Kusankha nthaka ya tomato mu wowonjezera kutentha: malangizo agrotechnists kwa mkulu zokolola

Tomato ndi mbewu yomwe idabwera kuchokera ku mayiko ofunda. M'nyengo yotentha, zomera zosasangalatsa komanso zopanda dzuwa sizifuna kusamalira mosamala.

Nthawi yaitali yowala ndi yotentha ili ndi phindu la wochuluka fruiting wa mitundu yonse ya tomato.

Koma kumpoto iwo amakula mwakuya kwambiri. Malingana ndi zifukwa zingapo, njira zogwiritsira ntchito zimabzala tomato. Zambiri pa izi m'nkhaniyi.

Kodi malo oyenera kukhala tomato ayenera kukhala otani?

Malo oti abzala tomato pamalo otseguka ayenera kuyaka (cha m'ma April). Mabedi ndi ochuluka ndikuwonjezera humus. Kutambasula filimuyi ngati mumakhala chisanu. Siyani malo okwanira pakati pa mizere.

Chifukwa chiyani nkhani yapamwamba ya nthaka?

Tomato ali ndi nthambi yam'mwamba mizu, yomwe ili ndi 70% ya zoonda zoyera mizu. Chifukwa cha chimangidwe ichi, chomeracho chimapereka gawo lake limodzi ndi kuchuluka kwa chinyezi ndi zakudya zofunika kwambiri. Izi ndi zomwe zimasankha zofuna za chikhalidwe ichi pokhudzana ndi kapangidwe ka nthaka.

Zofunikira

Dzikoli liyenera kukhala ndi zigawo zonse zofunika pakukula tomato.

Dothi la tomato kuti likule bwino liyenera kukhala ndi zinthu zotsatirazi:

• nitrogen;
• phosphorus;
• potaziyamu.

Ndikofunika kuti mcherewu uli mu mawonekedwe ovuta kwambiri. Mu gawo lina la nthaka ya wowonjezera kutentha ayenera kukhala ndi mchenga, momwe kuli kofunikira kuti chitukuko chikhalepo mbali ya mbewu.

Nthaka iyenera kukhala yowonongeka, ngati mizu pamwamba salola kulemba mopitirira muyeso ndikukula kokha mu zinthu zotayirira, kuchotsa zakudya kuchokera ku malo akuluakulu. Pamaso pa zizindikiro monga madzi okwanira ndi mphamvu zamadzi, nthaka imasungira chinyezi bwino, koma sichitha. Ndiponso Kutenthetsa mphamvu ndi kofunika kuti pakhale kukula kwa tomato.

Kuwonjezera apo, pokonzekera dothi, sayenera kulowerera ndale komanso kuti pasakhale ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda.

Nthaka sayenera kukhala ndi mbewu zamsongole.

Kodi acidity iyenera kukhala yani?

Tomato amakonda nthaka pH 6.2 mpaka pH 6.8. Kuti adziwe kuti acidity ya nthaka, mayesero a zizindikiro (mapepala a litmus) amagulitsidwa, omwe amagulitsidwa m'masitolo ogulitsa.

Kuti mudziwe momwe acidity iyenera kukhala dothi la tomato komanso momwe angaonetsetse kuti ali ndi zokolola zambiri, werengani pano.

Kusakaniza kokonzeka

Ngati simungathe kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osakaniza, mukhoza kukonzekera nthaka yokhala ndi wowonjezera kutentha.

M'dzinja mutatha kukolola, chotsani zitsamba za greenery ndipo mosamala mukumba nthaka, mumamasulire ku mizu ya zomera zakale. Dziko lophika liyenera kuyang'aniridwa kuti likhale ndi chinyezi: khungu, ndipo ngati likuphwanyaphwanya, ndiye kuti zonse ziri mu dongosolo. Nthaka yopangidwa ndi wowonjezera kutentha ayenera kununkhiza ngati dziko lapansi (popanda zopsereza kunja).

Ubwino wa nthaka yokometsera:

• Mukhoza kuphika molingana ndi momwe mumayambira ndikusunga nambala yeniyeni ya zofunikira zomwe mukufuna.
• Kuwononga ndalama.

Kuipa:

• Nthawi yophika kwambiri.
• Muyenera kutsatira molondola Chinsinsi.
• Nthaka ikhoza kuipitsidwa.
• Kupeza ndi kugula zigawo zoyenera kuchotsa kungatenge nthawi ndi ndalama zambiri.

Timapereka kuwonera kanema momwe mungakonzekerere nthaka yotentha ndi manja anu:

Zokonzeka zopangidwa

Pogula nthaka yokonzeka, sizingatheke kuti mudziwe momwe zinapangidwira bwino komanso zomwe zinagwirizana. Choncho, ayenera kuperekedwa ndi yankho lotchedwa "Fitolavin", 2 ml pa lita imodzi ya madzi. Maziko a nthaka yodulidwa kawirikawiri ndi peat.

Phindu la kugula dothi la tomato:

• Ndi okonzeka kugwiritsidwa ntchito popanda zoonjezera zina.
• Yakhutitsidwa ndi zigawo zofufuzira ndi zigawo zina.
• Ndi nthaka yosavuta komanso yosautsa yambiri.
• Mukhoza kutenga mapepala a kukula kwake - kuyambira 1 mpaka 50 malita.

Kuipa:

• Zakudya zosakwanira zowonjezera (zili zowerengeka).
• Pafupi pH.
• Nthawi zina fumbi la peat limadulidwa mmalo mwa peat.
• Pali chiopsezo kugula zinthu zochepa.

Zida zofunika

Zachigawo zikuluzikulu za dziko lapansi zimasakaniza:

• nthaka kapena masamba;
• peat yosakhala acidic (pH 6.5);
• mchenga (wosambitsidwa kapena mtsinje);
• Manyowa kapena osakaniza manyowa okhwima;
• Wopukuta phulusa (ufa wa dolomite ungagwiritsidwe ntchito).

Chosavuta komanso chokwanira kwambiri cha nthaka chosakaniza tomato chimapezeka ngati mutasakaniza:

• Magawo awiri a peat;
• Gawo limodzi la munda wamunda;
• Gawo limodzi la humus (kapena kompositi);
• 0,5 mbali ya mchenga.

Peat kawirikawiri imakhala ndi acidity, choncho zotsatirazi ziyenera kuwonjezeredwa mu chidebe cha chisakanizo:

• 1 chikho cha phulusa;
• 3 - 4 supuni ya ufa wa dolomite;
• 10 g wa urea;
• 30 - 40 g wa superphosphate;
• 10 - 15 g wa fetereza fetereza.

Manyowa angalowe m'malo ndi feteleza ovuta okhala ndi phosphorous ndi potaziyamu, komanso nayitrogeni.

Zowonjezereka

Manyowa omwe ali m'kati mwa kuwonongeka sangagwiritsidwe ntchito.. Pa nthawi yomweyo, kutulutsa kutentha kwakukulu, komwe kumatentha mbewu (ndipo ngati kukwanitsa kukwera, idzafabe chifukwa cha kutentha kwakukulu).

Zoipa za dongo sizigwiritsidwa ntchito, chifukwa zimapangitsa dothi kukhala lolemera komanso lolemera kwambiri. Zida zowonongeka mwamsanga zimalumikizidwa m'nthaka, choncho musagwiritse ntchito malo omwe ali pafupi ndi msewu waukulu wotanganidwa kapena gawo la mankhwala osokoneza bongo. Chisamaliro chiyenera kutengedwa kuti zitsimikizire kuti malo omwe tomato amakula adzakhala oyera monga momwe zingathere.

Munda wamunda

Malo osungirako ndiwo munda wamtendere (m'munda wosasamba) pa zomwe zimakhala namsongole ndi matenda omwe angathe. Nthaka ya m'munda wanu imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati ili yovuta komanso yokhazikika. Malo omwe amalima atakula kwambiri (pomwe adyo, kabichi, beets ndi kaloti zimakula) sizitengedwa. Kuwonjezera pa munda lapansi kuti mmenemo nthawi zambiri wabwino makina dongosolo.

Kodi ndi bwino kugwiritsa ntchito chiyani?

Pakuti zokolola zambiri mu nthaka yotentha ayenera kukhala:

• Kusinthasintha kwakukulu kwa kutentha.
• Kutumiza mpweya.
• Amatha kukhuta ndi chinyezi pa ulimi wothirira.
• Kukhoza kutenga zinthu zonse zofunika ndi minerals.

Dothi la wowonjezera kutentha liri:

1. humus;
2. kompositi;
3. nthaka;
4. mchenga;
5. peat;
6. miyala yowerengeka.

Humus imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mafuta achilengedwe.

Kupanga humus:

• Phosphoric acid.
• Calcium oksidi.
• Asitrogeni
• Potaziyamu Oxide.

Zolemba zonsezi zothandiza pa chomera.

Mankhwala a Humus:

1. Amadyetsa ndi mchere.
2. Amapereka tizilombo toyambitsa matenda m'nthaka.
3. Dziko lapansi limasakanizidwa ndi humus limapanga mpweya bwino.
4. Sod ndi yofunikanso kuti kukula kwa tomato.

Nthaka yamtunda:

• Wokhutira ndi zotsalira za mizu ya zomera.
• Zimapangitsa kuti chilengedwe chizikhala chinyezi.

Kutsiliza

Kuti ukhale wokongola, wopanda zolakwika, tomato okha wowonjezera kutentha ayenera kudziwa momwe angakwaniritsire zofunikira zofunika kukula kwa mbewu. Tomato samachokera kumtunda wathu, ndipo amazoloŵera nthaka yosiyana. Ndikofunika kuwapangira malo okhala pafupi ndi momwe angakhalire, ndipo tidzakhala ndi zokolola zambiri. Wowonjezera kutentha akhoza kutchedwa nyumba yabwino kwambiri ya tomato.