Kudula mizu ndi imodzi mwanjira zosavuta kwambiri komanso zodalirika pofalitsira mphesa, ndikupangitsa kuti zikhale zosavuta kupeza zodulira zambiri. Kutengera malamulo ochepa osavuta, kulima mphesa kuchokera kumadula ndikwabwino kwambiri ngakhale kwa osadziwa bwino wamaluwa.
Kuti ndi mphesa ziti zomwe zingabzalidwe kudulidwa
Mu mphesa, kudula pafupifupi mitundu yonse kumazika mizu. Komabe, kwa dera lakumwera kwa mbeu zam'mwera komwe madera oopsa agawikiridwe - phylloxera (nsabwe za m'mphesa), ndikofunikira kukula mitundu yokhazikika ya phylloxera pamizu yake. Izi zikuphatikiza:
- Moldova
- Mukukumbukira Negrul,
- Alefa
- Aurora Magaracha,
- Mwana woyamba kubadwa wa Magaraki ndi ena.
Mitundu yamphesa yakale kwambiri ku Europe imakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi phylloxera, kukhazikika mwa iwo osati masamba, koma mizu mobisa, kumene tizilombo sitingathe kuwononga popanda kuwononga mbewuyo. Tchire lomwe lakhudzidwa posachedwa limafa chifukwa chowola mizu. Phyloxera imagawidwa m'maiko ambiri a ku Europe ndi Mediterranean, ku Crimea, ku Caucasus (kuphatikiza mu malo a Krasnodar ndi Stavropol Territories), ku Rostov Region, ku Ukraine ndi Moldova. M'magawo awa, mitundu yakale yaku Europe imangokulitsidwa kokha m'matangadza apadera a phylloxera.
Phyloxera - tizilombo toopsa kwambiri tokhala m'minda yampesa yakum'mwera
Palibe phylloxera ku Belarus, chapakati Russia, dera la Moscow, dera la Volga, Kazakhstan, Urals ndi Siberia, ndipo mphesa zamitundu iliyonse zoyenera kuuma kwa dzinja, kucha ndi kukoma zimatha kudulidwa mosavuta. Kuphatikiza apo, chikhalidwe chokhala ndi mizu ndizabwino kwambiri makamaka pano - mbewu zoterezi zimamasuka mosavuta kuchokera kumizere yosungidwa pambuyo pozizira kozizira mlengalenga nyengo yozizira.
Kodi ndi motani kukolola mphesa kudula
Nthawi yabwino yokolola mphesa kudula pambuyo poti mphukira zipse, kuyambira mu Okutobala komanso isanayambike nyengo yozizira. Chapakatikati, izi ndizosafunikira chifukwa cha kuthekera kwakukulu kwakuti mphukira zidzazizira kapena ziume nthawi yachisanu.
Pazochita zanga, panali vuto limodzi pamene tidakwanitsa kuzizira ndipo mutabzala masika, mphesa zodulidwa zidazika mizu, nyengo yonse yozizira itangogona pansi pa chipale chofewa. Koma inali nyengo yanthawi-yozizira yamapesa osaphimba, ndipo nthawi yozizirayo inali yofatsa kwambiri komanso yotentha.
Mukugwa, mitengo yamphesa yazitsamba zabwino zimasankhidwa kudula. Ayenera kupsa bwino (wokhala ndi khungwa la bulauni), wobiriwira pamtengowo ndipo amakhala ndi makulidwe pafupifupi masentimita 1. Nthawi zambiri odulidwa amadulidwa kuyambira 30 mpaka 70 cm, ndikupanga magawo 3-4 cm kuchokera ku impso ndikuchotsa masamba onse.
Zidulira mphesa zomwe zimakololedwa mu kuphukira kwa mpesa
Ngati zodulidwazo zakonzedwa kuti zizisungidwa kwa nthawi yayitali kapena kuyendetsa mtunda wautali, zitha kumizidwa mutangoidula mu parafini yamadzimadzi kuti muchepetse kuwonongeka kwa chinyezi (musananyowe ndi kubzala, kudula kotsikirako kuyenera kusinthidwa kuti odulidwa azitha kuyamwa madzi).
Kubzala masamba ndi zipatso zodulira mphesa m'malo okhazikika
M'madera a Ukraine ndi kumwera kwa Russia, kubzala kwa nyundo kwa odulidwa kumene mwatsopano nthawi yomweyo kuli koyenera kwambiri. Amangomata kumapeto kumtunda wonyowa ndikuthirira. Mapeto a chogwirira azikhala akuya pafupifupi 0.5 m, ndipo impso zapamwamba zokha ndizotsala pamwamba panthaka.
Pakudalako kwa nyundo, kudula kwakutali komwe kangabzalidwe pakona kumakondedwa.
Vidiyo: Kudzala kwa yophukira kwa kudula mphesa
Kudera lathu la Middle Volga, kubzala mitengo ya malimwe nthawi yomweyo kumalo osakhalako m'munda nthawi zambiri kumakhala kopambana mitundu ya zipatso zosapsa chisanu.
Ku Belarus ndi madera akumwera chapakati Russia, kubzala zipatso za mitengo ya mphesa yozizira molimbika nkothekanso. Kuti mukhale ndi nyengo yodalirika yozizira pakumapeto kwa mphukira, mutha kuthira dothi lokwera 20-30 cm, lomwe lidzafunika kuchotsedwa mosamala mu kasupe mutatha kupukuta dothi.
Kudula mphesa zam'mwera ku Moscow Region ndi madera ofanana ndi nyengo yochepa chilimwe, komanso mitundu ina ya mphesa ku Urals ndi Siberia, zimatsukidwa nthawi yachisanu.
Kusungidwa kwa nyengo ya mphesa
Panyumba, ndizosavuta kusunga zodula mu firiji wamba ya nyumba pamtunda wa 1-3 ° C, ndikuziyika mu thumba la pulasitiki. Pa kutentha kwambiri, pamakhala chiwopsezo chodzuka msanga kwa impso. Mutha kusunga zodula mu chipinda chapansi kapena polojekiti mu bokosi lopukusira pang'ono kapena mchenga. Ndikofunika kuti muziziunikira nthawi ndi nthawi kuti musinthe kutentha ndi chinyezi ngati pakufunika kutero. Zidutswa zomwe zayamba kudzutsidwa zimayenera kuchotsedwa m'sitolo ndikuyika muzu.
Kubzala mitengo ya mphesa masika
Kubzala masika popanda kudula mizu popanda mizu kumakhala kothekera kum'mwera kwa nthawi yayitali komanso nyengo yotentha, ngakhale kuli kosavuta komanso chothandiza kudzala zipatso zodulidwazo nthawi yomweyo mpaka malo okhazikika. M'madera a Chigawo cha Moscow, Urals, ndi Siberia, zodulidwa zopanda mizu yomweyo m'mundamo alibe nthawi yozika mizu yokwanira nthawi yachisanu ndipo nthawi zambiri zimawuma nthawi yachisanu. Chifukwa chake, zigawo zomwe zimakhala ndi chilimwe mwachidule komanso nyengo yozizira, zodulidwa zimakhazikitsidwa kale mu wowonjezera kutentha kapena mu chipinda pawindo lawindo musanabzala.
Kumera kwa zodula kunyumba
Kwa Moscow Region, nthawi yabwino yoyambira kubzala m'munda wa mphesa kumayamba kumapeto kwa February - koyambirira kwa Marichi. Poyambira wamaluwa ndikwabwino kuti muthe kudula ndi masamba atatu kapena atatu.
Zomwe zadulidwa m'maso ndi zodulira zokhala ndi michere yocheperako ndizotheka ndi chipangizo chotenthetsera (mutha kugwiritsa ntchito batri yotenthetsera) ndi mpweya wabwino (mawindo otsegulira mpweya ophimba), kuti mizu ioneke koyambirira kuposa mphukira kuchokera pakusintha kwa kutentha.
Technology ya preplant mbande za cuttings:
- Pendani mosamala zodulidwa zochotsedwa m'chipinda chapansi pa nyumba kapena firiji, ndikusintha gawo loyandikiralo pafupi sentimita pansi pa impso. Pesi yamoyo, yapamwamba kwambiri pamtundu wodulidwa uyenera kukhala watsopano komanso wobiriwira. Zochulukidwa kwambiri (zofiirira komanso zokhala ndi brittle) kapena zodulira zowola sizoyenera kubzala.
- Dulani impso yam'munsi kwambiri ya chogwirizira (khungu) kuti mphukira uwoneke kuchokera impso yapamwamba.
Kukonzekera kudula: kukonzanso kudula, khungu khungu la m'munsi, pang'ono pang'ono ndi mpeni
- M'munsi mwa chogwiririra, ikani miyala pang'ono yanthawi yayitali ndi mpeni wakuthwa kuti mupange bwino mizu.
- Zilowerereni ndi zodula za tsiku loyera m'madzi oyeretsedwa bwino kutentha kwa firiji kuti mubwezeretsere nkhokwe.
- Mutha kuchiza zodulidwazo ndi zokupatsani mizu molingana ndi malangizo a mankhwalawo.
- Ikani zodulidwazo ndi m'munsi mwake (masentimita 5) mumtsuko ndi madzi ochepa.
Njira yosavuta yophukira kudula mumtsuko ndi madzi pang'ono
- Ikani chidebe pawindo lowoneka bwino lotsegula ndipo musaiwale kuwunika momwe madzi alili, nthawi ndi nthawi mumawonjezera pomwe amatuluka. Zomwe zimapangidwa kwambiri mu kudula kumachitika pakatikati pa madzi ndi mpweya.
Mapangidwe a mizu amachitika pamalire a madzi ndi mpweya
Vidiyo: Kumera kwa mitengo ya mphesa m'madzi
Kubzala kumera kudulira m'mabotolo
Algorithm ya zochita:
- Mizu yaying'ono (masentimita 1-3) ikaoneka mu zodulidwazo itaima m'madzi, ndikofunikira kuziika ndikuziika pansi. Mizu yotalikirapo nthawi zambiri imasweka ndikusintha.
Mizu ikakuwonekera, zodulidwazo ziyenera kuziika pansi kuchokera ku chida chamadzi mpaka pansi
- Pakubzala, dothi lililonse lomwe lakonzedwa kuti mbande ndi mbewu zamkati zokhala ndi acidity mulitali 6.0-7.5 kapena chosakanizika chopangidwa ndi tsamba la humus chokhala ndi mchenga wowuma bwino ndizoyenera. Kuchuluka kwa malo kudula kulikonse ndi malita 0,5 (koma kuposa 1 litre kapena kupitilira).
Ndikothekanso kugwiritsa ntchito mabotolo apulasitiki obzalidwa, m'munsi mwake ndikofunikira kubowola mabowo angapo kukhetsa madzi ochulukirapo.
Ndi yabwino kukula mbande kuchokera kudulidwe mumakapu apulasitiki kapena mabotolo odulidwa
- Zodulidwa ziyenera kuyikidwa pawindo lozizira bwino kapena pachipika chosazirala ndi kutentha pamwamba pa 15 ° C.
Mizu yodula mizu iyenera kuyikidwa pawindo
- Mutabzala, zodulidwazo ziyenera kuthiriridwa madzi nthawi zonse, kupewa kupukuta dothi.
Zodulidwa zomwe zimayenera kuthiriridwa nthawi zonse
Kubzala zodulidwa zokhazikika pamalo osungira dimba
Mutha kubzala mitengo yazomera m'munda m'malo okhazikika kumapeto kwa masika a masika (ku Moscow Region uku ndiko kutha kwa Meyi - kuyambira Juni). Kuti muchite izi:
- Pafupi ndi zogwirizira zomwe zakhazikitsidwa kale (njira yosavuta kwambiri yomangira trellis kuchokera pa waya wotambasulidwa pakati pa nsanamira), muyenera kukumba maenje akutsikira ndi akuya kwa 0.5 m ndi mainchesi pafupifupi 40 cm.Utali pakati pa maenje oyandikana ndi pafupifupi 1.5 m.
Pakubzala mphesa, kukunani mabowo akuya kwa 0.5 m ndi mainchesi 40 cm
- Pansi pa dzenjelo, ikani chopondera ndi dothi lonyowa, kuwaza ndi nthaka yachonde ndikuphatikiza kwa humus ndikuthira madzi ambiri (1 ndowa yamadzi pachomera chilichonse).
- Ngati mbewu ndizochepa kwambiri, kudzaza komaliza kwa maenje obzala ndi nthaka kumachitika pang'onopang'ono nthawi yachilimwe m'mene mphukira zimakula.
- Ndikofunika kubisa mbewu zobzalidwa ndi agrofibre kuti mutetezeke ku dzuwa mwachindunji komanso mwazizira mwangozi, makamaka mutabzala.
Vidiyo: Kubzala masamba odulidwa m'munda
Samalani mphesa zodulidwa
Nyengo yachilimwe, nthaka m'munda wamphesa wamaluwa nthawi zambiri imamasulidwa ndikuchotsa udzu. Mu chilimwe chotentha, chouma, kuthirira kumafunikira nthawi 1-2 pa sabata, 1 ndowa yamadzi pachomera chilichonse. Akukula mphukira pamene iwo akukula amamangirizidwa kwa trellis. Ngati masamba a chaka choyamba azomera, ndibwino kuwadula nthawi yomweyo kuti asasokoneze mizu.
Mphukira zopangidwa mchaka choyamba ndizabwino kudula kuti zisafooketse mbewu zazing'ono
Mu nthawi yophukira, mphesa zazing'ono zimayenera kuchotsedwa pamathandizo awo, zimayikidwa pansi ndikuphimbidwa nthawi yozizira malinga ndi nyengo yachisanu yachisanu yamtundu wina m'malo otentha. Kuyambira chaka chachiwiri mutabzala - samalani ngati wamkulu mpesa.
Kufalikira kwa mphesa ndi kudula masamba kwa chilimwe
Mphesa zitha kudulidwa mchilimwe.
Zodulira zobiriwira zaiye ndi umodzi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pofalitsa mitundu yamtengo wapatali yatsopano
Kugwiritsira ntchito maso amodzi (ndikangokhala ndi mphukira imodzi) zodulidwa zobiriwira kumapereka zokolola zambiri zodzala zinthu kuchokera pachomera chimodzi, zomwe ndizofunikira kwambiri pakufalitsa mitundu yatsopano yamtengo wapatali.
Kubwezeretsa kwakukulu kwa kudula kobiriwira ndikofunikira kukonza nyengo yachisanu yoyambira ya mbande zomwe zalandiridwa motere mu chipinda chapansi kapena wowonjezera kutentha. Chifukwa chake, kuzula mabulosi obiriwira kuli bwino nthawi yomweyo m'makapu, omwe ndi osavuta kusamukira kumalo oyenera, osasokoneza mizu ndi chowonjezera chowonjezera.
Ukadaulo wa mizu yodulira masamba amodzi:
- Sankhani wathanzi labwino, obiriwira bwino a chaka chino osapitirira pensulo. Mukadula, nthawi yomweyo ziikeni mu ndowa. Izi zimachitika bwino nyengo yamitambo.
Kwa odulidwa, mphukira wokhala ndi makulidwe osachepera pensulo amasankhidwa
- Kuchokera pa mphukira zosankhidwa, dulani zodulidwa ndi mawonekedwe amodzi. Wodulidwa wapamwamba azikhala wa 1-2 masentimita pamwamba pa mfundo, wodulidwa m'munsi azikhala 3-4 cm pansi pa mfundo.
- Dulani masamba akuluakulu ndikudula pakati kuti muchepetse madziwo. Ana opeza omwe adalipo (mphukira zazing'ono m'munsi mwa tsamba) ayenera kusiyidwa kwathunthu.
Mukamalumikiza masamba akuluakulu, iduleni, siyani mizere yaying'ono m'munsi masamba onse
- Ikani zodulidwa ndikumapeto kumapeto kwa zikho ndikuyiphatikiza ndi dothi lonyowa komanso chowonjezera ndi mchenga kuti maziko a tsamba petiole akhale pamunsi. Thirani pamadzi.
Mizu yodzidulira mwabwinobwino imakhala yabwino pamakapu amodzi
- Ikani makapu ndi odulidwa mu wowonjezera kutentha ndi kutentha kwa 20-25 ° C. Ngati ili pamalo otentha, galasi lake liyenera kuyeretsedwa lisanachitike kuti lizitetezere ku dzuwa.
- Dothi la zodula liyenera kukhala lonyowa nthawi zonse. Pakatha milungu iwiri, mizu idzawonekera, ndipo patatha sabata ina, kukula kwa mphukira zatsopano kumayamba.
Mbande zodulidwa zobiriwira ndizochepa kwambiri, kotero kwa nthawi yozizira imatsukidwa mu chipinda chansi kapena wowonjezera kutentha
- Mizu yodulidwa imayenera kukhala nthawi yawo yozizira mu wowonjezera kutentha kapena pansi, ndipo mchaka chamawa ikabzalidwe m'munda pamalo okhazikika.
Kanema: Kufalikira kwa mphesa ndi kudulidwa kobiriwira
Ndemanga
Chachikulu ndichakuti samakhala oledzera. Ndi cuttings wakuda, mbande nthawi zonse zimakhala zamphamvu.
Mnzake//forum.vinograd.info/showthread.php?t=6133&page=2
Ndakhala ndikuchita mphesa kwa zaka 4, ndimadula nthawi yotentha, masamba obudula obiriwira mwachangu komanso popanda mavuto, pakugwa kwake ndi kale chomera chaching'ono.
Marisha//www.tomat-pomidor.com/newforum/index.php?topic=1793.0
Nthawi yabwino yogwira ntchito ndi odulidwa mumsewu wapakati ndi February-Marichi. Kukhazikika koyambirira masana sikupatsa mwayi (masamba ndi ofooka).
Yakimov//dacha.wcb.ru/lofiversion/index.php?t16373.html
Kulima mphesa zapamwamba zabwino kuchokera kudulidwe ndizosavuta, ngati mukudziwa ndikutsatira malamulo ena osavuta pofalitsa mbewuyi. Chopindulitsa kwambiri ndikubzala mphesa kuchokera kumadulidwe akumpoto kwa viticulture, komwe kulibe phylloxera kumakupatsani mwayi wopanda masheya okhazikika.
