpaka Julayi, kutengera dera. Kuphukira ndikutalika, zokolola zimasonkhanitsidwa magawo angapo. Tchire ndi lalitali, lamphamvu, koma laling'ono. Kuyambira pansi pa masamba nthawi zonse zimawoneka bwino mabulashi a zipatso. Peduncles, masharubu, petioles masamba - wandiweyani, yowutsa mudyo. Masamba ndiwobiriwira wakuda, ndi ma cloves omwe amafotokozedwa momveka bwino m'mbali. Zipatso ndi zofiira, glossy, nthawi zambiri zopanda mawonekedwe: conical, ozungulira, trapezoidal, udindo. Yoyamba, yayikulu kwambiri mpaka 35 g, kenako imayamba yaying'ono. Chifukwa chake, kuchuluka kwa mwana wosabadwayo ndi 10 g. Achenes samakanikizidwa pakhungu, amapezeka mwapadera. Guwa ndi wandiweyani, wofiira, wowutsa mudyo. Akatswiri onunkhira amati ndi abwino.

Zipatso za chikondwerero nthawi zambiri zimakhala zosasunthika, khungu lawo limakhala lonyezimira, ma achenes samakanikizidwa

Kubzala kwa Strawberry

Nthawi yobzala zimatengera kupezeka kwa zinthu zobzala m'dera lanu. Mwachitsanzo, nazale zaku Western Siberia, mameyala a sitiroberi amagulitsidwa kumayambiriro kwa kasupe ndipo mu Julayi - Ogasiti. Ngati muli ndi gawo lanu labwino, lingalirani mbali imodzi ya Chikondwererochi - masharubu ake amawonekera pamaso pa zipatso. Mukapanda kuzichotsa, mudzataya mbewuzo. Chifukwa chake, muyenera kubzala mitengo yanuanu mutakolola, makamaka kumapeto kwa chilimwe, nyengo yamvula ikayamba.

Mbande yokhala ndi mizu yotsekedwa ndikosavuta kuzika mizu

Nthawi zambiri amalimbikitsidwa kuti azigawa malo okhala ndi dzuwa zipatso zonse za zipatso ndi mabulosi, koma festivalnaya, monga sitiroberi zambiri, imamera bwino pamtundu, mwachitsanzo, pansi pa korona wobiriwira wa mitengo ya apulo ndi peyala. Osabzala sitiroberi mutatha mbatata, phwetekere, rasipiberi. Pewani oyandikana nawo. Izi mbewu zimakhudzidwa ndi matenda omwewo komanso tizirombo monga sitiroberi. Konzani pansi musanabzine malinga ndi malamulo okhazikitsidwa. Finyani zidebe ziwiri za humus kapena kompositi ndi makapu awiri a phulusa chimodzimodzi pa 1 m². Ngati palibe chilichonse chachilengedwe, gulani feteleza wachilengedwe wazomera zamtchire: Fertika, Gumi-Omi, Agros, Ogorodnik, tsamba loyera, ndi zina zambiri.

Vidiyo: Kubzala sitiroberi

Chiwembu chodzala ndi 50x50 masentimita, koma 60x60 masentimita ndiyothekanso, ndiye kuti tchire labwinobwino silitseka ndi masamba, koma liziwulutsa kuchokera mbali zonse.

Kubzala sitiroberi kumatha kufesedwa ndi adyo kapena anyezi. Zoyandikana nazo zimalandirira kuthirira komanso kuvala pamwamba komanso sitiroberi. Zotsatira zake, kuchokera kumunda umodzi ndikuyeserera ndi mtengo womwewo mudzapeza zowonjezera - kukolola bwino kwa anyezi kapena adyo. Pamabedi a sitiroberi mutha kumera mbewu zosanunkhira zomwe zimawopsya tizirombo: katsabola, nthangala zonyamula, mankhwala a chamomile, calendula, marigolds odabwitsa, etc.

Kuti muchotse namsongole, kuti nthaka ikhale yonyowa, kupewa nthenda zowola imvi, mabedi amaphimbidwa ndi zofunda zofunda musanabzala, kuwaza m'mphepete ndikupanga mabowo a mbande. Njira ina ndikuyika mulch, yomwe ikhale gawo pakati pa zipatso ndi nthaka. Hay kapena udzu ndiabwino.

Strawberry Care

Zambiri zamitundu yosiyanasiyana: chitsamba cholimba, zipatso zambiri, masharubu ambiri. Phwando limalekerera bwino nyengo yachisanu. Pakatha zaka zitatu kulima malo amodzi, zokolola zimachepa. Muyenera kuganizira izi mukamakhala ndi chisamaliro.

Mitundu ya Festivalnaya ndiyopindulitsa kwambiri, mapesi a maluwa pansi pa kulemera kwa zipatso atagona pansi, chifukwa chake ndibwino kukula ichi sitiroberi m'mabedi ophimbidwa ndi zinthu zopanda nsalu

Kuthirira

Strawberry amakonda madzi, kuphatikizapo masamba, ndipo nthaka pansi pake nthawi zonse iyenera kukhala yonyowa. Mizu ya mabulosi awa ali kumtunda kwamtunda masentimita 30, kuthirira ndikofunikira mpaka nthaka ikanyowa mpaka pansi. Pamaso pa zipatso ndi kututa (mu Meyi, Julayi ndi kumayambiriro kwa Ogasiti), kuwaza, pa nthawi ya kukula ndi kucha ndi zipatso m'dzinja, madzi pansi pazu. Strawberry amafunika madzi nthawi yonse:

mu kasupe - kukula kwa masamba atsopano;
m'chilimwe - kuti muzimitsa zipatso;
mukakolola ndi kugwa - kubwezeretsa mphamvu ndikusindikiza maluwa mu chaka chamawa.

Strawberry amafunika kuthiriridwa madzi nthawi zonse, osapumira nthawi yayitali, kuletsa kuti ngakhale nthaka yapamwamba isayime. Chifukwa chosowa chinyezi kwa masiku 7- 7, zokolola za chaka chamawa komanso chamawa zimachepetsedwa kwambiri. Pa mbewuyi, kuthirira madontho kumawerengedwa kuti ndi koyenera.

Kanema: Kuyendetsa madzi othirira kwa sitiroberi zamtchire

Mavalidwe apamwamba

Ndikosatheka kuti majeremusi agwiritsidwe ntchito mopitirira muyeso, apo ayi, masamba akuluakulu ndi zipatso zidzaphukira, zokongola tizirombo ndi bowa. Tchire loterolo limatha kuzizira nyengo yachisanu, silimabzala masamba okwanira. Ndikokwanira kudyetsa chikondwererochi maulendo 4 pa nyengo, ndipo osati masiku 10-14 onse, monga akunenera pamapulasitiki ndi feteleza:

Kumayambiriro kasupe, nthaka ikayamba thaws, kutsanulira yankho la urea (50 g pa 10 malita) kapena ammonia (2 tbsp. Per 10 malita).
Nthawi yamaluwa, idyani ndi feteleza wovuta ndi ma micelements, mwachitsanzo, OMU Fertika wa sitiroberi ndi sitiroberi (15-30 g pa 10 l) kapena kupopera kulowetsedwa kwa nettle ndi maudzu ena (1: 5 ndi madzi).
Mukatha kukolola, bwerezaninso kavalidwe kam'mbuyomu, ndiye kuti, feteleza wovuta kapena kulowetsedwa kwa zitsamba.
Mu nthawi yophukira, abalalirani pansi pa tchire ndikusakaniza ndi nthaka 40 g ya superphosphate ndi 20-40 g wa potaziyamu sulfate pa 1 m² kapena kuwotcha mbatata zokhala ndi michere yambiri, makamaka phosphorous, kumasula kapu ya phulusa mu ndowa ndikuthira.

Chaka chimodzi kapena ziwiri mutabzala, pomwe m'munsi tchire limayamba kukwera pamwamba pa nthaka, mizu imawululidwa, kuwonjezera humus kapena kompositi pansi pa sitiroberi.

Kudulira masamba ndi masharubu

Munthawi yonseyi, chotsani chikasu, chokhazikika, masamba owuma komanso athanzi, koma achikulire, otsika omwe amakhala pansi ndipo amatha kupatsirana ndi bowa kuchokera pamenepo.

Ngakhale utakula pamwamba pa chophimba, masamba apansi a sitiroberi nthawi zambiri amasanduka achikaso ndi owuma

Pali malingaliro pakukolola kuti muchepetse masamba onse kuti masamba ndi tizirombo tosambira masamba akale asadutse masamba achichepere, omwe amakula pambuyo pakupanga zipatso. Koma zoterezi zimafooketsa tchire, masamba achichepere awonongeka, photosynthesis imalephera. Kuthetsa ndi kuwotcha masamba onse ndichofunika pazochitika ziwiri zokha:

Pali mitundu yambiri ya sitiroberi, ndizosatheka kuyang'ana pansi pa chitsamba chilichonse ndikudula masamba akale.
Pafupifupi masamba onse amatenga matenda ndi tizirombo.

Ndi masharubu, zomwezi. Muyenera kuyang'ananso pafupipafupi, monga momwe zimawonekera. Posachedwa kuchotsa, madzi ambiri apita kukacha kwa zipatso ndikuyika masamba a chaka chamawa. Koma ngati cholinga chanu ndi kufalitsa sitiroberi, ndiye kuti sankhani mitengo yabwino kwambiri ndikuchotsa maluwa. Kenako chomera chimapatsa masharubu ambiri ndikupanga ma rosette olimba pa iwo.

Kanema: Momwe mungasiyanitsire chitsamba chachikazi ndi chachimuna

Matenda ndi Tizilombo

Festivalnaya ali ndi kukana kwapakati pa matenda.

Gome: matenda, tizirombo ndi njira zoyendetsera

Matenda, tizilombo	Kufotokozera	Njira zomenyera nkhondo
Mawonekedwe oyera	Masamba amaphimbidwa ndi mawanga oyera ozungulira okhala ndi malire ofiira kapena ofiira.	Matenda a fungus amadziunjikira paminda yakale. Njira zoyesera kuthana nazo ndizofanana. Yang'anani kuzungulira kwa mbeu, musamalire msuzi wa zipatso pambuyo poyambitsiratu zosayenera. Kukumba mabedi a sitiroberi zaka 4 zilizonse. Bzalani mbande zathanzi m'malo atsopano. Kumayambiriro kwa kasupe, dulani masamba onse owuma ndi achikasu, malinga ndi omwe atsalira amoyo, sansani ndi yankho: HOM (30-40 g pa 10 l yamadzi), Skor (2 ml pa 10 l), Ridomil (10 g pa 4 l) kapena fungosis wina. Bwerezani kupopera mankhwalawa patatha masiku 10 zokolola. Osachotsa zipatso zabwino m'mundamo, komanso zowola, zonyansa, zouma, zochulukirapo komanso zowonongeka.
Maonekedwe a bulauni	Mawonekedwe akuda, opanda mawonekedwe amawonekera pamasamba pakati pamitsempha. Amakula, kuphatikiza, masamba amawuma.
Mochedwa	Tchire limakula bwino, masamba obiriwira atukula pang'ono, masamba amatembenukira chikasu, zipatso zazing'ono zimamangidwa, zokutira ndi mawanga owuma. Mukakumba chitsamba chotere, ndiye kuti mutha kuwona mizu ya utoto wofiira, podulidwa nawonso utoto wa njerwa.
Gray zowola	Zipatsozo zimakutidwa ndi imvi yofiyira, kenako kuvunda. Matendawa amakula nthawi yonyowa ndipo amatha kuwononga zoposa theka la mbewu.
Strawberry mite	Tizilombo zoyipa komanso zoyipitsa, zomwe zimakhala zovuta kwambiri kuzichotsa. Tizilombo tating'onoting'ono tating'ono (0.2 mm) timakhala pazovuta kwambiri za zipatso zamtchire zobisika mkati mwa chitsamba: m'mitima, masamba, masamba, masamba. M'nyengo yotentha, mibadwo 4-5 ikupanga. Nkhupakupa zimayamwa timadziti, mmera sukula, umaoneka woponderezedwa. Zipatso ndizocheperako, masamba ali opunduka, otuwa komanso owuma.	Chapakatikati, nthaka ikauma, chotsani zonse zouma masamba, namsongole, mulch wakale ndi zinyalala zina zonse. Thirani sitiroberi ndi madzi otentha - 55-60 ⁰C. Kuyambira koyambirira kwa nyengo yokulira mpaka maluwa ndipo mutakolola ndi masabata awiri, utsi 70% yankho la sulufule ya colloidal. Mutha kugwiritsa ntchito acaricide: Actelik (2 ml pa 2 l ya madzi), Spark M (5 ml pa 5 l), koma onani nthawi yodikirira.
Rasipiberi ndi sitiroberi sitiroberi	Tizilombo tating'ono (2-3 mm) timazindikira mosavuta ndi mphuno yake yayitali - proboscis. Mothandizidwa ndi chubu chamutu ichi, chachikazi chimabaya masamba ndikuyika dzira limodzi mkati. Mphutsi zimadya zomwe zili. Mphukira yoyamba imavutika, pomwe zipatso zazikulu kwambiri zimatha kukula. Mpaka nthawi yofalikira, zovala zimadya masamba, motero kulimbikira kuyenera kuyambitsidwa nthawi yayitali musanayambe maluwa.	M'dzinja, pomwe kutentha masana kumakhalabe pansipa + 8 ... + 10 ⁰C, chotsani namsongole ndi mulch, masula pansi pansi patchire. Mudzaphwanya malo achisanu, agalu ndi mphutsi sangathe kubisala ndi kuwuma. Chapakatikati, pomwe mpweya ndi dothi zimawonjezeka mpaka + 10 ⁰C ndipo pamwamba, chitani ndi tizilombo: Vitriol (60 g pa 10 l), Intavir (piritsi 1 pa 10 l), ndi zina. Bwerezani chithandizo panthawi yomwe matendawa ayamba kukulira. Pambuyo pa sitiroberi zamtchire, ndi nthawi yoti rasipiberi amatulutsa. Ngati ikukula m'dera loyandikana, tizilombo timasinthira. Chifukwa chake, gwiritsani ntchito mankhwala othandizira ndikulimbana ndi raspberries.

Chithunzi chojambulidwa: matenda ndi tizirombo ta sitiroberi

: Zizindikiro zokhala ndi mawanga oyera: Malo oyera oyera ndi malire a burgundy

: Madontho, kuyanika mawonekedwe osawoneka bwino kumayambitsa matenda akuda

: Muzu wathanzi m'gawolo ndi loyera, ndipo wopezeka ndi vuto lakumapeto kumapeza zotupa

: Zipatsozi zimakutidwa ndi zokutira za imvi zowola za mycelium.

: Chitsamba chomwe chikugwidwa ndi sitiroberi chimataya mphamvu, masamba amasamba chikaso, kufota ndi kufota

: Akangochoka nthawi yachisanu, ma weevil amadya masamba

: Munthu amatha kuwona, masamba osapsa, owuma omwe akhudzidwa ndi weevil

Pogona nyengo yachisanu

Chikondwererochi chidakhazikitsidwa ku North-Western District, chifukwa chake, chimadziwika ndi kulimba kwa nyengo yozizira. Ngati m'dera lanu kale kumapeto kwa nthawi yophukira - chiyambi cha chisanu kugwa chipale chofewa, ndiye kuti palibe chifukwa chobisa sitiroberi. Ndiyofunika kuiwopa ikakhala kale Disembala, imakhala youma kunja, koma kunja kuno kulibe chipale chofewa. Pankhaniyi, onetsetsani kuti mwaphimba mabedi ndi nthambi za spruce, kudula nthambi za raspberries, gooseberries, agrofibre apangidwe m'magawo angapo ndi zinthu zina zopumira. Chapakatikati, chisanu chikangogwa, chotsani pogona, apo ayi, ma sitiroberi amatha kupsa ndi kuvunda. Nthawi zina zimakhala zowopsa kusabisala kumapeto kwa chakudyaku kuposa kuyika pakugwa.

Kanema: pobisalira ma sitiroberi kuchokera kutsabola ndi calendula

Chikondwerero cha Kukolola

Nthawi yosangalatsa kwambiri akamakula Chikondwererochi chimabwera mu Julayi. Sungani zipatso zogona tsiku lililonse la 1-2, mosasamala nyengo. Koma pamsika, mayendedwe ndi kusungirako (osapitirira masiku awiri mufiriji), masamba a zisamba okha omwe amatola m'mawa pomwe mame atsika ndipo zipatso sizinawenthebe padzuwa.

Chikondwerero ndi chabwino mu mawonekedwe achisanu. Zipatso zochepa zomaliza zimaphwa ndikuwonjezera tiyi. Zosiyanasiyana ndizoyenera kukonzekera kukonzekera chisanu: kupanikizana, ma compotes, kupanikizana. Chithandizo chothandiza komanso chosangalatsa kwambiri nthawi yozizira ndi sitiroberi watsopano, yophika ndi shuga. Kuchulukaku kumadzaza ndi mapulasitiki ndipo amasungidwa mufiriji. Mafani a mowa wokoma amakonzekera kuchokera ku chikondwerero chakumwa zakumwa, ma tinctures, ma liqueurs.

Mbale yodziwika - sitiroberi yokhala ndi zonona - si yokongola kwambiri, koma ndi yosakoma

Ndemanga Zapamwamba

Ife, mdziko la Voronezh, timakonda Chikondwererochi ... Pamsika, ndimazindikira kuti ngati wina atulutsa chidebe ku Chikondwererochi, amachotsetsa mwachangu kwambiri. Koma m'minda ndizochepa komanso zochepa.
BABENKO
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Tili ndi mtundu umodzi wa Festivalnaya wogulidwa ku nazale kwa nthawi yayitali. Kusintha masharubu. Ndidandiuzidwapo mu nazale kuti mitundu ya Festivalnaya ndiyabwino kwambiri pamtunda wopanda wakuda - simazizira ndipo sanyowa.
Konovalova Anastasia
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Ndabwereza mobwerezabwereza kuti pakati pa "masharubu" omwe amatengedwa kuchokera ku mitundu yakale yamtundu wa Festivalnaya, pali zitsamba zopanda maluwa ndipo zimangopatsa "masharubu" ambiri. Amakhala okongola komanso onenepa kuposa ena, amatchedwa "opusa" m'mudzi, sindikudziwa chomwe chimafotokozera mawonekedwe ake, koma awa si udzu.
currant
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Zosiyanasiyana zidabwera kwa ife kuchokera nthawi zakale za Soviet. Ndizosangalatsa kwa wamaluwa omwe samakonda hybrids amakono aku Dutch omwe amakhala ndi zipatso zazikulu kwambiri, zowondana komanso zokoma. Festivalnaya ndi mtundu wotsimikiziridwa wokhala ndi zipatso zazipatso ndi zotsekemera. Kutha kubala chipatso mokulira mu dera lirilonse la Russia ndi chifukwa chodziwika kwambiri cha sitiroberi ndipo kumathandiza kupirira zoperewera zake zonse.