Kukongoletsa Gloxinia Sonata. Kodi mungakulire bwanji kunyumba?

Maluwa okongola ndi okongola masamba a gloxinia akhala akukopa chidwi cha obereketsa omwe amapanga mitundu yatsopano ndi hybridi.

Makina ojambulidwa ndi velvety a mitundu yosiyanasiyana yomwe ili ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyanayi idzakhala yofunikira ku ofesi, nyumba, pawindo la nyumba ya mudzi.

Zosiyanasiyana za terry Gloxinia Sonata, zomwe zidzakambidwa m'munsimu m'nkhaniyi, imagwiranso ntchito kwa hybrids yatsopano.

Nkhaniyi idzayang'ana momwe angasamalire maluwa awa, komanso kukambirana za momwe zimakhalira.

Zomwe zimachitika

Gloxinia (Gloxinia) - yosatha herbaceous kapena semi-shrub chomera cha mtundu Gesneriyev (Gesneriaceae). M'chilengedwe, imakhala m'madera a m'mphepete mwa mitsinje, pamphepete mwa miyala, m'mapiri a m'madera otentha a South ndi North America.

Mbiri ya

Gloxinia inayamba kufotokozedwa m'zaka za zana la 18 ndi wolemba zachilengedwe wa Alsatian, Benjamin Peter Gloxina, yemwe anapeza duwa ku Brazil. Wachilengedwe amamutcha dzina lake, naphatikizapo "mawanga ang'onoang'ono".

Malongosoledwe a zomera

Zizindikiro zofunikira kwambiri za gloxinia:

1. Mitengo yambiri ya mkati ya gloxinia tuberous. Thumba ndi lalikulu (mpaka masentimita 40 m'mimba mwake), lozungulira, lokha.
2. Tsinde kanthawi kochepa, kofiira kapena pubescent.
3. Masamba ndi obiriwira, minofu, yowutsa mudyo, kuwala kwakukulu, mdima wandiweyani, siliva, wokongola kwambiri.
4. Pansi pa tsamba ndi lobiriwira, lofiira kapena lofiirira. Malowa ali osiyana kapena ternate. Mapepala a mapepala ovunda kapena ochepa. Kutalika kumasiyana ndi 1 cm mpaka 20 cm. Petiole wandiweyani, wandiweyani. Kutalika kutalika kwa 2.5 cm mpaka 30 cm.
5. Mapulaneti amatha kutalika kwa 1 cm mpaka 15 cm.Maluwa amodzi ali ndi mawonekedwe a galasi, chingwe, belu, gramophone, kapu, koma zonse zimakhala ndi pulogalamu yayikulu yambiri yomwe imagawanika ndi asanu-petal tube halo ndi asanu stamens, fourthers ndi yaitali pestle.
6. Maluwa ndi aakulu (8-12 masentimita awiri), osavuta, aŵiri-aŵiri ndi a terry, opangidwa ndi zosavuta, zopangidwa ndi zipangizo zamakono.
7. Pa mtengo umodzi ukhoza kusamba kuchokera maluwa 1 mpaka 20. Mtundu wa mitundu uli wosiyanasiyana, osakhala wachikasu ndi bulauni. Nthawi yamaluwa kumayambiriro kwa kasupe mpaka kumapeto kwa autumn.
8. Chipatsocho ndi bokosi lokhala ndi kondomu ndi mbewu zambiri zofiira.

Zosiyanasiyana

Botanists nambala ya mitundu 20 mpaka 25 ya gloxinia, koma mitundu yokha ndi nyemba zowonjezera zimamera chifukwa cha mitundu yambiri ya mbewu ndipo mitundu yawo imakula ngati mbewu zapanyumba: gloxinia, maluwa a royal syngia, okongola a blue syngia, terry gloxinia.

Maonekedwe ndi zinthu

Gloxinia Sonata ndi mndandanda wa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya hybrids yomwe imamera chifukwa cha mitundu yambiri ya Gloxinia. Amakhala ndi lalikulu lalikulu pinki, wofiirira kapena maluŵa ofiira pa chomera chimodzi, chogwirana pepala rosette.

Mitundu yotsatira ikudziwika bwino.

"Sonata Light-purpurple" ("Sonata wofiirira")

Ili ndi maluwa okhala ndi chibakuwa chofiira kwambiri ngati chikho ndi zolimba zitsamba zoyera ndi lilac.

"Sonata Pink" ("Sonata pinki")

Mtundu wosakanizidwa ndi duwa lokhala ndi pakhosi wodzaza ndi korali-pinki ndi yoyera ndi pinki.

"Sonata Rose" ("Sonata Rose")

Mphuno yosakanika ya pinki, maluwa awiri a maluwa pakhosi, pamwamba pa pinki yakuda kapena pinki wofiira, zonona pansipa ndi nkhumba za chitumbuwa.

"Sonata Red" ("Sonata Red")

Wosakanizidwa wofiira kwambiri.

Mu masitolo ogulitsa maluwa mukhoza kupeza mbewu za Sonata gloxinia ndi "kusakaniza". Izi siziri zosiyana, koma kusakaniza kwa angapo hybrids za zosiyanasiyana ndi maluwa osiyanasiyana.

Kodi ndikuti ndingabzala bwanji?

Gloxinia ingabzalidwe m'njira zingapo., koma chofala kwambiri ndikubzala tuber.

Malangizo Ofika:

1. Thumba imachotsedwa pansi, zouma mizu. Disinfected mu kuwala pinki njira ya potaziyamu permanganate, anaika mu yankho la kukula stimulator kwa m'nyumba zomera. Mukamatayika, onetsetsani kuti yankho lanu silinagwere mumtunda wapamwamba wa tuber.
2. Chodzala amasankha chophimba chachikulu ndi chosaya. Mitengo yaing'ono imatenga miphika ndi mamita 7-10 masentimita, akuluakulu - 11-15 masentimita. Pakati pa khoma la mphika ndi tuber achoka pakati pa 3-5 masentimita.
3. Mzere wothira madzi umathiridwa mumphika, womwe umakhala wofanana ndi 1/3 wa msinkhu wamatabwa.
4. Thirani nthaka kusakaniza kapena okonzeka kupanga nthaka ya maluwa, bwino wothira.
5. Mbirayi imayikidwa m'ng'anjo yomwe ili pamwamba penipeni pa nthaka, yomwe imakhala ndi masentimita imodzi.
6. Mbeuyi imayikidwa mu poto ndi madzi, yokutidwa ndi thumba la pulasitiki, kuyika malo abwino, kutentha + 22-25 ºC. Chomeracho chimapuma mpweya tsiku lililonse kwa mphindi 10-15.
7. Pakubwera masamba awiri enieni, pamwamba pa phukusiyi amatsegulidwa pang'ono kuti asamalire mbande. Pambuyo masiku 3-4, malo ogona amachotsedwa kwathunthu.
8. Pa chomera chomera amwaza sprinkler pa 1-2 masentimita.

Kuunikira ndi malo

Pakuti gloxinia amasankha malo okhala ndi kuwala kwabwino. Zabwino kwambiri pawindo la mawindo lotsegulira kumadzulo kapena kummawa. Akakhala pawindo lakumwera, chomera chimafuna shading, kumpoto - kuunikira kwina.

Zosowa za nthaka

Kwa Sonata ndi dothi laching'ono la acidic ndi chiwerengero cha acidity pH 5.5-6.5. Pakhomo, nthaka yosakaniza imakonzedwa kuchokera ku tsamba, peat, mchenga wa mtsinje mu chiŵerengero: 1: 1: 1/2.

Kusamalira kwanu

Mofanana ndi zomera zambiri za tuberous, nthawi ya kukula kwa yogwilitsika yogwirizana ndi nthawi yopumula. Nkhaniyi iyenera kuganiziridwa pochoka.

Kutentha

Pakati pa kukula kwachangu ndi maluwa, kutentha kwa tsiku ndi tsiku kumakhala pa 20-22 ºC, usiku pafupifupi 18 ºC. Pa nthawi yopuma + 10-14 ºC. Muzokambirana komanso kusintha kwakukulu kwa kutentha, zomera zimatuluka ndi kuwonongeka.

Chinyezi ndi kuthirira

Kutentha kwa mlengalenga mu chipinda ndi 70-80%, kovomerezeka sikumsika kuposa 50%. Kuperewera kwa chinyezi kukuwonetsedwa ndi kuchepa kwa kukula ndi kupindika kwa tsamba la pansi. Kuti apange njira yoyenera, chomeracho chimayikidwa mu poto yodzaza ndi madzi kapena moss, yomwe nthawi zonse imakanizidwa ndi dothi lowonjezera. Gloxinia sangathe kupopedwa. Madzi akamafika pamasamba amawonekera mawanga achikasu.

Kuthirira kumapangidwa kudzera poto kapena pamphepete mwa mphika ndi madzi ochepetsedwa omwe ali ndi kutentha kwa madigiri 2-3 pamwamba pa firiji. Nthaka nthawi zonse ikhale yonyowa mvula, kuchepetsa madzi sikuvomerezeka. Theka la ora mutatha kuthirira, madzi owonjezera amathiridwa kuchokera ku poto.

Kudyetsa

Miyezi yoyamba 1.5-2 mutabzala feteleza sikofunika. Mu nthawi yogwira ntchito, zomera zimadyetsedwa kasanu ndi kamodzi pa mwezi, kuphatikizapo organic ndi zovuta mchere feteleza. Panthawi yopuma, feteleza sagwiritsidwa ntchito.

Kuwaza

Pogwiritsa ntchito mbeu ya "hibernation", pakakula pa tuber ya masamba atsopano, tuber imalowetsedwa mu mphika watsopano ndi mamita awiri masentimita awiri kuposa kuposa kale.

Matenda wamba ndi tizirombo

Gloxinia ndi matenda a tuberous m'nyumba zomera:

• Fusarium;
• chowonetsa mochedwa;
• downy mildew;
• viroses;
• askohitoz;
• chithunzi;
• phyllostitosis;
• bacterioses.

Ngati zowononga sizikugwiritsidwa ntchito pa nthawi, tizilombo tingayambitse vuto losalephereka:

• thrips;
• tizilombo toyambitsa matenda a cyclamen ndi ofiira;
• whiteflies;
• mealybug

Zinthu zoberekera

Gloxinia imafalikira ndi mbewu ndi zomera: Kugawidwa kwa tuber, masamba ndi tsinde cuttings, tsamba.

Kwa Sonata gloxinia, yomwe ili yowonjezera, njira yoberekera mbeu siili yoyenera, chifukwa mitundu yosiyanasiyana yomwe imafalitsidwa ndi mbewu ndi yosavuta, ndibwino kugwiritsa ntchito njira ya vegetative:

1. Kupeza masamba phesi kudula pansi pepala pa budding kapena maluwa. Tsambalo limamizidwa m'madzi ndi masentimita 1-1.5 Madzi sasinthidwa, koma amawonjezeredwa ngati akuphulika. Pambuyo pa maonekedwe a udule, iyo imabzalidwa pansi, ikuwonjezeka ndi masentimita 2-2.5.
2. Ngati, pambuyo pa kutuluka kwa tuber, mphukira zambiri zowonjezera, zowonjezera zimatuluka, zikusiya 1-2 mwazamphamvu kwambiri. Mapesi amazulidwa ndipo amafesedwa ngati mapesi a masamba.
3. Kubzala ndi pepala lokhala ndi mpeni kudula pepala lalikulu kumunsi kwa rosette. Kumbali ya mkati, kupotoka kwapadera kumapangidwira pamtunda waukulu kwambiri m'madera okhuthala. Chipepalacho chimayikidwa pa nthaka yonyowa, n'kukankhidwa m'malo omwe amawonekera, omwe ali ndi filimuyo. Pambuyo pooneka mizu, mapangidwe a tubers, tsambali likhoza kukhazikika.
4. Pakubereka pakugawaniza tuber, imadulidwa mzidutswa kuti aliyense akhale ndi mphukira 1-2 kapena mphukira. Kudulidwa kumatenthedwa ndi makala, amawuma m'malo amdima kwa masiku 2-3, obzalidwa.

Maluwa ofanana

Gloxinia Sonata amafanana ndi malo amtundu:

1. Streptokarpus ndi wachibale wa Gloxinia wochokera m'banja la Gesneriev. Osatha herbaceous chomera popanda tsinde, kuyambira 5 mpaka 30 cm pamwamba.
2. Woimira Gesnerievs - Ahimenez. Kwa pubescent masamba ochulukirapo mwa anthu amatchedwa "nettle".
3. Maluwa ena ochokera m'banja la Gesnerievs ndi Koleria. Masamba ake ndi owoneka bwino, wobiriwira. Maluwa amapanga belu lochepetsedwa, losinthidwa ndi zazikulu zazikulu zisanu za mitundu yosiyanasiyana.
4. Campanula ikufanana ndi maluwa a Gloxinia. Kusiyana kwambili maluwa.
5. Pelargonium wachifumu kapena geranium imatchuka chifukwa cha maluwa ake aakulu, obiriwira. Lili ndi malo ozungulira a mtundu wosiyana pakati pa petal, yomwe imapereka kuyang'ana kokongola modabwitsa.

Gloxinia Sonata samafuna chisamaliro chapadera ndipo amakongoletsa chilichonse mkati.