Crocosmia ndi udzu wokhala ndi udzu wambiri kuchokera kubanja la a Kasatikov. Amakhala munkhalango zowirira zobiriwira, pomwe zowongoka kapena zowala zimatuluka. Dzinali limatanthawuza "fungo la safroni", ndi momwe maluwa owuma amanunkhira. Chomera chimadziwikanso ndi mayina montbrecia, tritonia, kapena gladiolus waku Japan. Crocosmia ndi kwawo ku South Africa. Nthenga zake zowonda zimakwaniritsa bwino maluwa m'mundamo, ndipo kudula inflorescence kumaimilira m'miyambo kwa milungu yopitilira iwiri.
Kufotokozera kwamasamba
Crocosmia ndi udzu wamuyaya. Kutalika kwa mbewuyo kumatha kukhala 40 cm mpaka 1. Mizu yake imakhala ndi ma corm, omwe amakula m'magulu akuluakulu. Corm chilichonse chimakutidwa ndi zigawo zingapo za mauna. Tsinde lopindika limazunguliridwa ndi rosette yapamwamba ngati masamba a xiphoid kapena liniya. Kutalika kwa masamba obiriwira owoneka bwino ndi 40-60 masentimita, iwo amawombera m'mtsempha wapakati kapena ali ndi matope odera.
Nthambi za woonda, zosavuta tsinde wandiweyani panicrate inflorescence. Amawonekera mu Julayi ndipo amakhalabe kumapeto kwa Seputembala. Duwa lirilonse limakhala ndi mawonekedwe a nyenyezi yamaso asanu. Phata lamkati la corolla lotseguka ndi masentimita 3-5. Ziphuphu zimapaka utoto wofiirira, lalanje kapena wachikasu. Gulu lalikulu la asitima achikasu atuluka pakati. Masamba pa peduncle amatsegulanso, kuyambira pansi mpaka m'mphepete.
Kummwera kwa crocosmia nthawi yakucha nthangala. Amapezeka m'mabokosi ang'onoang'ono azbewu ndipo ndi lalanje.
Mitundu ndi mitundu ya crocosmia
Pa mtundu wa crocosmia, pali mitundu yopitilira 50 ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya hybrid.
Crocosmia ndi golide. Chomera 50-80 masentimita pamunsi pake chimakhala ndi rosette yooneka ngati masamba a masamba obiriwira a xiphoid. Maluwa amayamba mu Julayi, pomwe masamba okhala ndi maluwa achikasu otuwa atatseguka patsinde. Kugawidwa ku South Africa, kudayambitsa ku Europe mkati mwa XX century.
Crocosmia Massonorum. Zomera zimakana kukana chisanu. Tchire limakhala ndi maluwa oyera masamba obiriwira okhala ndi masamba obiriwira komanso thonje lotalika, lozungulira. Pa maluwa amakongoletsedwa pang'ono maluwa achikasu achikasu.
Crocus cosmos. Amamera m'madambo a Africa osasunthika. Masamba ake ndi ocheperako komanso osalala. Pa inflorescence pali maluwa ang'onoang'ono a lalanje.
Chifukwa cha ntchito ya obereketsa, zotsatirazi zokongoletsa kwambiri za montbrecia zidabadwa:
- Crocosmia Lusifara - chomera chokhala ndi nthambi zazitali (mpaka 1.5 m) ndikuwotcha makwerero, pomwe masamba ofiira owala;
Crocosmia Lusifara - Emily Mackenzie - inflorescence yokhala ndi masamba a malalanje otuwa amatulutsa chitsamba pafupi 60 cm;
Emily Mackenzie - Mfumu yofiira - Maluwa ofiira owala ndi malalanje pakatikati pa inflorescence;
Mfumu yofiira - Mfumukazi ya Tangerine - Maluwa akuluakulu owala a lalanje amatulutsa tchire mpaka 1.2 m;
Mfumukazi ya Tangerine - Citronella - mbewuyo imakutidwa ndi mandimu achikasu osinthika;
Citronella - Nyenyezi ya Kummawa - mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya thermophilic yokhala ndi zazikulu (masentimita 10-12) yamaluwa apulosi-lalanje;
Nyenyezi ya Kummawa - George Davidson - chitsamba chobiriwira masamba obiriwira 60-70 masentimita kukwera ndi amber inflorescence.
George Davidson
Njira zolerera
Kufalitsa kwa Crocosmia kumachitika ndi njira za mbewu ndi masamba. Mbewu zimafesedwa mbande kuti mbeu yabwino ikakhazikike. Mu February, osakaniza peat, turf nthaka, mchenga ndi tsamba la humus amayikidwa m'mabokosi athyathyathya. Mbewu ziyenera kunyowa kwa tsiku limodzi m'madzi ofunda, omwe amasinthidwa kanayi. Bzalani pakuya kwa 3-5 mm. Chotetezacho chimakutidwa ndi galasi ndikuyikidwa m'chipinda chowala, chowala. Pambuyo pa masabata 1-2, mphukira zoyambirira zimawonekera. Zomera zazing'ono zimakulabe kunyumba mpaka Meyi. Mbande yolimba imayilidwa panja pomwe ngozi ya masika idzafika.
Njira yosavuta yolerera ndikugawa ma corm. Chaka chilichonse, mpaka ana asanu ndi mmodzi amakhala pamtengowo. Kuphatikiza apo, bulb ya amayi ikuthandizabe. Mu nthawi yophukira, masamba ake akauma kwathunthu, timatumba timakumba. Pakati pa Russia, amasungidwa mpaka kuphukira pamalo otentha pomwe chisanu sichilowa. Poika mbewu, mutha kugawa nsalu yotchinga m'magawo angapo, koma osabzala zipatso zake mokhazikika.
Nyengo yachisanu
Mababu amatha kuzizira bwino pansi ngati nthawi yozizira kutentha kwa mpweya sikutsika pansi -15 ° C. M'nyengo yozizira kwambiri, nthaka imakutidwa ndi nthambi za masamba, masamba owuma komanso filimu. M'madera omwe matalala amafika -30 ° C, ma corm amakumbidwa nthawi yozizira. Amamasulidwa pansi ndipo amasungidwa m'mabokosi amakhadilo pamtunda wosaposa + 10 ° C.
Kuchuluka chinyezi m'nthaka kumadzetsa vuto ku mizu. M'malo otsika, kuti mbewu zisanyowe, timalimbikitsidwanso kuti zikumbidwe.
Ngakhale ngati ng'ona imabisala panja, pakatha zaka 3-4 zilizonse, baka imafunika kukumba ndikugawikana. Popanda njirayi, mbewu zimayamba kukula pang'ono ndikuipiraipira.
Zosamalidwa
Crocosmia ndiwofatsa; kuisamalira pakakhala sikovuta. Chapakati pa Epulo, kutentha kwa nthaka kukafika + 6 ... + 10 ° C, ma corm amabzala m'malo dzuwa. Iyenera kutetezedwa bwino ku zolemba. Mababu abzalidwe mpaka akuya masentimita 8-10, ana 3-5 cm.Payenera kukhala mtunda wa 10-12 masentimita pakati pa mbewu.
Kuti mbewu zikule komanso kuphuka bwino, muyenera kuthilira magazi a khwangwala nthawi zonse. M'nthaka youma, chomera sichitha kukongoletsa. Ngati dzinja litakhala mvula, kuthirira kumachepetsa kapena kusiya. Kuti madzi asamayende m'nthaka ndipo mpweya umalowera kumizu, muyenera kumasula nthaka nthawi ndi nthawi.
Kuyambira koyambirira kwamasika, ng'ona zimafunikira chonde nthawi zonse. M'mwezi wa Epulo-Juni, katatu pamwezi, umapangidwira umuna ndi mavitamini angapo pamwamba (yankho lamadzi 1). Ndikulimbikitsidwa kusinthanitsa zachilengedwe ndi mankhwala achilengedwe. Pakubwera kwa masamba oyamba, feteleza wa nayitrogeni samachotsedwa. Kuti mababu okhwima bwino chisanu, maluwa osokera ayenera kudulidwa.
Mavuto omwe angakhalepo
Crocosmia imatha kudwala matenda oyamba ndi udzu ukadzala pamizu yodzala madzi. Kuthana ndi mankhwalawa kuthandizira kuthawa ku zowola. Komanso, maluwa amatha kudwala fusarium. Mababu amakhala amdima, ofewa komanso amtambo. Ndikosavuta kuwachiritsa, ndibwino kudzipatula ndikuwononga mbewu zomwe zakhudzidwa.
Ndi jaundice (udzu), mababu amasanduka achikasu ndikukhala wandiweyani. Amapanga mphukira zambiri ndi masamba owonda achikaso. Kumayambiriro kwa matendawa, kuwiritsa babu mpaka kutentha kwa + 45 ° C kumathandiza kuchira kwathunthu.
Mwa tizirombo tina timene timawononga nyanga, munthu amatha kusiyanitsa chimbalangondo ndi kupindika. Kukhazikika kwa dothi ndi kubzala zinthu kumawapulumutsa.
Gwiritsani ntchito pakupanga
Masikono a crocosmia amawoneka okongoletsa kwambiri. Zitha kubzalidwa m'magulu ang'onoang'ono komanso akuluakulu pamabedi az maluwa, pakati pa udzu kapena m'mphepete mwa mitengo. M'munda wamaluwa, chomeracho chimawoneka bwino kwambiri pafupi ndi rudbeckia, echinacea, salvia, ndi oimira banja la Lily.
Ma Crocosmia maulendo ataliitali owoneka bwino. Amayima mu vaseti yopitilira milungu iwiri ndipo pang'onopang'ono adzatsegulira masamba ochulukirapo.
