Lero tikukuuzani zinsinsi zobzala ndikukula mtengo wa dollar.
Mudzaphunzira zofunikira za chisamaliro ndi kuswana, komanso mfundo zochepa zokhudza chomera.
Mukudziwa? Mu 1908, mkulu wa Berlin Botanical Garden, Adolph Engler, adapatsa dzina lamakono zomera zomwe analandira chifukwa cha kufanana kwa masamba ndi masamba a chisanu.
Malangizo a chisamaliro cha mtengo wa dola
Kuti muyambe, phunzirani zambiri zokhudza mtengo wa dola.
Zamioculcas - chomera chomwe chili cha banja la Aroids ndipo chimachokera ku Africa.
Mtengo wa dola uli ndi masamba ofanana ndi a rhizome ndi masamba owopsya.
Tsopano popeza taphunzira pang'ono za Zamiokulkas, tikhoza kupita kuzinthu zoyenera kuti tisamalire.
Zofunikira zolemba nthaka
Kuti mudziwe mtundu wa dothi wofunikira kuti mukhale wamagetsi, muyenera kukumbukira kuti ndi dothi liti lomwe likupezeka kudziko lakwawo, ku Africa.
Duwa limafuna dothi lotayirira, limene "lidzapuma bwino" ndikudutsa chinyezi. Mukhoza kugula dothi m'sitolo ya maluwa ndi kuwonjezera mchenga wa mtsinje. Kapena ayi kuti mupange gawo lokhala ndi zamoyo zam'madzi mwa kusakaniza mofanana kwambiri ndi nthaka, tsamba la masamba (lotengedwa chifukwa cha kuvunda kwa masamba ogwa), mchenga ndi mchenga.
Mukhoza kupanga "kuphatikiza" kwa chernozem, peat ndi mchenga wofanana. Mukasakaniza nthaka muyenera kuwonjezera pa iyo yokometsetsa sphagnum, yomwe imamasula nthaka.
Ndikofunikira! Mtengo wa dola umakondweretsa dothi losasunthika (pH pa 6).
Kutentha kotentha ndi kuyatsa
Zamioculkas wodzichepetsa ku zikhalidwe za msungamo. Zitha kuikidwa pawindo lakumwera ndi kumpoto. Mtengo wa dola suwopa mantha, mu nyengo yofunda imasangalala kwambiri pabwalo lotseguka kapena m'munda.
Komabe, posankha malo a duwa, samalirani kuunikira. Kulephera kwa kuwala kumakhudza mtundu wambiri wa masamba, kuwonjezera apo, masamba atsopano amalephera ndi osayenera kubereka.
Mtengo wa dola imalekerera mwakachetechete kutentha ndi kutsika kwambiri. The momwe akadakwanitsira kutentha ndi 18-20˚С. M'nyengo yozizira, amamva bwino kutentha kwa 16-18˚С.
Choncho, mbewu ya ku Africa ikhoza kusungidwa m'nyumba popanda kupanga nyengo yozizira. Chomeracho sichiyenera kuwonjezera tsiku la dzuwa poika nyali yowonjezera.
Nthawi zonse ulimi wothirira ndi chinyezi
Kusamba zamagetsi sikusowa nthawi zambiri. Nthaka sayenera kukhala yonyowa nthawi zonse, komanso mochuluka kwambiri m'nyengo yozizira. Onjezerani madzi m'phika pamene nthaka yapansi imakhala youma. M'nyengo yozizira, kuthirira kumachitika pamene gawo lapansi mu mphika likufanana ndi clod ya nthaka youma.
Timayesetsa kutonthoza mpweya. Mtengo wa dola umamva bwino ndi kuchepa kwa mpweya. Komabe, musaiwale kuti mudzapukuta masamba a chomera kamodzi pa mwezi ndi nsalu yonyowa pokonza kuti fumbi ndi dothi zisapangidwe pa iwo.
Ndikofunikira! Kuchuluka kwa chinyezi mu maluwa amatsogolera ku mfundo yakuti zamiokulkas chikasu. Choncho, musamamwe madzi okwanira, mwinamwake chomera chidzayamba kupuma ndi kufota!
Feteleza ndi kuvala pamwamba
Ngati chomera chimalepheretsa kukula ndi chitukuko, muyenera kuganizira momwe mungadye mtengo wa dola.
Kubzala mbewu pa nyengo yokula ayenera kukhala kamodzi pamlungu, kusinthanitsa feteleza ndi mchere feteleza. Zomwe feteleza zimapanga zikhale zochepa kawiri, kotero kuti kumaliza kwake kuvala ndi kuchepetsedwa ndi madzi 1: 1.
Kamodzi pa mwezi, mtengo wa dola uyenera kutsukidwa ndi urea kapena feteleza ovuta. Pachifukwa ichi, fulitsani thupi la mbeu, osati dothi la pamwamba. Kudyetsa mmera molingana ndi malangizo, mumasunga mtundu wa masamba, kuteteza matenda ndikufulumizitsa kukula kwa Zamiokulkas.
Zomwe zimapangidwira zamagetsi
Kuwonjezera pa kuthira feteleza ndi kuthirira, Zamiokulkas ayenera kuikidwa nthawi zonse mu mphika watsopano kuti chomeracho chikhale chopanda matenda ndipo chikhale ndi maonekedwe abwino. Kodi ndi liti pamene mukufunika kukopera mtengo wa dollar kuti musamavulaze chomera?
Kujambula Zamiokulkasa kumachitika mu April kapena May. Pa nthawi yomweyo, ndikofunika kuti muzitha kuziika pamodzi ndi nthaka kuchokera ku mphika wakale. Choncho, muyenera kusiya potsulo pang'onopang'ono kusiyana ndi "nyumba" yakaleyo kapena kukula kwake.
Ndikofunikira! Kunyumba, kuika mtengo wa dollar wamng'ono kumachitika nthawi imodzi pachaka.
Chomeracho chimaikidwa m'phika lalikulu (3-4 masentimita aakulu kuposa lakale), pamene nsonga za tubers za mizu sizikuphimba pansi kuti mizu isakhale yonyowa kwambiri. Patangotha masiku awiri mutengapo, chomeracho chiyenera kuthiriridwa mochuluka.
Ndi bwino kubzala mbewu mu pulasitiki ndi pansi. Komabe, izi siziyenera kukhala zapamwamba kwambiri, kotero kuti panthawi yotsatira musapite kugawanika.
Ndikofunikira! Mphuno ya pulasitiki imasonyeza kuti chomeracho chimafuna kuika.
Monga momwe mukuonera, ndi zophweka kuti musamalire zamiokulkas kunyumba.
Kubereka kunyumba
Ambiri amaganiza zowonjezera Zamiokulkas kunyumba. M'gawo lino, tidzakayankha funso ili ndi tsatanetsatane wa ndondomeko ya kuswana mtengo wa dola.
Gawo la tubers
Zili zosavuta kufalitsa Zamiokulkas ndi tubers, monga tuber palokha imagawanika pakakula. Muyenera kupatula gawo la tuber pokhapokha mutakonzekera chomera.
Ndikofunikira! N'zotheka kugawaniza tubers pokhapokha ngati pali chimodzi chokulapo mbali yomwe iyenera kulekanitsidwa. Apo ayi, mumangowononga mizu ya mbewu.
Ikani kupatukana kuyenera kukonkhedwa ndi zinyenyeswazi zowonongeka ndi kusiya kuti ziume. Pambuyo pake, chomera chomeracho mu mphika ndi chimbudzi chopatsa thanzi, chisanadze pansi pa mphika ndi ngalande.
Njira yogawanika si yabwino, popeza pali ngozi ya imfa ya mayi. Kuphatikizanso apo, tagawani yosiyana ingathe kukhala pansi. Ndibwino kukumbukira kuti zomera zazing'ono sizikuikidwa motere chifukwa cha kusowa kokwanira kwa tubers.
Monga momwe mukuonera, ndi zophweka kuti muzule mtengo wa dollar ndi tubers; kuswana kotereku kulipo ngakhale kwa osadziŵa bwino florists.
Cuttings
Kufalitsa ndi cuttings kuli ndi ubwino wake, chifukwa, poyamba, kudula kumakhala ndi zakudya zambiri zomwe zimathandiza rooting ya chomera chatsopano, ndipo kachiwiri, cuttings ikhoza kufalitsidwa ngakhale pamene chomera chili ndi nthambi 2-3 zokha, cuttings.
Monga lamulo, tenga mphukira ku mtengo wa dola mosavuta. Kuti muchite izi, simukusowa zipangizo zapadera, ndikofunikira kuti muthe kutsatira malangizo.
Pofuna kuswana, sankhani phesi lamphamvu la kukula kwake (ngati mutasankha kwambiri, ndiye kuti zitenga nthawi yaitali kuti muzuke). Njira yosankhidwayo imasiyanitsidwa ndi mpeni kuchokera ku chomera cha amai ndikuyikidwa m'madzi (timaphatikizapo makala opangidwa chifukwa cha disinfection).
Ndikofunikira! Kuphatikizira sankhani mbali ya tsinde, yomwe ili ndi impso 1.Madzi omwe ali mu thanki amasintha nthawi ndi nthawi ndikuyang'anitsitsa kotero kuti kudula sikukuvunda. Mwamsanga pamene mizu ikuwonekera - kambewu kakang'ono kakuikidwa mu nthaka.
Palinso mitundu yina yotsinthanitsa, yomwe zomera zimayikidwa pansi. Pambuyo kudula mphukira, malo opatukana amachizidwa ndi malasha osweka ndipo amasiya tsiku popanda kuikidwa m'madzi kapena gawo lapansi. Izi zachitika kotero kuti kudula kumatseka njira zopangira madzi pazodulidwa ndikupanga chingwe chachitsulo.
Pambuyo pa tsiku, phesi imayikidwa mu nthaka yonyowa, yowala, yowonjezera ndi kuwonjezera peat ndi kufufuza zinthu. Kuti pakhale zosavuta kuti phwando likhale lokhazikika, mukhoza kuikapo kapu yotentha yotentha pamwamba pake (chifukwa cha izi mungathe kutenga galasi lodziwika), zomwe nthawi zina mumayenera kuchotsa.
Tsamba loyamba lokhala ndi ubweya wofiira likuwonekera pa chomera, kudula kumatengedwa. Kuthirira kambewu kakang'ono n'kofunika kuti madzi asagwere pa impso (ndibwino kutsanulira madzi kuzungulira mphika).
Mukudziwa? Kuphatikiza pa spathiphyllum, zamiokulkas amatchedwanso "chimwemwe chachikazi". Ambiri amanena kuti chomera chimagwira ntchito zodabwitsa ndipo zimapangitsa mwini wake kukhala wachimwemwe m'chikondi.
Kubala zipatso
Mtundu wosavuta kwambiri wa kuswana, umene sufuna nthawi yambiri ndi zinthu zina. Pa tsamba la kubereka, nkofunika kumvetsetsa kuti tsamba ndilo nthambi yonse yomwe imakula kuchokera pansi. Thunthu la zamiokulkas lili pansi ndipo ndi tuber ndi mizu. Choncho, kubereka pogwiritsa ntchito masamba ang'onoang'ono, omwe ali mbali ya tsamba lalikulu.
Musanachuluke chomera chanu, konzekerani mpeni ndi chidebe cha madzi. Dulani mosamala tsambali pa mtengo wa dola ndikuziponya m'madzi kuti tsamba 2/3 lizimiziridwa m'madzi. Pamene mukudula tsambali muyenera kutenga kachigawo kakang'ono ka tsinde.
Kuyambira pomwe mutayika tsamba m'madzi, mpaka mpaka mizu ikuwoneka, ikhoza kutenga miyezi 3-6, kotero musachimwe pa tsamba loipa kapena malangizo olakwika.
Ndikofunikira! Kwa disinfection 1-2 mapiritsi a mpweya wonyezimira amaikidwa m'madzi.
Komanso kudula pepala kungabzalidwe mu peat. Pachifukwa ichi, mutatha kudula pepala, iyenera kuti ikhale yowuma kwa tsiku limodzi, ndipo pokhapokha "khalani" mu peat. Tsamba limasambira ku 1/3 la kutalika ndi madzi ndi madzi okwanira (musamanyowetse pansi gawolo, mwinamwake tsamba lidzangowola).Kenaka, mbale ndi pepala kuti muphimbe ndi galasi / akhoza / polyethylene. Mapepala nthawi ndi nthawi ayenera kuthiriridwa ndi kuwongolera. Nthaŵi ya kumera kwa mizu ndi yofanana ndi pamene kumizidwa m'madzi.
Ndikofunikira! Mukamabzala tsamba mu gawo lapansi, simungathe kuona zowola masamba, choncho tikukulangizani kuti mugwiritse ntchito madzi kuti muzitha kuyendetsa.
Zovuta zowonjezereka mu kulima, matenda ndi tizilombo toononga za zamiokulkas
Mtengo wa ndalama umakhudzidwa ndi tizirombo kawirikawiri chifukwa cha chisamaliro chosayenera. Omwe amakonda "alendo" a chomera ndiwo kangaude ndi scythe.
Tiyeni tiyambe kangaudezomwe ndi parasitic pa chomera.
Nyama ya arachnid yomwe imadyetsa zomera. Nkhupakupa ndi yaing'ono komanso yovuta kuwona. Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda timapweteketsa kwambiri zomera, choncho muyenera kulimbana mwamsanga.
Kuti muwononge tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, mukhoza kuthetsa sopo (yomwe imayenera kupukuta thupi lonse), kapena kugwiritsa ntchito zipangizo zothandizira kuthana ndi mavitamini - acaricides. Komanso kangaude amawopa mowa. Sungani chophika cha thonje ndi mankhwala a 96% ndikupukuta mbewu yonse.
Ndikofunikira! Anthu akuluakulu okha amaopa mowa, nkhuku mazira adzakhalabe amoyo.
Chirombo chachiwiri cha mtengo wa dola - chitetezo.
Shchitovka ndi wa banja la tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Zimatulutsa zomera zambiri, choncho Zamiokulkas ndizosiyana. Pofuna kumenya nkhondo, mukhoza kugwiritsa ntchito sopo womwewo kuchokera ku sopo yochapa zovala, yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito ku thupi lonse la chomera.
Pambuyo pokonza ndi sopo, zindikirani ndi thumba la pulasitiki. Mankhwalawa amachitika kangapo mpaka tizilombo tomwe timachoka. Sitikulimbikitsanso kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala kuti athane ndi chishango, chifukwa ali ndi poizoni, ndipo amawapopera malo okhalamo ndiletsedwa.
Ndikofunikira! Kuchuluka kwa chinyezi ndilo chifukwa choyamba cha tizilombo toyambitsa matenda pa zamiokulkas.
Kuwonjezera pa mavitamini, zamiokulkas akhoza kudwala matenda. Choncho, tidzakuuzani momwe mungazindikire "zilonda" ndikuchiritsa.
1. Mdima wakuda pa masamba. Pali zifukwa zingapo: chinyezi chokwanira, cholembera kapena kutentha kwambiri. Pewani kuchuluka kwa kuthirira ndi kusuntha maluwa ku malo ena. Patapita kanthawi, zamagetsi zidzabwerera.
2. Kuthamanga phesi. Chomera chimayamba kuvunda ngati madzi akumwa mopitirira muyeso. Panthawi imodzimodziyo pali khalidwe lopaka fungo. Kuphatikiza pa tsinde, mizu imayamba kuvunda, choncho izi ziyenera kukonzedweratu mwamsanga kotero kuti chomeracho sichifa.
Kuti asungidwe mtengo wa dollar, umakumba ndikudula mbali zowola. Magawo amachiritsidwa ndi atsekedwa mpweya chips. Pambuyo pa "kubwezeretsa", thupi la mbeulo liyenera kuchitidwa ndi fungicide ndi kuikidwa mu mphika wina ndi nthaka yatsopano.
Ndikofunikira! Ngati njirayi isasinthike, tuber imatayidwa, kusiya masamba onse abwino kuti abereke. Choncho, mukhoza kubwezeretsa chomeracho.3. Chomeracho chinayamba kuuma. Zamioculcas amauma ndipo amathira masamba chifukwa cha zifukwa ziwiri: ukalamba kapena kuwonongeka kwa makina. Choncho musadandaule, musamatsukeni masamba ndi tsinde, kuti chomeracho chisavulaze.
4. Kusakaniza masamba. Tinakumbukira vuto ili pamwamba, pamene tinakambirana za ulimi wothirira. Masamba a masamba amaoneka pammera pakakhala chinyezi. Komanso, ngati kuvunda kumaonekera pamzu, masambawo ayamba kutuluka. Pochiza chomera, muyenera kungouma nthaka kapena, ngati ili m'malo osasamalidwa, imbani izi mu gawo lapansi latsopano louma.
5. Stains pa tsinde. Ngati mawanga sakhala onyowa / ofewa kumakhudza, ndiye izi ndizomwe zimangokhalapo. Ndiponso madima akusiyidwa kusokoneza. Mdima wouma pamatamba akuwoneka kutentha kwa dzuwa. Pankhaniyi, ingosintha malo, ndipo chomeracho chidzabwezeretsedwa.
Kudulira Zamiokulkas
Ndi tizirombo ndi matenda akuluakulu a mtengo wa dola, talingalira, tsopano tikuyamba kudulira zamiokulkasa.
Kudulira zomera zikuchitika m'chaka. Pakukula mofulumira, impso zam'mwamba, zomwe zimalandira zakudya zambiri, zimachotsedwa modekha. Kuwombera kumadulidwa kuti pamapeto pake korona ikhale ngati mawonekedwe a mpira. Pambuyo kudulira, mtengo wa dola umapanga masamba ochepa, omwe amatha kukhala mphukira zazing'ono.
Ndikofunikira! Simungakhoze kudulira m'nyengo yozizira, monga chomera cha nthawi imeneyi chimapita ku hibernation ndipo chimatha kukula.Tsopano mukudziwa kuti kusunga mtengo wa dola kunyumba sikovuta monga momwe kungawonekere. Musaiwale za chisamaliro cha chomera, ndipo chidzakondweretsani nthawi zonse.
