Mitundu yamitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zukini imatha kukwaniritsa zosowa za wokonza dimba aliyense. Zukini zukini Munthu wokongola wokongola amaphatikiza zabwino zambiri: zokolola zazikulu, mawonekedwe okongola a zipatso zokongola zazitali komanso zamkaka wandiweyani. Tinthu tating'onoting'ono t maluwa, tomwe tili ndi maluwa ofanana ndi lalanje gramophone, timakhala ngati zokongoletsera m'mundawu.
Mbiri yakukula zukini Black wokongola
Zosiyanasiyana zamasamba akuda Zokongola zomwe zimalandiridwa ndi obereketsa S.V. Maximov ndi N.N. Klimenko. Kuyambira 2006, atapemphedwa ndi amene anayambitsa - Agro-solid "SEARCH", Wokongola manja anaphatikizidwa ndi State Record ndipo analimbikitsa kuti ulimi wobiriwira ubalane kumadera a North-West ndi Volga-Vyatka ndikulima m'malo otseguka ku Central and Central Black Earth.
Ku Russia, Kukongola Kwachikululi kwakulitsa pafupifupi zaka 15 ndipo adatha kutchuka pakati pa olima dimba.
Kufotokozera kwa kalasi ya masamba osaneneka Black wokongola
Mwamuna wakuda wokongola ndi mtundu wa zukini wotchedwa zukini kapena zukini wa ku Italy. Monga zukini wokhazikika, zukini ndi wa banja la dzungu, ndipo amadziwika ndi zipatso zobiriwira kapena zachikaso. Kukongola kwakuda kumatanthauza mtundu wakuda wobiriwira wa zukini.
Zomera ndi masamba a masamba owumbika. Masamba obiriwira okhala ndi mawanga owala komanso magawo olimba amakhala ochepa kukula.
Zidutswa za zipatso ndi zipatso zili pach chitsamba bwino kwambiri
Wokongola wakuda ndi wa zipatso zoyambirira kucha - kuyambira pomwe zikumera mbande mpaka kucha kucha kwamasiku 45-55 akudutsa.
Nthawi zambiri pachitsamba chilichonse 5-6 zukini zimamangidwa. Zipatsozo zimakhala ndi mawonekedwe a cylindrical komanso yosalala, yosalala pang'ono, yopaka utoto wakuda, pafupi ndi wakuda, mtundu. Zukini imakhala ndi kulemera pafupifupi makilogalamu 0.8-0.9, kutalika kwa 1.7 kg, kutalika kwake ndi 20 cm. The zamkati zimakomera zabwino kwambiri - mwachikondi, popanda kuwawa, chifukwa chake mumatha kudya zukini ngakhale zosaphika. Mu zamkati mulibe mbewu zoyera kwambiri zoyera.
Pamwamba pa squash paliwosalala wakuda, wokhala ndi nthambalala pang'ono ndikuwoneka bwino.
Zipatso za Zukini ndizothandiza kwambiri chifukwa cha mavitamini A, B, E, C, nicotinic acid, phosphorous, potaziyamu, magnesium ndi chitsulo.
Zukini zimasintha chimbudzi ndikuchotsa zinthu zapoizoni m'thupi. Kuphatikiza apo, masamba awa ali ndi zochepa kwambiri zopatsa mphamvu - 16 kcal okha pa 100 g ya misa, kotero zukini ndizabwino pakudya. Zowona, zukini umaphatikizidwa kwa anthu omwe ali ndi matenda a impso ndipo amasiyana ndi masamba awa.
Makhalidwe a Gulu
Zukini Munthu wokongola wakuda amakhala ndi makhalidwe angapo abwino:
- zokolola zazitali (4-9 kg / m2 kapena 391-854 kg / ha, yomwe ndi 10-20% kuposa Beloplodny, Gribovsky, Miyeso ya Pheasant);
- nthawi yayitali yopanga zipatso;
- alumali moyo wa mbewuyo;
- chiwonetsero ndi kukoma kwabwino kwa zipatso;
- kukana matenda (mwachitsanzo, powdery mildew);
- kupezeka kwazonse zogwiritsa ntchito zipatso.
Ngati choyipa, kudziwikiratu kwa nthaka kumatha kuzindikirika.
Kuyerekeza zukini Black wokongola ndi mitundu ina - kanema
Malamulo obzala ndi kusamalira zukini
Kuti mukhale ndi mbewu yabwino, muyenera kubzala bwino zukini.
Zukini ndi thermophilic, kotero kuti muzibzalire muyenera kumawunikira dera ladzuwa ndi dothi lopepuka la michere (chernozems ndi loams ndizoyenera). Ngati dothi lonse lomwe lili m'derali ndi loonda, lolemera, muyenera kulilima ndi mchenga ndi kompositi.
Mukamagwira wakuda wokongola musayiwale za kusankha koyenera asanafike. Simungathe kubzala zukini pambuyo pa dzungu lina. Ndikofunikira kuti zukini iziyambitsidwa ndi anyezi, kabichi kapena mbatata, komanso zopambana zonse za nthangala, kuthekera kokulitsa chonde m'nthaka.
Zukini zitha kubzala zonse pofesa mwachindunji, komanso kudzera mmera njira.
Kufesa mbewu
Kubzala mbewu zukini mwachindunji pabedi, ndikofunikira kuti nyengo ikhale yotentha. Zizindikiro za kutentha ziyenera kufika pamlingo wa + 13 ... +14 zaC, ndipo mulingo woyenera kwambiri umalingaliridwa pa kutentha kwa +23 masana zaC, usiku +19 zaC. Monga lamulo, kutentha koteroko kumafikiridwa pakati pa Meyi - koyambirira kwa Juni.
Ngati mukufuna kukula zukini pansi pa kanema, ndiye kufesa zitha kuchitika kale kwambiri - mu khumi yachiwiri ya Epulo. Mutha kubzala m'magawo atatu ndi magawo atatu a masiku 60 - izi zimakolola nthawi yokolola.
Mbewu zokonzekera kufesa ziyenera kuyang'anitsidwa kuti zitheke - dzazani ndi madzi ndikuchotsa zitsanzo zonse pamtunda.
Mbewu zomwe zimamira pansi zimawonedwa kuti ndizoyenera kubzala
Musanafesere, ndibwino kuti muzitha kuthira mbewu mwachangu zokonzekera (supuni 1 ya sodium kapena potaziyamu humate, kapena Kristallin, kapena nitroammophoski pa lita imodzi yamadzi, yotentha mpaka 25) zaC) Mbewu zothira ndi michere zimayikidwa mchikwama chonyowa m'masiku atatu.
Nthaka ikakhuta mokwanira, mutha kudzala m'nthaka yokonzekereratu (yomasulidwa, yothira). Mbewu zimayikidwa mu zidutswa 2-3 mu masentimita 5-7 (m'madothi olemera, kuya kwakumapeto ndi 3-5 cm), kuyikidwa molingana ndi ndondomeko ya 60 mpaka 60 cm.Ngati pali nkhawa kuti si mbewu zonse zomwe zimaphuka, zibzalani njereyo posakhalitsa ( 30-35 cm). Pambuyo kumera, mphukira zofooka zimathetsa.
Ngati nyengo ndiyabwino, koma mukufuna kubzala zukini, mutha kubzala pa "bedi lotentha", momwe manyowa owola, udzu kapena kanthu kena kazinthu zinaikidwako, zomwe zimapereka kutentha kofunikira pakuwola.
Njira yodzala
Kubzala mbande kumalola kukolola koyambirira. Mbande za Zukini zimadzala palokha mu miphika kapena makapu, abwino kwambiri a peat, kutalika kwa masentimita 10-12. Nthaka iyenera kukhala yopatsa thanzi, ndipo njere zimathandizidwa mofananamo musanabzalidwe pabedi.
Kufesa mbewu zukini za mbande - kanema
Mbewu za mbande zimabzalidwa patatsala mwezi umodzi kuti zitheke kupitiriridwa m'mundawo kuti pakadali pano masamba awiri owona akhazikitsidwe. Matanki okhala ndi mbande amaikiramo chipinda chowala bwino. Kuti zikule bwino, mbewu zazing'ono zimadyetsedwa osakaniza superphosphate (5-7 g) ndi urea (2-3 g) pa lita imodzi. Chovala choyambirira chapamwamba chimachitika masabata 1.5 atamera, chachiwiri - pambuyo masiku ena 7-8. M'malo mwa mchere osakaniza, mutha kudyetsa yankho la mullein.
Masiku angapo asanabzalidwe, mbande zimafunikira "kulimbitsidwa" pang'ono, ndikuzipititsa panja tsiku lililonse.
Muyenera kubzala mbewu zazing'ono m'malo oyamba m'mawa kapena nyengo yamitambo, kuti squash ikhale yosavuta kusamutsira njirayi.
Wolemba adabzala bwino pogona popewa kuti atenge mbande za zukini. Kumayambiriro kwa Meyi, mbewu zimafesedwa pang'ono m'malo a dothi ndipo mbewu iliyonse imakutidwa ndi botolo la pulasitiki yofesedwa. Masamba awiri kapena atatu owona akapangidwa pa zukini, amatha kuikidwa mosamala kumalo okhazikika. Ndi njirayi, zotengera za mbande sizifunikira, ndipo mutha kukula pafupifupi mbewu iliyonse.
Njira yodzala mbande panthaka
Kubzala mbande za maukwati a masamba pamalo osapangidwa nthawi zonse zimapangidwa motere. Choyamba, dothi lakonzedwa:
- kukumba kumachitika ndikuyambitsa humus ndi phulusa;
- namsongole ndi zinyalala za mbewu zimachotsedwa;
- dothi lang'ambika ndipo mabowo amakumbidwa mpaka kukula kwa dothi pamizu ya mbande kapena kapu ya peat.
Mbande zimayikidwa mosamala m'maenje, owazidwa ndi dothi ndi kuthiriridwa madzi ambiri ofunda.
Kubzala zukini muvidiyo
Kukula Zinthu
Chisamaliro cha squash cha Zukini chimakhala kuthirira panthawi yake ndikovala pamwamba, kumasula kwa nthaka komanso kupewa matenda.
Popeza zukini amapangidwa ndi madzi, kuthirira ndikofunikira kwambiri kwa iwo. Onetsetsani kuti mukugwiritsa ntchito madzi ofunda, okhazikika! Kutsirira kumachitika pansi pazu kuti madzi asagwere pamasamba. Nthawi yamaluwa, tchire lirilonse limafunikira malita a66 amadzi tsiku lililonse la 6-7. Popanga zipatso, kuthirira kuyenera kuchitika kawiri pa sabata. Munthawi ya chilimwe, kuthirira kumachitika pafupipafupi (nthawi 1 m'masiku awiri). Masiku 7-10 asanakolole, kuthirira kuyenera kuyimitsidwa.
Kuvala kwapamwamba kumayenera kuphatikiza feteleza wa michere ndi organic ndipo umachitika katatu pachaka. Kufunika kwakukulu kwa michere pazakudya kumachitika nthawi ya maluwa ndi mapangidwe a m'mimba.
Mukamasankha feteleza, kumbukirani - zukini sizitha kuphatikizidwa ndi zosakaniza zomwe zimakhala ndi chlorine.
Kudya koyamba kumachitika ndi feteleza amadzimadzi (20 g wa potaziyamu sulfate ndi 40 g wa superphosphate amasungunuka mumtsuko wamadzi ofunda).
Pa chovala chachiwiri chapamwamba, 50 g ya ammonium nitrate ndi superphosphate amagwiritsidwa ntchito chidebe chilichonse cha madzi, 1.5 l yothetsera chitsamba chilichonse. Mutha kusintha feteleza wamankhwala ndi michere: yankho la mullein (1:10) kapena zitosi za nkhuku (1:20).
Kudyetsa zukini - kanema
Zukini zukini, mosiyana ndi kukwera ndi zukini, sizitengera kukongola ndi kutsina, chifukwa zipatso zake zimapangidwa pachitsinde chapakati. Zowona, kukhala ndi masamba ochulukirapo a masamba, masamba amatha kubisala zipatsozo ndikusokoneza mungu wochokera. Pankhaniyi, ma sheet a 2-3 amatha kuchotsedwa pamwamba pamasamba a mapangidwe a m'mimba. Kuphatikiza apo, njirayi imathandizira kuchepetsa chinyezi mu microclimate ya mbewu ndikulepheretsa kuwoneka ngati zowola.
Kuti muthane ndi namsongole, nthaka ndiyofunika kumasula nthawi zonse. Koma mutha kuthana ndi ntchitoyi ngati mutadzala masamba, radish kapena nyemba pafupi ndi zukini. Zobzala izi sizimalola namsongole kukula, ndipo pofika nthawi tchire la zukini limakula, minda yowonjezerayo yatulutsa kale zipatso ndipo imatha kuchotsedwa.
Zomera zomwe zimalimbikitsidwa kuti zibzalidwe pafupi ndi zukini - chithunzi
- Mtengowo umatha kubzala mbewu tchire la squash lisanayambe kukula
- Nyemba, pokhala chomera cham'munda, zimalemeretsa nthaka ndi nayitrogeni ndikuwonjezera chonde chake
- Katsabola samangolekerera kugwiritsidwa ntchito moyenera kwa malo ozungulira squash, komanso kuthamangitsa tizilombo toopsa
Kukopa njuchi ndikuwopseza tizirombo, tikulimbikitsidwa kubzala zitsamba zonunkhira kapena maluwa: basil, thyme, marigolds, nasturtiums pafupi ndi mabedi a zukini.
Chitetezo cha Matenda a Zukini
Zukini amathanso kukhudzidwa ndi matenda osiyanasiyana a fungus. Chimodzi mwa matenda omwe amakonda kwambiri ndi anthracnose, omwe amadziwonetsa pakoma kowawa kwa zamkati, kuchepa kwa elasticity komanso kuwola kwa zipatso. Ngati mizu yawonongeka, mbewuyo imatha kufa. Kuti apulumutse zukini kuchokera ku anthracnose, ndikofunikira kuwawaza ndi kukonzekera kwa EM. Tiyenera kukumbukira kuti anthracnose nthawi zambiri amakumana mu greenhouse.
Ndi anthracnose, mbali zomwe zimasokonekera za masamba zimatha kutuluka, ndikupanga mabowo osokonekera
Ndi kuchepa kwa kutentha kwa mpweya komanso kuwonjezeka kwakomweko kwa chinyezi, zukini zimatha kupeza ascochitosis. Matendawa fungatizi imadziwonekeranso ngati mawonekedwe obiriwira amdima ozungulira kapena owumbika, omwe amakula msanga. Pamwamba pa madera omwe akhudzidwa, madontho akuda a fungcnidia akuwoneka. Nyengo ikawuma, mawanga amatuluka, ndipo matendawa akayamba, masambawo nkutha, masamba omwe akhudzidwa akusweka, zipatso zimakutidwa ndi zilonda zolakwika.
Pa gawo loyambirira la matendawa, madera omwe akukhudzidwawa amatha kuthandizidwa ndi ufa wa malasha kapena choko. Kuchiza ndi Trichodermin kumathandizanso.
Zoyenera kuchita ngati zukini zitembenukira chikasu ndi zowola - kanema
Njira yodziwika yolimbana ndi matenda a zukini ndikuwongolera chinyezi, kukolola kwakanthawi kanyumba ka mbewu, kuwongolera maudzu ndi kasinthasintha wa mbeu.
Kututa, kusunga ndi kugwiritsa ntchito mbewu
Zukini, monga zukini wokhazikika, zimakoma bwino akadali aang'ono. Nthawi yakututa yokwanira imatsimikiziridwa ndi kukula kwa chipatso ndi momwe peel imakhalira: kutalika kwake panthawi yosonkhanitsira kufikire 18 cm, ndipo khungu limayenera kupyoledwa mosavuta ndi chikhomo. Mukakolola, muyenera kuchita kuthirira yambiri.
Zukini zazing'ono zimakhala ndi kukoma kwabwino kwambiri, kutalika kwake komwe sikupita 16-16 cm, ndipo khungu limalasa mosavuta ndi chala. Posachedwa zokolola zatha, chitsamba chiyenera kuthiriridwa madzi ochuluka.
Yokani zipatso pamtunda wa masiku awiri kapena atatu, kuyesera kuti musatulutse zukini pachitsamba. Kumbukirani kuti masamba omwe amapezeka munthawi yake amapangitsa kuti mazira atsopano apangidwe.
Zukini Munthu wakuda wokongola amatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito ponseponse: amatha kuwotchera, kuwaza, kuwaza mchere, ndi kuwaza. Ma saladi amatha kukonzedwa kuchokera ku zipatso zazing'ono.
Zukini caviar ndi imodzi mwambale zotchuka kwambiri
Awunikira wamaluwa
Anabzala tchire 10 ta Iskander ndi 4 Kukongola Kwakuda. Pamene anali atakwera kale (ndi njira, zonse zinali zitakwera, ngakhale pa tsiku la 12) ndinapita mumzinda ndikugula mbewu zina za squash ya Yellowfruit. Zofesedwa mbande mu beseni. Iwo anakwera mokwera kwambiri ndikukakhala m'munda wina. Momwemo idabzalidwa bwino. Koma panali njira yotalikirapo kuchokera ku kuyanjana uku. Choyipitsitsa pa zonse chimatsimikizira Kukongola Kokongola. Ikani zucchini 3 zokha ndi tchire 4. Iskander adadziwonetsa bwino.
NataliaSPB
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malinga ndi ndemanga za kukoma, zikuwoneka kwa ine kuti zukini wakuda akutsogolera - Kalonga wakuda, Kukongola kwakuda. Ndinkapanga caviar ndi mayonesi kangapo - amadya mwachangu kwambiri.
Floribunda
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Ndinali ndi Kukongola Kwakuda, koma sikugona, mitundu yosangalatsa kwambiri kuposa ena
Tatyana 1908
//www.forumhouse.ru/threads/6601/page-87
Zukini wakuda wokongola sifunikira chisamaliro chovuta, koma nthawi imodzimodziyo amapereka zipatso zabwino kwambiri. Mukamakula pazoyenera, mutha kutolera kuchokera pa masikweya mita mpaka 9 makilogalamu ofewa komanso athanzi a zukini.
