Amuna a zipatso zazikulu za strawberries adzakondwera ndi Eliana. Anamenyedwa ku munda wamaluwa ku Holland. Mu nyengo yam'mlengalenga, mbewu yotere imamva bwino.
M'nkhaniyi tidzakambirana za sayansi ya kukula kwa strawberries Eliana, kufotokozera zosiyanasiyana ndi zithunzi ndikufotokozera zochitika za teknoloji zaulimi za mbewuyi.
Zotsatira zam'kalasi
Eliana - zokhala ndi mungu wosiyanasiyana, zomwe zipatso zake zimabala mofulumira komanso mofanana. Mitengoyi imakhala yofiira kwambiri, imakhala yofiira (kuchokera 20 g mpaka 90 g), yowala, yoboola. Mapira a chipatso ndi owopsa, ali ndi fungo lokoma ndi lokoma kukoma.
Mpaka 2 kg ya zipatso zabwino zimatha kusankhidwa kuchokera ku shrub imodzi, yomwe imasungidwa mufiriji kwa milungu ingapo ndipo ndi yosavuta kunyamula.
Ndikofunikira! Strawberry "Eliana" amatanthauza mitundu yomwe imalekerera nyengo yozizira frosts ndipo siimathandiza kuti tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ndi powdery mildew.
Tekeni yamakono
Ponena za zosiyanasiyana za Eliana munda strawberries, tiyenera kuzindikira kuti teknoloji ya kubzala ndi kusamalira mbewu chotero si yosiyana kwambiri ndi mitundu yambiri ya strawberries, koma ili ndi zofunikira zina.
Kodi kusankha mbande
Gulani mbande za sitiroberi zingakhale kuyambira July kufikira mochedwa September. Komanso imagulitsidwa m'chaka.
Malingana ndi malingaliro a wamaluwa, ndi bwino kugula mbande mu July. Panthawiyi, mtengo wa mphukira ndi waukulu, koma pobzala, ukhoza kutsimikiza kuti chomeracho chidzakhala ndi nthawi yokhala pansi ndikupanga maluwa, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti chaka chamawa mutha kukolola bwino.
Onani mitundu ina ya sitiroberi yotchuka, monga "Mfumukazi Elizabeti", "Albion", "Marshal", "Asia", "Ambuye", "Gigantella", "Elsanta", "Masha", "Russian Size", " Maxim, Phwando, Chamora Turusi, Zeng Zengana.
Mukhoza kugula mbande kumapeto kwa chilimwe, ndipo ngakhale m'dzinja. Zidzakhala zotsika mtengo, koma strawberries sangakhale ndi nthawi yozika mizu m'malo atsopano, omwe angapangitse zokolola zochepa nyengo yotsatira. Zomera zofooka sizikhoza kukhalabe m'nyengo yozizira, makamaka ngati kutentha kuli kovuta.
Mukhoza kugula mbande masika. Koma ngati ali oyambirira kudzala sitiroberi m'nthaka ndikuzipereka mosamala, zokolola zidzakhala zapamwamba. Amagulitsidwa ndi mizu yotseguka komanso yotseka. Kumayambiriro kwa kasupe kumakhala ndi zinthu zabwino zowonjezera mizu ya tchire, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti strawberries idzakhazikika pansi mofulumira.
Ubwino wa mbande ndi wofunikira kwambiri, choncho wolima munda ayenera kuphunzira kulondola zomera zowona bwino komanso zopweteka. Simungagule mbande, masamba omwe muli mawanga ndi madontho a mdima. Masamba a masamba angakhalenso chizindikiro cha matendawa. Chizindikiro chodziwika bwino cha miteti ya padziko lapansi chikufalikira pa masamba aang'ono, mbande zoterezi ziyenera kupeĊµedwanso.
Zingakhale zothandiza kuti mudziwe mmene mungamere ndi kusamalira strawberries.
Mbeu zathanzi zimakhala ndi zobiriwira zobiriwira, zooneka bwino za pubescence. Muyeneranso kumvetsera kuphungu kwa lipenga, komwe zipatso za sitiroberi zimadalira mwachindunji. Kutalika ndi pafupi 0.7-0.8 masentimita. Mizu ya zomera iyenera kukhala hydrated.
Ndi bwino kugula mbande za sitiroberi kwa Eliana kuchokera kwa ogulitsa odalirika amene akhala akugwira ntchito ndi mbewuyi kwa zaka ndikulemekeza mbiri yawo.
Mukudziwa? Froberberries inabweretsedwa ku kontinenti yathu kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 1900 kuchokera ku South America. Koma makolo athu adasonkhanitsa zinyama zakutchire zakale zapitazo.
Nthawi komanso kumene kudzala mabulosi
Ndi bwino kubzala strawberries mitundu Eliana m'madera ndi mapepala apakati kapena ochepa. Mchenga, loamy ndi dothi laling'ono la acidic lidzachita.. M'chaka, muyenera kukumba bedi, kupanga pafupifupi 30 makilogalamu a feteleza mchere ndi pafupifupi 5 makilogalamu a organic matter pa mita imodzi.
Kubzala strawberries kumalimbikitsidwa m'chaka, kuyambira kuyambira April mpaka pakati pa May. Panthawiyi, nthaka imakhala yonyowa. Ngati kukwera kudzakhala kugwa, ndiye nthawi yabwino - kuyambira pakati pa August mpaka September 10, kotero kuti tchire anali ndi nthawi yokhala pansi pamaso isanayambike ozizira nyengo.
Werengani za momwe mungapangire bedi lapamwamba-piramidi kwa strawberries anu ndi manja anu.
Ndondomeko yobzala mbande pamalo otseguka
Mbande kawirikawiri zimabzalidwa mu nthaka m'njira ziwiri:
- Shrub. Zomera zimabzalidwa pamtunda wa pafupifupi 15-25 masentimita. Mafolosi ayenera kuchotsedwa ku tchire katatu pa nyengo. Mtunda pakati pa mizere iyenera kukhala kuyambira 40 mpaka 60 masentimita.
- Dulani. Kusankha njira yotere, tchire amafesedwa pamtunda wa masentimita 20 mpaka 30. Kuti mphukira ndi zitsulo zikhale ndi mizu 90 cm pakati pa mizere, chigawo cha 50 cm chatsalira. kuti muzuke mizu yonse motsatira njira ya mzere komanso motsatira mzere wake. Kenako pang'onopang'ono muzisintha matayala kuti muzitsatira zigawozi.
Ndikofunikira! Kupereka ndi njira izi zolowera ndi zofanana. Koma posankha chitsamba, zipatso zidzakula, chifukwa chomera sichiyenera kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zawo pa mbande.
Mmene mungasamalire zosiyanasiyana Eliana
Kusamalira mitundu ya strawberries Eliana ndi ofunika, koma panthawi yofanana. Ndikwanira nthawi zonse kuthirira madzi, nthawi zina kufesa ndi kuyang'anira kusakhala namsongole m'munda.
Kuthirira, kuyanika ndi kumasula nthaka
Kodi ndi nthawi yanji komanso kuthirira madzi chodalira molingana ndi nyengo yamakono? Ngati palibe dothi ndipo dothi louma, strawberries amafunika kuthiriridwa. Zabwino kwambiri m'maĊµa oyambirirawa.
Mpaka maluwa oyambirira akuwonekera, mbewuyo ikhoza kuthiriridwa ndi kuthirira. Pakuchita izi padzakhala nthawi yomweyo yatsuka masamba ku dothi ndi fumbi. Pamene maluwawo akuwonekera, muyenera kutsanulira madzi pansi pa chitsamba, kuteteza madzi kuti asalowe maluwa.
Pamene kutentha kunja kwawindo, kuthirira kumachitika kamodzi pa sabata, malingana ndi kuchuluka kwa 10 malita pa mita imodzi iliyonse. Zipatso zitayamba kuoneka, kumwa madzi nthawi zambiri kumachepetsedwa. Madzi sayenera kutsanuliridwa pa zipatso, kuti asayambe kuvunda.
Ndikofunikira! Madzi a ulimi wothirira ayenera kukhala ofunda, chifukwa kuzizira kumakhudza kwambiri kukula kwa mbande.
Ndikofunika kuchotsa namsongole pamtunda musanayambe kubzala mbande pansi.. Ndiye, monga zatsopano zikuwonekera, tidzafunanso kuwasamalira. Njira zoterezi ndizofunikira chifukwa chakuti mbeu zowonjezera pa tsambali zidzachotsa zakudya zamtundu ndi chinyezi, potero zimalepheretsa kuti strawberries zisamakhale bwino. Kutsegula dothi kuyenera kuchitidwa mozama pafupifupi masentimita 10. Mizu ya namsongole imachotsedwera ndikuchotsedwa pa tsamba.
Olima munda, omwe ali ndi chiwembu chokwanira adzabzalidwa ndi strawberries ndi weeding adzatenga nthawi yayitali, agwiritsireni ntchito herbicides kuti athetse namsongole. Amatha kupopera nthaka kwa milungu iwiri asanadzalemo.
Mukudziwa? Malinga ndi asayansi, kuchuluka kwa mavitamini mu strawberries kumadalira mwachindunji mtundu wake - kuunika mthunzi, chipatso chothandiza kwambiri.
Feteleza
Kufunika kwa strawberries kwa feteleza kumadalira nthawi, nthaka, nyengo, etc. Zinyama zazing'ono zimafuna madzi ambiri panthawi yopanga nyemba. Koma zomera zazikulu, zimamera pa siteji ya mapangidwe.
Pamene zokolola zasonkhanitsidwa, mutha kubzala sitiroberi, chifukwa tsopano mizu yatsopano imayamba kukula, chitsamba chomwecho chidzakhala chokonzekera m'nyengo yozizira, chomwe chimafuna zakudya.
Kuti chomera chikhale ndi kubereka zipatso molondola, chiyenera kuperekedwa ndi microfertilizers, mineral zinthu ndi organic kanthu. Ndizofunikira kwambiri kwa mankhwalawa ndi zinthu zovuta zomwe zimawonekera.
Pankhani ya organic, ndizotheka kugwiritsa ntchito pereparely peat kompositi ndi humus. Kuchuluka kwa feteleza kumadalira mwachindunji kubzala kwa nthaka, nyengo ya nyengo ndi dziko la zomera. Kawirikawiri, izo zimatenga kuchokera ku 15 mpaka 25 makilogalamu a fetereza pa 10 mita mamita.
Mukudziwa? Anthu ambiri amamva zowawa chifukwa cha mtundu uliwonse wa sitiroberi. Kusokoneza zotsatira zake zoipa kumathandiza mkaka, womwe ukhoza kumamwa mabulosi, kapena kukonzekera mbale yonse, yomwe imaphatikizapo zinthu zonse.
Strawberry mulching
Pofuna kuti asamere namsongole, nthaka inali yotenthedwa bwino, ndipo chinyezicho chinachoka pang'onopang'ono, malowa amatha.
Atalima tchire pansi, nthaka ili ndi filimu yakuda ndipo yasiyidwa nthawi yonse yakugona.
Komanso fufuzani chifukwa chake mukufunikira mulch pamene mukukula strawberries ndi bwino mulch zitsamba.
Zipatso zitatha, nthaka ikhoza kuphimbidwa ndi utuchi kapena udzu. Mutatha kusonkhanitsa zipatso, masamba a mmerawo amatchetchedwa, ndipo mulch amangoikidwa m'mabedi.
Kuchiza ndi matenda
Palinso matenda ndi tizilombo toononga omwe ndi owopsa kwa strawberries. Ganizirani njira zomwe mungagwirizane nazo.
- Sungani chonchi. Uyu ndi mdani wamkulu wa strawberries. Amatha kugunda masamba, zomwe zimakhala ndi chikasu chachikasu. Zipatso zimakula zochepa. Mutatha kukolola, m'pofunika kuchitira chomeracho ndi karbofos kuti muchotse tizilombo toyambitsa matendawa.
- Strawberry kachilomboka, whitefly, weevil. Kuchotsa izo kudzathandiza karbofos ndi aktar.
- Nematodes. Tizilombo timene timakhala m'mamasamba ndipo timatha kugunda. Masambawo amakhala mdima, zipatso zimasiya kukula ndi kukula. Zitsamba zotere sizingathetsedwe, ziyenera kuchotsedwa pa tsamba.
- Ants Kuti muwatulutse kunja kwa munda, muyenera kuwaza ndi soda.
- Grey kuvunda. Matenda omwe amadziwonetsera ngati mawanga ndi kukhudza imvi zomwe zimakhudza zipatso, masamba ndi masamba. Pofuna kupewa vutoli, muyenera kukolola nthawi, kuchotsani namsongole m'munda. Ngati chiwopsezo chachitika, matabwawa akuwonongedwa.
- Kuwonongeka kochedwa. Izi zodabwitsa kwambiri zimachepetsa kukula kwa mbewu, imvi masamba anayamba kuonekera, strawberries akhoza kufa. Ndikofunika kuthana ndi vutoli pozembetsa nthaka nthawi zonse. Zizindikiro zoyamba za matendawa zitangoyamba, tchire lomwe likhudzidwa liyenera kuchotsedwa.
Ndikofunika kuyamba kumenyana ndi tizirombo ngakhale kugwa, kuchiza ndi kupiritsa mankhwala m'nthaka. Kuphatikiza kwa dziko lapansi ndi filimu, komanso kuchotsedwa kwa namsongole, kumathandizira izi. Masamba owuma ayenera kuchotsedwa m'munda.
Kucheka ndevu ndi masamba
Funso la kuchepetsa masharubu a strawberries lachititsa ambiri wamaluwa kukangana. Kugwiritsa ntchito njira zambiri kwa anthu ambiri n'zosakayikitsa, makamaka popeza ntchitoyi ndi yovuta komanso yosasangalatsa.
Masharubu a sitiroberi cultivar Eliana amafunika kuti abereke, choncho ngati pali chosowa, amasiyidwa. Koma izi ziyenera kuchitidwa, motsogoleredwa ndi ndondomekoyi, osati mwadongosolo. Onetsetsani kuti kudula ndevuzi ziyenera kukhala ndi zomera zobala zipatso. Izi ndi zofunika kuti minda ya amayi isatope, ndipo zokolola sizicheperachepera.
Kudulira ndevu za sitiroberi kumachitika m'mawa popanda mphepo. Simungathe kuzichotsa ndi manja anu, muyenera kugwiritsa ntchito lumo kuti musamawononge mlimi. Pezani zitsulo zisakhale pazu, ndikusiya 3-4 masentimita.
Mitundu yonse ya sitiroberi kudulira kumatha mu August. Panthawi imeneyi, mukhoza kuphatikiza masharubu odzola ndi kuchotsa tsamba. Dulani masamba a sitiroberi ayenera kukhala pambuyo pa nthawi ya fruiting. Mlimiyo amasonkhanitsa ndevu zonse za masharubu ndi masamba a kuthengo ndipo amathyola, n'kusiya mapesi amfupi m'munda.
Kodi kukonzekera strawberries kwa dzinja
Chinthu choyamba chokonzekera pokonzekera strawberries m'nyengo yozizira ndikumangirira ndi mulch. Sitikufunikira kuti tisamalire panthawiyi, chifukwa mungathe kuwononga mizu, yomwe simudzakhala nayo nthawi yobwezeretsa chisanu. 
Bedi liri ndi zigawo zingapo zowonjezera. Mukhozanso kugwiritsa ntchito udzu, masamba, ngakhale masamba owuma a rasipiberi, ngati alipo. Zokhudza zipangizo zapangidwe, agrotex ndi agrofibre zidzakhala zoyenera, zomwe zidzasunga chinyezi pamtunda woyenera.
Ndikofunikira! Kuphika strawberries Eliana chifukwa cha wintering ayenera kukhala motalika isanafike isanayambike koyamba chisanu.
Eliana: ubwino ndi zovuta
Zosiyanasiyana za strawberries Eliana wotchuka kwambiri pakati pa wamaluwa. Ubwino wake umaphatikizapo kukana nyengo yovuta, kukwera mpikisano wokwanira, komanso kukwanitsa kusungira zipatso nthawi yaitali popanda kutaya khalidwe lawo.
Kuwonjezera pamenepo, zosiyanazi sizosamvetsetseka kwa nyengo ndi nthaka. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ndi matenda monga nkhungu, komanso amachititsa kuti nkhuku zisokonezeke.
Mitengo ya Strawberry Eliana zipatso zambiri pa chiwembu chomwecho kwa zaka zisanu ndi ziwiri mpaka zisanu ndi zitatu, popanda kutaya khalidwe ndi mlingo wa zokolola.
Zipatso za kukula kwakukulu, pamodzi zipse, zimakhala zokonda kwambiri. 
Zowononga - kusasalana kutentha. Ndiponso, ndi mvula yambiri komanso yamvula, zipatsozo zimakhala zosakoma.
Mitundu ya strawberry Eliana moyenerera amayenera kutchuka. Ndi zophweka kukula, ndipo nthawi yokolola imakhala yochuluka komanso yapamwamba kwambiri.
