Dziko lakwawo lachitsamba chokongola ndi masamba osakhwima, akuluakulu a maonekedwe okongola kwambiri ndi otentha ku Southeast Asia.
Coleus ndi wa banja la Labiaceae ndipo m'chilengedwe muli mitundu yoposa 150.
Abusa sanamunyalanyaze, chifukwa cha mitundu yambiri ya hybrid inawonekera.
Kulongosola kwakukulu kwa zomera
Kunja, ndi ofanana kwambiri ndi nettlekoma masamba ake ali ndi velvety pamwamba ndipo amasangalatsa kukhudza. Iye amayenera chikondi cha alimi a maluwa ndi mtundu wowala ndi wosiyanasiyana wa masamba, omwe amapanga maziko a kukongoletsa kwake kwenikweni.
Kuchokera ku mitundu ina ya "Chinjoka Chofiira" chimadziwika ndi mtundu wofiira kwambiri wa masamba ofiira, womwe umapatsa ulemerero ndi chinsinsi china.
Maonekedwe a masamba amasiyanitsa ndi mitundu ina. Iwo ali ndi mawonekedwe owombera ndi mano aakulu aakulu pamphepete. Kuti mudziwe zambiri za mtundu wa chomera Coleus ndi mitundu yake, werengani nkhani yathu.
Ngakhale kuti chiyambi chake chakumadera otentha, sichimafuna kulenga zinthu zomwe zimakhala zobiriwira ndipo zimamveka bwino kunyumba ndi kunja, ngakhale kutentha kwa madigiri 16.
Chithunzi
Chithunzicho chimasonyeza chomera cha Coleus "Black Dragon" mosamala bwino kunyumba:
Kusamalira kwanu
Kusamalira Coleus kunyumba ndi kophweka ndipo sikufuna khama lalikulu.
Zotsatira zogula
Kugula Coleus mu sitolo yomwe muyenera kutsatira malamulo ochepa:
- Chitani bwino kumayambiriro kwa masika
- Kugula chomera osati ndi tsamba limodzi lophuka, koma ndi korona wabwino;
- Musagule chomera mu maluwa;
- Fufuzani mosamala matenda ndi tizirombo.
Mutatha kugula, mukhoza kuchoka mumphika womwewongati sizing'onozing'ono kwa iye (mizu siimatuluka kunja kwa chitsime) ndipo ngati siyimenenso zimatumizidwa. Kwa iwo, kawirikawiri amagwiritsa ntchito nthaka yamtundu, osati yoyenera kulima.
Kuunikira
Coleus ambiri ndi ofunikirakoma dzuwa likhoza kutuluka pamoto wawo. Kum'mwera chakumadzulo kapena kum'mwera chakum'mawa kwa nyumbayi kumakhala koyenera kwambiri. M'maola otentha a masana ndi bwino kuzigwiritsa ntchito.
Kuti mupange korona ndi tsamba yunifolomu yamitundu, nthawi ndi nthawi muyenera kutembenuza mphika ku kuwala kumbali zosiyanasiyana.
M'nyengo yozizira, amafunikira kuwala koyera, mwinamwake idzatambasula kwambiri, ndipo masamba adzatha.
Kutentha
Pa kukula kwachangu duwa limasowa kutentha kosachepera madigiri 20. Iye sadzachoka pa 12, koma m'nyengo yozizira, pamene ali pogona.
Kuthirira
Coleus amakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi kusowa kwa chinyezi, amayamba kuchepetsa masamba ndipo akhoza kuwatsanulira pamene zouma. M'chilimwe, pamene mbewu ikukula, iyenera kuthiriridwa posangomaliza pamene dothi la pamwamba likutha. M'nyengo yozizira, kuthirira sikuposa 1-2 pa sabata.
Kutentha kwa mpweya
Kutentha kwapamwamba ndi chofunikira kuti chitukuko chabwino chitukuke. Amafuna kupopera mankhwala mobwerezabwereza - mpaka kawiri pa tsiku m'chilimwe. Mukhoza kuika mphika naye mu thireyi ndi miyala yowonongeka kapena kuyika chidebe pafupi ndi duwa.
Nthaka
Coleus iyenerana ndi nthaka iliyonse yachonde, bola ngati itayidwa bwino ndi kumasuka. Kawirikawiri amagwiritsa ntchito chisakanizo cha pepala, nkhuni ndi malo okhala ndi mchenga.
Kupaka pamwamba
Kuti pakhale kukongola ndi kukongoletsa kwa masamba, duwa liyenera kudyetsedwa, makamaka masika ndi chilimwe.
Manyowa amchere omwe ali ndi potaziyamu akuphatikiza bwino ndi zinthu zofunikira.
Nayitrogeni ndi chinthu chofunika kwambiri pakulera feteleza, chifukwa chimayambitsa kuwala kwa tsamba la tsamba.
Coleus ayenera kudyetsedwa kamodzi pa sabata, pamene ikukula, ndi kamodzi pa mwezi kugwa ndi m'nyengo yozizira.
Ndikofunikira! M'nyengo yozizira, mchere wa feteleza uyenera kukhala theka.
Kufika kunyumba ndi kumunda
Kubzala kungakhoze kuchitika ngati mbewu ndi cuttings. Zimapangidwa kumayambiriro kwa masika. Mbewu zimamera msanga, ndipo pakapita miyezi yochepa mbewu imakondwera ndi masamba ake okongola.
Chifukwa cha kutentha kwake, Coleus salola kuti kutentha kwambiri kukhale kotsika kwambiri, choncho, ndikofunika kudzabzala m'munda pokhapokha mutatha kuumitsa ndi kulowa pansi pano. Malo otsetsereka ayenera kukhala opanda mphamvu komanso otetezedwa pang'ono ku dzuwa lomwe liri ndi mthunzi wotseguka.
Kuwaza
Ngati Coleus akukula ngati chomera chosatha, ndiye kuti amafunika kuika 1 nthawi 2 zaka. Zimatha pamene chomera chimakhala chodzaza. Muyenera kutenga mphika waukulu, kukonzekera gawo latsopano ndikusuntha chomeracho.
Kudulira
Maluwa amafoola kwambiri zomera. Peduncles ayenera kukonzedwa mwamsanga pamene iwo awonekera. Anachotsanso mphukira yaitali. Pofuna kubzala chitsamba chabwino, amathira pamwamba. Pakatikati podulidula maluwa ndifunikanso.
Kukula kuchokera ku mbewu
Coleus amafalitsidwa bwino ndi mbewu.
Nkhumba zing'onozing'ono zimasakanizidwa pa nthaka yosanjikiza ndi kuwaza mchenga pamwamba.
Nthaka iyenera kukhala yonyowa.
Mphukira zoyamba zimaoneka patatha masiku 15-20 ndipo zimakhala mu chidebe pamtunda wa masentimita awiri kuchokera kwa wina ndi mnzake.
Ndi maonekedwe a 1-2 awiriawiri a masamba, amamera swoop m'miphika yaing'ono 7 masentimita awiri.
Patangotha mwezi umodzi, amachotsedwa ku miphika yayikulu (9-11 cm).
Kusamaliranso kwa iwo, monga chomera chachikulu.
Ndikofunikira! Zokongoletsera za zomera zatsopano zikuwoneka miyezi 5-6 mutabzala mbewu.
Kuswana
Kuwonjezera pa mbewu, coleus amafalitsidwa ndi cuttings. Amatha kutengedwa pamene akudulira mbewu kumapeto kwa February. Cuttings ndi m'munsi masamba achotsedwa amamizidwa m'madzi. Pamene mizu imawoneka, imabzalidwa mu gawo lokonzekera bwino m'miphika yaing'ono. Kutentha kumakhala - pafupifupi madigiri 18. Pakuti maluwa amkati amadziwika ndi kukula msanga, kotero patatha miyezi 2-3 imakula korona wabwino ndi masamba akulu.
Madalitso
Coleus akuchiritsa katundu ndipo akhoza kuonedwa ngati chomera cha mankhwala. Mu mphamvuyi, mizu yake imagwiritsidwa ntchito. Chinthu chomwe chili mu forskolin chimalimbikitsa kutaya mavitamini, kumayambitsa kagayidwe kamene kamakhala ndi mphamvu.
Muzu wa chomera umatsukidwa bwino, wouma ndi wosweka. Anasungidwa mu mtsuko wa galasi ndipo amadya ndi chakudya ngati pakufunika.
Matenda ndi tizirombo
Monga chomera chilichonse, coleus amayamba kudwala matenda ndipo akhoza kuonongeka ndi tizirombo.
Nthawi zina, Coleus amatha kupweteka:
- Mpweya wouma kwambiri. Dulani - bulauni mawanga pa masamba. Ndikofunika kuwonjezera chinyezi cha mlengalenga;
- Kutaya mphamvu. Chizindikiro - mtundu wotsika ndi subsidence m'munsi masamba. Ndikofunika kudyetsa chomera ndi organic feteleza;
- Kuthira kwambiri kapena madzi okwanira. Chizindikiro - Kufewetsa tsinde ndi masamba chifukwa chake;
- Mizu yozungulira. Muyenera kukhala ndi cardinal kudulira kapena kumera chomera chatsopano.
Tizilombo toopsa kwambiri - Ndi aphid, kangaude mite ndi mealybug. Mukhoza kuwachotsa pogwiritsa ntchito sopo yankho (yambani masamba ndi siponji yonyowa pokonza tizilombo) ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda.
Zopindulitsa zapadera mwa mawonekedwe a kusamalidwa ndi kukongola kwa masamba a Black Dragon coleus zimapangitsa kukhala okongola kwa wamaluwa wamaluwa.
