Mfundo zazikuluzikulu za feteleza wa tomato mu wowonjezera kutentha: nthawi, bwanji, ndi feteleza kuti apange?

Asanayambe wamaluwa, amene amasankha kukula tomato mu greenhouses, nthawi zonse amakhala ndi funso lovuta la momwe angadyetse chomera kuti chisamapweteke ndikupereka zokolola zabwino. Chowonadi ndichoti kuvala kotentha pamwamba kumakhala ndi makhalidwe ake enieni, ndipo pambali pake phwetekere ndi mbewu yopanda phindu yomwe imafuna nthawi zonse kusamalidwa ndipo imayenera kukhazikitsa zikhalidwe zabwino.

M'nkhani yomwe mungathe kuwerengera za kuveketsa kwa tomato panthawi yomera ndi kubzala mu wowonjezera kutentha, mwachitsanzo, kuchokera ku polycarbonate, komanso kusamalira tomato.

Mbali ndi kusiyana kwa kukula kwa tomato

• Kukula tomato mu wowonjezera kutentha kumadalira mitundu yosiyanasiyana. Zomera za greenhouses amasankha mitundu yomwe imadziwika ndi kukana matenda, mosavuta kulekerera kwa kutentha kwa kusintha ndi kusowa kwauni. Mitengo yochepa kwambiri imakhala yabwino kwa malo obiriwira a nyengo, ndi mitundu yayitali kwa zipinda zazikulu.
• Kukonzekera dothi kumachitika pasadakhale. Amafunika kuyaka, popanda kutentha, zitseko ndi mawindo amatsekedwa mwamphamvu, ndipo nthaka imamasulidwa. Kutentha kwa dothi kwa kubzala ndi madigiri 10.
• Kubzala mbande kumachita masiku makumi asanu mutamera. Mu nthaka isanafike madzi, maenje amapangidwa, supuni ya feteleza yamchere imatayidwa pamenepo, imatsanulidwa ndi potaziyamu permanganate, ndipo tomato amabzalidwa. Musanadzalemo, masamba apansi amachotsedwa ku mbande.
• Kutentha koyenera - madigiri 23-26, chakudya cha panthawi yake ndi kuthirira nthawi zonse - chisamaliro chachikulu cha chikhalidwe ichi. Kwa ulimi wothirira ndi bwino kugwiritsira ntchito machitidwe apadera: mvula, kuyanika, subsurface.

Kufunika kwa zinthu zapadera

Manyowa a tomato ndi amchere ndi organic, amagwiritsidwa ntchito muuma, madzi kapena theka-madzi. Mankhwalawa amadziwika mobwerezabwereza komanso m'njira zosiyanasiyana.

Macro ndi kufufuza zinthu

Palemba. Zosakaniza zomwe zimapezeka ndi tomato mu wowonjezera kutentha ndi nayitrogeni, potaziyamu, ndi phosphorous.

1. Manyowa osakaniza omwe ali ndi udindo wopititsa patsogolo masamba ndi tsinde. Ndikofunika kusunga chizoloŵezi: Pamene masamba a kusowa kwa nayitrogeni adzakhala ochepa komanso otsika, ndipo powonjezera iwo amakula kwambiri, kuonjezera mbali zosafunika, zomwe zidzakulitsa kukula kwa zipatso zokha.
2. Phosphorus kumalimbitsa kukana kwa zomera ku matenda ndi tizirombo. Zomwe zili phosphorous zokwanira zimathandiza kupanga mapangidwe ndi kulimbikitsa mizu, komanso imathandizira kupanga mapangidwe. Kuchuluka kwa phosphorous kumakhudza kupanga zinki. Mukhoza kudziwa zambiri za feteleza phosphate pano.
3. Potaziyamu imathamanga ndipo imathandizira kukonzanso, imathandizira kulenga chitetezo chokwanira kutsutsana ndi matenda a fungal omwe ali ofanana ndi greenhouses. Kuphatikiza apo, potaziyamu imapanga chikhalidwe cha kukana zovuta.

Zakudya zitatu izi ndizofunikira kwambiri m'thupi la tomato wowonjezera kutentha. Iwo ali ndi udindo wopanga mbali zamlengalenga za chomera ndi kukoma kwa chipatso. Zotsatira za kusamalika kokwanira kwa aliyense wa iwo ndi zokolola zakugwa. Kuphatikiza pa zolemba zazikulu, kufufuza zinthu zimakhudzanso kukula ndi kukula kwa tomato.

1. Boron omwe ali ndi udindo wopanga ndi kukula kwa zipatso zamatumbo, ndipo amagwiritsidwanso ntchito pochiza matenda osiyanasiyana. Zimathandiza kulimbitsa chitetezo cha chikhalidwe.
2. Manganese omwe ali ndi udindo wochita zithunzithunzi, zomwe ndi zofunika kwambiri pazomera. Pokhapokha padzakhala chivundikiro cha tsamba la tomato, ndi mawanga owuma omwe amawonekera pa masamba.
3. Zinc amatenga nawo mbali pa kusinthanitsa kwa zakudya ndi biosynthesis ya mavitamini, mofanana amadyetsa zomera ndi zokongoletsa pamwamba.
4. Magesizi imachepetsanso njira yopanga chlorophyll. Ndikofunika kuti feteleza ili ndi molybdenum, chifukwa imayendetsa kusinthanitsa kwa macronutrients.
5. Sulfure amachititsa kaphatikizidwe ka amino acid, ndiyeno mapuloteni. Amagawira ndi kutumiza zinthu zopindulitsa pa zomera zonse.
6. Kukhalapo kwa calcium yokwanira M'nthaka ndizofunikira, chifukwa zimalimbikitsa kuwonetsetsa kwa zinthu komanso kusinthanitsa zinthu zothandiza.

Ndi liti, feteleza amagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi chiyani amadya molingana ndi chitukuko?

Ndondomeko yotsekedwa

Kudyetsa wowonjezera kutentha pa nyengo, feteleza amagwiritsidwa ntchito katatu.

• Nthawi yoyamba - masabata awiri mutatha kusamutsidwa kwa mbande pansi pa pogona.

  Kuti muchite izi, konzekerani pulogalamuyi: 200 g wa ammonium nitrate, 500 g ya double superphosphate ndi 100 g ya potaziyamu kloride imaimitsidwa mu 100 malita a madzi.

• Kudyetsa kachiwiri yopangidwa panthawi yopanga ovary.

  Njira yothetsera vutoli imachepetsedwa mu 100 malita a madzi, 300 g ya potaziyamu nitrate ndi 800 g ya superphosphate akuwonjezeredwa. Kusakaniza kumathiridwa mwachindunji pansi pazu wa tchire.

• Kwa nthawi yachitatu tomato wowonjezera amatenthedwa akakhwima.

  400 g ya nitrate ya potaziyamu ndi 400 g ya superphosphate amaponyedwa mumtambo womwewo wa madzi.

Njira yoyamba mu kumera kwa mbewu

Mitundu yonse ya mitundu yowakanizidwa, yomwe imagulidwa m'masitolo apadera, imayambitsidwa nthawi yambiri. Amadonthola ndipo amamera mu nthaka yokonzekera kumera. Ngati mbewu sizinagulidwe, koma zimasonkhanitsidwa, zimatetezedwa ndi disinfected potassium permanganate.

• Chovala choyamba chapamwamba chimachitika mutatha kutola, choncho, zakudya zimaphatikizidwa mu gawo la mbeu. Pamaso pa feteleza yoyamba, zimamera kudyetsa zomwe zili ndi dothi.
• Patatha milungu iwiri, ntchito yoyamba feteleza imapezeka. Pachifukwa ichi, makina omwe ali ndi macro- ndi microelements amagwiritsidwa ntchito. Sankhani mawonekedwe a tsatanetsatane wa zinthu: amaswa mu particles zomwe achinyamata amatha kuzimvetsa. Ngati mawonekedwewa ndi sulphate, ziphuphu zazing'ono sizimayesa zowonongeka.
• Kudyetsa chakudya choyamba kukutsatira kukula ndi chitukuko cha chikhalidwe, ndi kuchepa kwa kukula pambuyo pa masiku khumi, kubwereza ndondomekoyi. Kusakaniza kosakanizidwa kungathetsedwe ndi yankho: 3 g ya potaziyamu, 8 g wa superphosphate, 1 g ya nitrate amaponyedwa mu lita imodzi ya madzi. Kudyetsa chitsamba chilichonse kumatengera 500 g ya maonekedwe.

Kuonjezerapo, mungathe kuphunzira za kudyetsa mbande za tomato apa, ndipo apa tawuza momwe tingachitire izi musanayambe ndi pambuyo pokusankha.

Pamene tikufika

Musanabzala mu wowonjezera kutentha, dothi limakonzeka, dothi lopweteka ndi phulusa limaphatikizidwira pa zitsime zazing'ono (zomwe zili ndi zinthu zofunika kwambiri). Manyowa amchere sangathe kutsanulidwa m'mitsime, kulemera kwakukulu kumayambitsa mizu, mofanana ndi manyowa kapena humus.

Titatha

Ndibwino kuti muwakhudze ndi kulowetsedwa kwa zitsamba zosweka (nettle, plantain) mwamsanga mutabzala. Phulusa la phulusa ndi mullein limaphatikizidwira ku udzu, zonse zimasakanizidwa, ndipo patapita masiku angapo zimadzipukutidwa ndi madzi mu chiŵerengero cha 1: 8. Pamene kuthirira mowa ndi 2 malita pa chitsamba.

Tomato pachimake

Panthawi imeneyi, chikhalidwe chikusoŵa pang'onopang'ono ndi phosphorous, ndipo nayitrojeni pa nthawiyo ndi yokwanira. N'zosatheka kuwonjezera tomato kuti urea. Pamene maluwa, potashi ndi feteleza phosphate zidzakhala zabwino kwambiri. Manyowa ogwiritsidwa ntchito pofuna kulimbikitsa kukula. Izi zimaphatikizapo yisiti, boric acid. Kuphatikiza apo, asidi a boric ndi ofunika kuti athetse vuto lochedwa.

Njira yothetsera: 10 g ya mankhwalayo imaponyedwa mu malita 10 a madzi otentha. Pamene madzi asefukira, tomato amathiridwa, ndipo pafupifupi 100 ml ya madzi amawonongedwa pa mita imodzi iliyonse.

Ndikofunikira! Kuonjezera zokolola mu wowonjezera kutentha ndikofunikira kuti pakhale kuyambitsa pollination. Kuonjezera chiwerengero cha mazira, chipinda chimayambira ndipo mababuwo akufalikira akugwedezeka nthawi zonse; kugwedeza kotereku kumalimbikitsa kusintha kwa mungu kumapiri oyandikana nawo.

Foliar feteleza

Mwa mankhwala opatsirana amaphatikizapo kupopera mbewu za m'mlengalenga. Kupyolera mu masamba, chomeracho chimathamanga mwamsanga zinthu zofunika. Njirayi imagwiritsidwa ntchito kuti tikwaniritse zotsatira zofunikila mu nthawi yochepa. Pachifukwa ichi, zothetserazi zisamangidwe.

Manyowa amchere amagwiritsidwanso ntchito pouma, kuwabalalitsa pa nthaka yonyowa. Pa nthawi ya maluwa kwa tomato ndi bwino kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala wamba - phulusa ndi madzi (2 makapu a phulusa pa 10 malita a madzi); mkuwa sulphate ndi sanphate ya manganese 1: 2. Mankhwalawa amachitika mvula kuti asamawotchedwe.

Zambiri zokhudzana ndi zakudya zamagetsi zimapezeka pano.

Momwe mungazindikire kufunikira kwa kudyetsa foliar?

Kulephera kwa chigawo chilichonse chiri ndi zizindikiro zake.

1. Pokhala ndi vuto la boron, pali kupotoka kwa pamwamba pa chitsamba, maonekedwe a bulauni pa chipatso ndi chikasu pansi pa mphukira.
2. Popanda zinc, masamba ang'onoang'ono amawoneka ndi mawanga ofiira, pang'onopang'ono akudzaza tsamba lonse, ndi zina monga kutentha kwa dzuwa.
3. Ngati magnesium siilipo, masamba pakati pa mitsempha amatembenukira chikasu kapena kusungunula.
4. Ndi kusowa kwa molybdenum masamba azipiringa, pali zizindikiro za chlorosis.
5. Ngati palibe calcium yokwanira, pali kusintha kwina m'masamba aang'ono, nsonga zawo zouma, ndiyeno tsamba lonse la masamba, pamene masamba akale akukula ndi mdima. Nsonga za zipatso zimayamba kuvunda, ndipo popanda kusowa kashiamu, pamwamba pa chitsamba chimatha kufa.
6. Kuperewera kwa sulfure kumapereka kwambiri wochepa kwambiri, masamba amachititsa kuwala kobiriwira ndipo pang'onopang'ono kutembenukira chikasu.
7. Ngati palibe chitsulo, choyamba, masamba omwe ali pansi amawoneka achikasu, kenako amatembenukira oyera ndi mitsempha yobiriwira.
8. Kuperewera kwa manganese kuli ndi zizindikiro zofanana, koma chikasu sichiwoneka pansi, koma chimagawidwa mwachisawawa.
9. Ndi kusowa nayitrogeni chitsamba kuuma mofulumira, kuyambira ndi m'munsi masamba.
10. Kulephera kwa phosphorous kumapatsa chomera mtundu wofiirira, ngati kusowa kwachabechabe, tsinde ndi gawo lochepa la chitsamba limapeza kusowa kwa phokoso lofiirira.
11. Kusowa kwa potaziyamu kumabweretsa mavuto osauka komanso ochepera ochepa.

Kudzaza kusowa kwa zakudya

• Monga chotsitsimutsa kukula, yisiti yamba imakhala yabwino, imadzaza phwetekere ndi zinthu zothandiza ndikulimbikitsa chitetezo cha mthupi. Kuti mutenge yankho:
  1. thumba kakang'ono ka yisiti;
  2. 2 tbsp. l shuga;
  3. madzi ena ofunda kuti awononge izo zonse;
  4. Unyinji umachepetsedwa ndi malita 10 a madzi; theka la lita imodzi ya madzi amafunikira pa chomera chilichonse.
• Kamodzi kapena kawiri pa nyengo, tomato amadyetsedwa ndi ayodini. Kwa malita 100 a madzi, madontho 40 amafunikira, tchire zimayambika kwambiri, 2 malita aliwonse. pa chitsamba.
• Ndikofunika kupanga mankhwala a foliar ndi phulusa pamtundu uliwonse wa kukula, kugwiritsiridwa ntchito kwa zofananazo ndi zofanana ndi zomwe zinachitika kale. Yankho liri ndi magalasi 10 a phulusa pa 100 malita a madzi.

Pomalizira, tiyenera kuzindikira kuti nthawi zonse feteleza ya tomato imakhala yofunikira, monga kuthirira ndi kupalira. Kuwonjezera pa kugula kwa zovuta feteleza, mugwiritsenso ntchito mapangidwe opangidwa kuchokera ku njira zopindulitsa. Inde, muyenera kudziwa chiyeso, chifukwa kuchuluka kwa feteleza feteleza kumabweretsa kuwonongeka kwa kukoma kwa tomato.