Mtengo wa Wellsie Apple ndi mtundu wakale wachikale waku America, komabe wodziwika kwambiri m'dziko lathu lonse. Wellsie amabzalidwa m'chigawo cha Leningrad ndi Volgograd, Siberia ndi Altai; mitundu yoposa 30 yapezeka pamaziko a Welsey. Uwu ndi mtengo wosagwira matenda a apulo, wobweretsa zipatso zambiri zabwino za maapulo zabwino, zofunikira kwambiri kusunga bwino. Wellsie akuyesera kubzala ambiri okhala m'chilimwe pamalo ake.
Kufotokozera kwa kalasi
Mitundu ya Welsey yakhala ikudziwika ku Russia kuyambira m'zaka za m'ma 1800, koma idalimidwa mokulira m'minda yamafakitale komanso m'minda yamatchire. Ili ndi mayina ena ochulukirapo (Fertile, Tartu Rose, ndi ena otero), koma dzinali Abundant limafotokoza bwino za mtengo wake: mtengo wa apulo umabweretsa zokolola zambiri chaka chilichonse.
Ana anga ali aang'ono kwambiri, atangophunzira kulankhula, adatcha mtengo wa apulo uwu "Uelis". Zomwe, komabe, siziri kutali ndi chowonadi: mutatha kudya apulo imodzi, ndikufuna zochulukirapo kufikira malire atakwaniritsidwa.
Zosiyanasiyana zidapezeka mu 1860 m'chigawo cha Minnesota. Zoyambira zake sizikudziwika kwenikweni, matembenuzidwe onse amatsutsidwa ndi akatswiri, motero Welsey amawerengedwa kuti amachokera pakuyipitsidwa kwaulere kwa mitundu yosadziwika. M'dziko lathu, idaphatikizidwa ndi State Record mu 1947, yomwe idalimbikitsidwa kuti izilimidwa kumadera ambiri (Northwest, Central, Central Black Earth, North Caucasus ndi Lower Volga). Koma malangizowa saletsa wamaluwa kukhala m'magawo ovuta a Siberia, Urals ndi Altai.
Zosiyanasiyana zimayesedwa kuti ndizoyambira yozizira, zipatso zake ndi zokonzeka kudya mukangokolola ndipo zimasungidwa bwino mpaka Januware -February. Mtengowo ndiwakukulika pakatikati, yabwino kwambiri kuusamalira. Kutengera mtundu wamasitoko, imakula mpaka 4-5 metres. Korona imakwezedwa, pal-piramidi, m'mitengo yakale ya maapulo imakhala yozungulira, popanda kudulira waluso imatha kukulira. Nthambi za mafupa zimaphukira pamtengo pachikhatho chakuthwa, zomwe zimafunikira kuthandizidwa poti mbewu ipsa. Nthambi zam'munsi nthawi zambiri zimayamba kugwa. Mphukira zazing'ono zimakhala zofiirira.
Izi sizikutanthauza kuti maapulo amamatira ku nthambi za mtengo, koma zokolola zimakhala zokwera kwambiri nthawi zonse
Masamba ndi ochepa poyerekeza ndi avareji, okhala ndi m'mbali mwa wavy. Mtengowu umaphukira bwino ndi maluwa owala a pinki; nthawi yamaluwa, Welsey amawoneka bwino kwambiri.
Pamaluwa, mutha kuyang'ana mtengo wa Welcy kosatha.
Mtundu wa zipatso zosakanikirana ndi zosakanizika, mitundu ya zipatso yomwe ilipo ilowa mchaka cha 4 mutabzala. Zokolola ndizambiri, koma pali kusinthika kwina ndi zaka: sikuti pali chaka, palibe chaka, koma zaka zina kuchuluka kwa mbewu kumatsika pang'ono. Kudzilamulira pang'ono: mitunduyi imafunikira ma pollinators, popanda iwo maapulo omwe amamangirizidwa ndi maluwa osapitirira 7%.
Mwa mitundu yosavuta kwambiri, yofala kwambiri, opanga mapangidwe abwino amawoneka kuti akutulutsa nthawi imodzi ndi Welsey Antonovka, Mzere wamizeremizere, Zvezdochka.
Kuuma kwa nyengo yozizira ndikwabwino, koma sikuyenera: kumpoto, mtengo wa apulo umazizira nyengo yotentha, nthawi zambiri umalimbana ndi kutentha kokha -25 zaC. Zosiyanasiyana sizikhudzidwa konse ndi nkhanambo ndipo - wofooka kwambiri - ufa wa phokoso. Zina zoyipa ndikusapidwa kwa nthawi yomweyo kwa zipatso; maapulo opsa sakhazikika pamitengo kwa nthawi yayitali ndikutha. Pafupifupi nthawi yokolola yomwe imapezeka kumadera ambiri ndi pakati pa Seputembara.
The peduncle ndi yayitali kapena yapakatikati kutalika, yopyapyala. Zipatso za kukula kwapakatikati, zolemera 100-130 g, zozungulira mozungulira mozungulira, kufalikira kukula ndizochepa: zimphona ndi zinthu zazing'ono ndizosowa. Mtundu waukulu ndi wachikaso chopepuka, mawonekedwe ake ndi ofiira. Mtundu wofiirira umapezeka pafupifupi padziko lonse la apulo wokhala ndi mikwingwirima yopanda mawonekedwe. Palinso malo owonekera bwino opepuka.
Mawonekedwe a apulo a Wellsie nthawi zambiri amatchedwa "chiseled": kwenikweni, maapulo opangidwa mosapangidwa sapezeka konse.
Guwa limakhala loyera, pakhungu palokha limatha kupindika pang'onopang'ono, kofinya, loyera bwino. Zomwe zili ndi msuzi ndizambiri, kukoma kwake ndi mchere, mchere wowawasa. Fungo labwino la chipatso chakucha limafanana ndi sitiroberi.
Mtundu ndi kukoma kwake kwa chipatso kumadalira kwambiri kuwala: maapulo okongola kwambiri ndi otsekemera amakula pamtengo wa mtengo ndikudziwonekera kwa korona, omwe amakula pafupi ndi thunthu ndipo osayatsidwa bwino amatha kukhalabe obiriwira kuthengo mpaka kumapeto.
Maapulo amawadyedwa onse mwatsopano (ali okonzeka mukangomaliza kututa) ndi mitundu yonse yamakonzedwe. Amayendetsedwa bwino, omwe amachita malonda. Maapulo a Wellsie amalimbikitsidwa kuti azigwiritsidwa ntchito pakudya kwa ana.
Kubzala mtengo wa apulo wa Wellsley: malangizo pang'onopang'ono
Kubzala mtengo wa apulo Wellsie kulibe kanthu poyerekeza ndi kubzala mtengo wina uliwonse wa apulosi. Iyenera kuchitika pamalo otetezedwa ndi mphepo yozizira, koma yoyatsidwa bwino, pomwe madzi osungunuka samasunthira ndipo pansi pamtunda sikufika pafupi kuposa mamita awiri. Mutha kubzala mtengo wa apulo pamalo otsetsereka kwambiri. Mukabzala mitengo ingapo pakati pawo kupirira mtunda wa 4-5 m.
Dothi labwino kwambiri ndi losalowerera kapena lochepera pang'ono, lalifupi pakapangika. Mulingo woyenera - chernozem kapena mchenga wopatsa thanzi, bwino - - chonde chonde. Clows ziyenera kukonzedwa pasadakhale ndikukhazikitsa mchenga wambiri, peat, humus. M'madera ovuta, sikofunikira kukumba kokha bowo, komanso kuyeretsa dothi lotalikirana mpaka mita ziwiri mbali zonse kuchokera pamenepo. Mutha kubzala Welsey onse mu kasupe ndi nthawi yophukira, ngati mmera ukadakhala wabwino, wokhala ndi mizu yamphamvu, masamba akulu, koma opanda masamba.
Mukabzala mu kugwa, ndikodalirika kugula chimera cha mitundu yosiyanasiyana, ogulitsa nthawi yachisanu nthawi zambiri, ngakhale osati mwachindunji, sakanizani zonse zomwe sizinagulitsidwe mu kugwa, ndipo nthawi zambiri sipakhala nthawi yokwanira kubzala masika.
Chifukwa chake, ndibwino kukonzekera pang'onopang'ono dzenje lanyengo yotentha, ndipo kwinakwake mu Okutobala, masamba ambiri atagwa, gulani chaka chimodzi kapena ziwiri ndikuzibzala motsatira malamulo onse. Kupita patsogolo kwakanthawi kwa ntchito kumadziwika kwa aliyense wolima dimba.
- Tikukumba bowo, ndibwino kuti tichite izi kumapeto kwa chilimwe. Miyeso yocheperako ndi 60 x 60 x 60 cm, koma yokulirapo ndiyabwino, makamaka pankhani ya dothi lolemera. Wosanjikiza, wosabereka, wotayidwa, wapamwamba amapulumutsidwa.
Zomwe zimapitilira nthaka yachonde nthawi yomweyo zimatha kutulutsidwa m'mundamo
- Pothira dothi lolemera, timayika dothi 10 cm (miyala, miyala, mozama, mchenga wowuma).
Wosanjikiza mwala wophwanyika ndikofunikira kuti muthane ndi madzi ochulukirapo ku mizu
- Dothi lochotsedwalo limaphatikizidwa ndi feteleza: zidebe ziwiri za humus, 100 g ya superphosphate, lita imodzi ya phulusa. Thirani osakaniza mu dzenje.
Dothi lokhala ndi feteleza limasakanizidwa mosamala kwambiri.
- Mmera womwe udapezedwa mu Okutobera umatsitsidwa kamodzi m'madzi (osachepera mizu yake). Pambuyo pake, ikani mizu mu choyankhulira chopangidwa ndi dongo ndi mullein (3: 1) ndi kuchepetsedwa ndi madzi mpaka kusasintha kwa kirimu wowawasa. Chabwino, kapena kungolankhula dongo.
Pophimba mizu ndi dongo, kuchuluka kwa njere kumayendetsedwa bwino
- Timatenga dothi lochuluka kwambiri kuti mizu ya manyowa ikwanira momasuka. Timayendetsa mumtengo mwamphamvu mita (mita ili pamwamba pamtunda!), Timayika mmera mu dzenje, timawongola mizu ndikuwadzaza ndi dothi lochotsedwa, ndikugwedeza kotero kuti dothi limazungulira mizu yopanda voids.
Mizu sayenera kupsinjika: ayenera kukhala mwachilengedwe
- Pambuyo podzaza dothi, timapondaponda nthaka ndi dzanja lanu kenako ndi phazi lanu, kuonetsetsa kuti khosi la mizu limakhalabe lokwera masentimita 4-6 kuposa nthaka.Palibe chifukwa chochitira mantha: mutathirira ndikuyimitsa dzenjelo, lidzatsika monga kumafunikira.
Popita nthawi, khosi mizu, lomwe lingosiyidwa pamwamba pamtunda, lidzagwera pakukweza komwe mukufuna
- Timamanga mmera pamtengo pogwiritsa ntchito njira "zisanu ndi zitatu".
G8 imagwira mmera komanso osavulaza
- Timapanga chowombera kuzungulira kwazenje la dzenjelo kuti madzi othirira asayendemo, ndikutsanulira ndowa ziwiri za madzi pansi pa mmera: magawo omaliza sayenera kuzamwa nthawi yomweyo. Tambitsani bwalo loyandikana ndi humus, udzu kapena chilichonse chowuma.
Chogudubuzirachi chimathandizanso kuti madzi amvula asayalowe, kuwongolera kuti kuthirira mmera
Ngati kuthirira kukapezeka kuti nthaka yasokonekera bwino, muyenera kuwonjezera zina. Mukabzala pachaka, tsinde silitha kufupikitsidwa, koma ngati ndi lalitali kwambiri, nthawi zambiri amadula masentimita 20-30. Mwa zaka ziwiri, nthambi zammbali zimafupikitsidwa ndi wachitatu. Ngati zigawo zikupitilira masentimita awiri, ndibwino kuziphimba ndi var vars. Komabe, m'malo ozizira ndibwino kusamutsira kudulira kuti kukaphulike.
Pankhani yodzala yophukira pafupi ndi dzinja, tsinde liyenera kutetezedwa ku chisanu ndi mbewa poyimata ndi nthambi zanthete za mtengo wa Khrisimasi kapena paini. Ndi kuyamba kwa chivundikiro cha chipale chofewa, ndikofunikira kuponya chisanu chochulukirapo kuzungulira thunthu.
Maonekedwe a kulima ndi zochenjera za chisamaliro
Mavuto ndi kubzala kwa mtengo wa apulo wa Wellsie kumatha kuwoneka pokhapokha nyengo yamvula; mwambiri, kusamalira zamtunduwu kulibe chilichonse chofunikira. Zimaphatikizapo kuthirira, kuvala pamwamba, kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa, kudulira. M'zaka zoyambirira, kumasula bwalo loyandikira ndikuchotsa namsongole ndikofunikira; pambuyo pake, Welsey ikhoza kukhalanso yolimba pansi pa sod.
Mtengo wa apulo uwu umafuna madzi ambiri, omwe amalumikizidwa ndi chikhalidwe cha zipatso: amadziwika ndi zipatso zambiri za maapulo owiritsa. Mtengowu umafunikira chinyontho nthawi yamaluwa komanso kukula kwambiri kwa zipatso. Potentha, mitengo yaying'ono imathiriridwa sabata iliyonse, akulu - kawiri pamwezi. Kukakamizidwa kwathunthu ndikokwanira kuthirira kwa dzinja, kutatsala pang'ono kutha nyengo yachilimwe.
Ngakhale mitengo yayikulu siyitha kuletseka m'mphepete kuti izitha kuthirira
Manyowa Welsey momwemonso mitundu ina ya mitengo ya maapulo. Kamodzi patatha zaka zingapo amadyetsedwa feteleza wopukusira pansi pokumba maenje awiri am'madzi mumitenje yaying'ono kufupi ndi kuzungulira kwa thunthu. Zopangira feteleza zimagwiritsidwa ntchito katatu pachaka: kasupe, urea kapena nitrate (supuni ya 1 mita2 pafupi-tsinde bwalo), mutangotulutsa maluwa, azofosku (pawiri), pakugwa - superphosphate ndi phulusa lamatabwa.
Kugwiritsira ntchito kwa masika kwa urea kudzera m'nthaka yothothoka ndikotheka popanda kumata mu dothi, nthawi zina, kuvala pamwamba kumayikidwa mu mawonekedwe amadzimadzi, kufalitsa feteleza ndi madzi ambiri. Mu nthawi yophukira, mutha kukonzanso njira yothetsera michere kuchokera kusakaniza kwa mullein ndi phulusa, kumawakakamiza m'madzi kwa sabata limodzi.
Kudulira mwaukhondo kutha kuchitika pafupifupi nthawi ina iliyonse pachaka, makamaka ikafika nthawi yochotsa mitengo yakufa kapena yodwala. Ndiosafunika kuchita izi pokhapokha maluwa ndi chiyambi cha zipatso. Kudulira kwakukulu, kosinthika kumachitika kumayambiriro kwa kasupe (kumapeto kwa Marichi) ndipo, modekha, masamba atagwa. Mulimonsemo, wina sayenera kunyalanyaza kugwiritsa ntchito varnish ya dimba kuphimba zigawo.
Kudulira kwamphamvu sikufuna kudzaza mtengowo ndi mbewuyo ndikupanga zonse kuti ziwalire bwino zipatso zomwe zili korona. Chifukwa chake, kufupikitsa koyamba kwa nthambi za kanjedza kakang'ono ndikofunika kwambiri. Pambuyo pake, kufupikitsa kwa nthambi zazitali kwambiri kumachitika, komanso kuchotsa zonse zomwe zimakulitsidwa munjira yoyenera "mphete". Omwe alimi ambiri amachotsa wochititsa pakatikati pomwe mtengo wa apulowo umafika kutalika kwa 3.5 metres.
Chilichonse chomwe chimabzala, chimayenera kuyala korona momwe ndingathere
Kuphatikiza pa kudulira, nthambi za mafupa a Welsey, zomwe zimakula kwambiri m'mbali zazitali, yesani kuwerama pang'ono mothandizidwa ndi ndodo kapena zingwe, ndikuwapatsa mwayi wopingasa. Pankhaniyi, zolinga ziwiri zimakwaniritsidwa: kuthamangitsa zipatso ndikulimbitsa mafupa a mtengo wa apulo.
Nthawi yokolola sikuyenera kuphonya: Maapulo oyamba a Wellsie amakonda kukhetsa. Tiyenera kukonzekera nthawi yomweyo kuti ngakhale mutachotsa mosamala zipatso mumtengowo zimatayika, ndipo maapulo osweka samasungidwa nthawi yayitali. Izi sizowopsa: Zipatso zopitilira 200 zimakololedwa kuchokera kumtengo wamkulu wa maapulo wamtunduwu, wokwanira kusungirako komanso pokonzekera zipatso zosiyanasiyana zosungidwa. Ngati chaka chikhala chabala zipatso zambiri, tiyenera kuyembekezera kuchepa kwa chiwerengero cha maapulo munyengo yotsatira.
Matenda ndi tizirombo: mitundu yayikulu ndi njira zothetsera vutoli
Welsey imagonjetsedwa kwathunthu ndi matenda oopsa kwambiri a mtengo wa apulo - nkhanambo, zomwe nthawi zambiri zimayambitsa kutayika kwa gawo lalikulu la mbewu ya apulo yamitundu yambiri yambiri. Chifukwa chake, munthu sayenera kuchita mantha ndi zokolola za Welsey pazaka zamvula. Powdery mildew siwovuta kwambiri kwa iye. Matenda ena amakhudza izi mosiyanasiyana; iwo, monga tizirombo, ndiofanana ndi mitengo yonse ya maapulo.
- Powdery mildew imawoneka ngati masamba oyera a masamba. Pambuyo pake, imasanduka yofiirira, masamba oma, ndipo bowa amasunthira zipatso. Mankhwalawa ndi osavuta, mankhwala a Topaz kapena Strobi ndi othandiza.
Mwamwayi, ufa wa powdery samakonda kugonjetsa Welsey.
- Chipatso chowola, kapena moniliosis, ndimatenda omwe palibe mtengo wa maapozi omwe ungathe kuchita popanda aliyense: aliyense wawona zipatso zomwe zasokonekera kale pamtengowo. Ku Welsey, kuchuluka kwa zipatso zomwe zakhudzidwa nthawi zambiri kumakhala kochepa kwambiri. Chifukwa chake, kukonza kumangogwiritsidwa ntchito pazowopsa zokha; gwiritsani ntchito mankhwala Skor kapena Fundazol.
Mutha kugula zipatso zingapo zowola pamtengo, koma pakufalikira kwa matendawa, muyenera kupanga china
- Cytosporosis ndimatenda obisika komwe madera omwe amakhudzidwa ndi kotekisi amawuma ndikuphimbidwa ndi ma tubercles ang'ono. Matendawa amatuluka mwachangu, akukhudza mbali zonse za mtengowo. Pa zilonda zoopsa, chithandizo sichingatheke; poyambira, madera omwe akukhudzidwawo amadulidwapo limodzi ndi athanzi oyandikana nawo. Magawo samatenthedwa ndi yankho la sulfate yamkuwa.
Cytosporosis ndi amodzi mwa matenda oopsa
Pakati pa tizirombo, chowopsa kwambiri ndi njenjete, apulo aphid ndi kachilomboka.
- Tizilombo ta maluwa - kachilombo kakang'ono kamene kamakhala ndi thunzi, timatumbu tambiri timene timatulutsa timaso. Samalimbana nawo kawirikawiri ndi mankhwala (mwachitsanzo, Aktara), njira yama makina ndiotetezeka kwambiri. M'mawa kwambiri, kutenthetsa, nsikidzi zimagwedezeka pa zinyalala ndikuwonongeka.
Njovu yokongola imeneyi ingatilande zokolola.
- Apid wobiriwira wa Apple ndiyowopsa chifukwa imayamwa timadziti kuchokera kumiphukira yaying'ono, yomwe imawatsogolera kuti afe, ndipo imaberekanso chilimwe chonse. Nthawi zina nsabwe za m'masamba zimayambitsanso mtengo wonsewo. Mwamwayi, mankhwala ambiri wowerengeka amathandizika kuthana nawo, monga, mwachitsanzo, kulowetsedwa kwa fodya kapena msuzi wowonda.
Ma nsabwe za m'masamba nthawi zonse amayenda ndi nyerere, chifukwa chake ndikofunikira kulimbana nawo
- Moth ndi gulugufe waung'ono yemwe mphutsi zake zimadziwika ndi onse. Awa ndi "mphutsi" zomwe zimadya maapulo m'malo mwathu. Mutha kuwononga njenjete pokhapokha kupopera mitengo ya maapulo ndi mankhwala (bwanji tikufunikira izi?). Koma kugwiritsa ntchito malamba otchera msonkho komanso kusakanizira kwakanthawi kwamaloto kumapangitsa kuti mbewuzo zichepe.
Mutha, mwachidziwikire, kugawana maapulo ochepa ndi njenjete, izi ndizabwino kuposa kudya chlorophos, koma muyenera kulimbana nayo
Ndemanga Zapamwamba
Ndingamupangire Welsey. Mtengo wa apulo uwu womwe udakwanitsa kupulumuka nyengo yozizira ya 1978, umabereka zipatso kwa zaka 3-4, maapulo ndi onunkhira komanso osalala. Drawback yokhayo: nthambi ndizosweka kwambiri chifukwa cha kulemera kwa maapulo.
Famusov
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Mwa mitundu ya maapulo, ndimakonda kwambiri Welsey. Zimapatsa mbewu chaka chilichonse, pomwe zimasankhidwa, maapulo siokoma (kukoma kwake ndi kofinya - mwamphamvu), koma atagona kwa milungu ingapo, amakhala chozizwitsa chotsekemera komanso chowawasa.
"Chida"
//www.forumdacha.ru/forum/viewtopic.php?t=1160
Ndili ndi maapulo okongola ku Wellsie wanga, ndinakhalanso ndi mawonekedwe, Red Wellsie, ali ndi mtundu wolimba kwambiri, zipatso zina zimakhala pafupifupi zofiira kwambiri.
Dim1
//forum.prihoz.ru/viewtopic.php?t=2524&start=75
A Wellsie akhala akukulira m'munda mwathu kwazaka 35, ndipo amabala zipatso bwino. Maapulowo ndi okoma! Ikakhwima mokwanira, mnofu umanyowa m'madzi kuti ukhale wopepuka, wochulukirapo. Alibe oyipa.Nthawi zambiri timanama mpaka mwezi wa Febere, ndiye kuti sindikudziwa, chifukwa amadyedwa ndi mabanja athu komanso abale athu onse. Ndikupangira!
Shlykova Elena
//www.asienda.ru/answing/chto-eto-za-sort-yablok-uelsi/
Wellsie amakonda kwambiri mitundu yakale, agogo anga adagula munda womwe udasiyidwa mu 70s, padali mtengo wa maapozi wamitundu mitundu, ndidangoudya ... wonunkhira bwino, wokoma ...
Fomenko
//www.asienda.ru/answing/chto-eto-za-sort-yablok-uelsi/
Mtengo wa Apple wa Wellsie ndi mitundu yambiri yozizira yomwe ili ndi zaka zopitilira 150. Ndipo, ngakhale atakhala ndi zaka zolemekezeka chonchi, ndi imodzi mwa mitengo ya apulo yomwe imafunidwa kwambiri m'minda yamafakitale ndi nthawi yokhalamo chilimwe. Zosiyanasiyana ndizosavuta kusamalira ndipo chaka chilichonse zimabweretsa zokolola zambiri zokhalitsa zokongola.
