Selari ndi chomera chopanda thanzi, ndipo kutengera ndi mtunduwo, muzu wake, masamba kapena masamba amadyedwa. Chodziwika ponseponse chimagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mankhwala komanso zakudya. Kusiya sikovuta ngakhale kwa alimi oyambira kumene, chifukwa chikhalidwecho chimadziwika kwambiri pakati pa nthawi yachilimwe okhala pakati pakatikati mwa Russia.
Mitundu ya udzu winawake ndi kulima kwawo
Chomera chosatha cha herbaceous cha banja la Umbrella chimakhala ndi fungo labwino komanso kukoma kosasangalatsa. Dziko lakwawo lili ku Mediterranean, koma masiku ano udzu winawake umapezeka paliponse.
Pali mitundu itatu:
- Tsinde kapena petiole imasiyanitsidwa ndi nthawi yosungirako komanso malo othandizira. Amadziwika ndi mphukira yowutsa mudyo ya saladi wobiriwira, mtundu wobiriwira, womwe umasiyana chifukwa cha njira yolima, mitundu ilibe kanthu. Nthawi zina mutha kukhala ndi masamba oyera ndi zipatso zabwino, ngati mumawaza iwo ndi lapansi.
- Tsamba la selari limagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri kuphika. Chimakula chonse chilimwe ndi nthawi yophukira, chimakhala ndi kukoma komanso kununkhira kowala. Ndikosavuta kuyerekezera kuteteza popanda kubiriwira.
- Muzu amadyedwa yaiwisi komanso yaudyo. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito mmalo mwa mbatata pokonzekera maphunziro oyamba azakudya. Mu saladi, kuphatikiza ndi apulo, kaloti.
Kutengera zomwe amakonda, mutha kubzala mtundu umodzi wa mbewu kapena zingapo.
Madeti obzala zipatso
Selari zingabzalidwe mu kasupe ndi yophukira, kutengera njira. Mbeu zimasinthidwa m'nthaka zikafika kutalika kwa 15 cm komanso masamba 4-5. Mbewu zakonzedwa kuyambira kugwa. Anabzala zinthu m'nyengo yozizira, kuti munyengo yake kunali kosavuta kusamalira mbewu. Odziwa odziwa zamaluwa amakonda kusankha kumera mbewu kunyumba, motero zokolola zambiri. Zomera zokhazikitsidwa pokhapokha ngati mbande.
Mwezi wobzala m'nthaka mwachindunji zimadalira dera. Kufupi ndi Siberia, mbewuzo zimasinthidwa. Mwachitsanzo, ku Urals - mu Meyi, koyambirira kwa Juni; m'matawuni - Epulo, Meyi.
Chofunikira chachikulu cha nyengo nyengo ndi kutentha mosalekeza kwa +10 ° C, kusowa kwa madzi oundana.
Malinga ndi kalendala yoyendera mwezi, udzu winawake wabzalidwa: mbande za muzu - Epulo 26-30, Meyi 1-4; mbewu ndi mbande za masamba ndi petiole - Meyi 8-10, Meyi 14-17.
Malo
Popeza kuti kwawo kwa udzu winawake kumwera, mumvetsetse kuti akufunika dzuwa. Chifukwa chake, kusankha malo oti mubzale, perekani malo ofunda, owala bwino, kutali ndi mitengo ndi nyumba.
Mabedi amakonzedwa mu kugwa. Nthaka yakumbidwa ndikuyeretsa namsongole ndi zinyalala za mbewu. Thirani peat kapena humus ndikusiya mpaka masika.
Udzu wonunkhira amateteza tizirombo tina tambiri, chifukwa chake amalimbikitsidwa kuti abzale pafupi ndi kabichi, tomato, nkhaka, nyemba, masamba letesi. Malo oyandikana ndi awa amathandizira kukulitsa ndi kusunga zokolola, ndipo udzu winawake suwononga konse. Ndi mbatata, parsley ndi kaloti, m'malo mwake, sikulimbikitsidwa kuphatikiza mumabedi.
Njira yodzala mmera
Kwa mbande, muyenera kusankha njere. Chikhalidwechi sichidamera kwambiri, chifukwa chimakhala ndi mafuta ambiri azamasamba omwe amateteza kutupira. Zomera zobzala zimagulidwa mokulira, ndikofunikira kulabadira moyo wa alumali pazopangirazi, popeza zaka ziwiri pambuyo pa msonkhano, kumera kumakhalabe kochepa.
Asanabzale, nthangala zake zimakonzedwa, ndikutsukidwa muofowoka ofooka wa potaziyamu permanganate (pang'ono pang'onopang'ono chamadzi). Pambuyo pakuwola kwa maola awiri, nkhaniyo imayala pa nsalu yonyowa kapena chopukutira, wokutira ndikuisamutsa pamalo owuma, ofunda. Kuti muwonjezere kumera, zopatsa mphamvu kapena madzi a aloe zimawonjezeredwa pamadzi, madontho ochepa. Olima maluwa odziwa zambiri amapangitsa kuti pakhale kunyamula matumba ambiri m'madzi otentha kapena ozizira.
Nthaka yofesa imakonzedwa palokha kapena kugula m'sitolo. Kuti muzisakaniza pawokha mudzafunika mchenga, peat, humus ndi dziko lonse lapansi m'njira zofanana. Popeza adasakaniza gawo lapansi, amawotchera, amawotchera mu uvuni kapena achisanu chifukwa chakufa. Dothi lanyowa limasungunuka ndikumwaza ndi mfuti yonyowa.
Iwalani nthangala pamtunda, pang'ono pang'ono kumwaza ndi peat kapena mchenga. Mukanyowetsa zokololazo, zibvundikirani ndi kapu kapena kanema kuti zitheke. Mukalimidwa, onetsetsani kuti dziko lapansi ndi lonyowa.
Kwa milungu iwiri, ndipo nthawi zina, mabokosi okhala ndi mbande zamtsogolo amasungidwa mumdima ndi otentha. Kutentha kuyenera kukhala + 18 ... +20 ° ะก. Pamene mphukira zoyambirira zikuwonekera, zotengera zimasinthidwa kupita pamalo owala, zokutira zimachotsedwa ndipo kutentha kumatsitsidwa ndi madigiri angapo. Usiku, mutha kutsitsa mpaka + 10 ... +12 ° C. Kwa mizu, kutentha kwa boma ndikofunikira, ngati simukuchiwona, udzu winawake umaphuka, ndipo izi sizingalole. Maola a masana ndi osachepera maola 10, kotero ngati kuli kotheka, muyenera kulumikiza kuunikira kokumbira.
Zomera zazing'ono zikapanga masamba awiri athunthu pa tsinde loonda, mutha kudumphira mbande. Kuti muchite izi, tengani malo omwewo, ndikuwonjezera phulusa la nkhuni, ndikugona m'magulu awiri osiyana. Imasinthidwa mu chidebe palimodzi ndi chophukacho, ndikumata muzu waukulu pakapangidwe kake (kokha petiole ndi tsamba).
Kuthirira mbande kumafunikira pang'ono. Nthaka itatha kuthilira kuti imasulidwe kuti kutumphuka kusapangike. Pakatha masabata awiri mutabzala, udzu winawake umadyetsedwa ndimakonzedwe apadera a kukula ndi kukula kwa mbewu za chakudya.
Mwezi woyamba ndi theka, kakulidwe kazomera kamachepetsedwa, ndikusowa kwa kuwala mphukira kumtunda, zomwe sizovomerezeka. Zimayambira 25 cm komanso kukhala ndi masamba 4-5 kwathunthu okonzeka kubzala mu nthaka. Ngati kufesa kunachitidwa munthawi yake, ndiye kuti pakati pa Meyi mbande zakonzeka. Asanabzala mu dothi, udzu winawake umawuma, mwachidule ndikupita mumsewuwu ndikuwonjezera pang'onopang'ono nthawi yomwe amakhala kunja.
Kubzala mbande panthaka
Kubzala mbande sikuchitika nthawi yomweyo. Kwa kanthawi imasungidwa m'malo otetezeka mumsewu. Masamba 6 okha amawoneka pomwe ma celery amatha kusunthira pansi.
Ngati zipatso zoyambirira sizinachitike, zimachitika musanafike. Izi zimachitika motere: atanyowa ndi dothi lamadzi, mbande zimachotsedwa, ndikulekanitsa mizu mosamala.
Chiwembu chokonzedwa kuti chimagona pabedi chimamasulidwa mosamala ndipo mbande zimabzalidwa, kutengera mtundu wake, motere:
- Muzu - mtunda wa 15 cm kuchokera kwa wina ndi mnzake, ndikuwona momwe mzere utalikirane wa 0,4 metres.
- Petiole - wobzalidwa mpaka mainchesi 6, mzere kusiya masamba 20 cm mbali zonse, pakati pa mizere 0,3 m.
- Leaf - 10 cm kuya, sikofunikira kuti mupeze mtunda pakati pa mbewu.
Popeza yakulitsa mmera, malo omwe amabzala amakakamizidwa ndikukhala ndi madzi ambiri.
Kufesa mwachindunji panthaka
Popeza mbande kapena kusafuna kuying'amba ndi ana ang'onoang'ono kufesa poyera. Pakapita nthawi, izi zimachitika kumapeto kwa nthawi yophukira, chisanu woyamba chisanachitike.
Ngati bedi silikhathamiritsidwa, konzekerani: kukuni, chotsani zinyalala ndi udzu, kuyambitsa feteleza. Sikoyenera kukonza mbewu ngati mbande, koma ndikofunikira kusankha mbewu zatsopano, makamaka chaka chino. Pambuyo pozitsa mbeu ndi masentimita awiri, kuphimba malowo ndi filimu. Mukamasankha malo, amatsatira zofunikira pazomera: kuwala kwabwino komanso chinyezi cha nthaka.
Ndikofunikira kufesa pang'ono m'nyengo yozizira, mbewu zambiri sizimaphuka, ndipo ndizosavuta kupyola muyeso kwambiri.
Ubwino wa kubzala uku ndi monga kuti kumayambiriro kwa masika zipatso zatsopano zidzaoneka. Kupanda kutero, zoopsa ndizambiri. Okhala ndi chilimwe akuchenjezedwa kuti azisewera bwino ndipo akule mbande.
Ngati tikulankhula za mitundu, ndiye kuti yogonjetsedwa kwambiri ndi zipatso za udzu winawake. Nthawi zambiri imayamba kutalika nthawi yayitali.
Kusamalira Kunja kwa Chete
Zomera zamitundu iliyonse zimafunikira chisamaliro:
- Muzu - amaopa namsongole yemwe amakula msanga ndikusokoneza mbande. Amalimbikitsa kuti azisamalira udzu. Muyenera kudyetsa chomera katatu, koyamba masabata awiri mutabzala. Pakapita kanthawi, zimayambira zikayamba kukwera, zimadzaza manyowa mobwerezabwereza. Nthawi yotsiriza - pamapangidwe a mizu mu nthawi yoyamba.
- Petiole - iyenera kubzalidwa moyenera. Pamabedi omwe adakonzedwa kuyambira nthawi yophukira, amakwiya masentimita 30, kusiya mamita 0.4 pakati pamizere. Dzazani zitsime ndi feteleza. Maches amapangidwira kuphimba anyani kuti akhale oyera osati owawa. Pali mitundu yoberekedwa mwapadera yomwe safuna hilling, koma siyokoma kwambiri ndipo ikuopa kuzizira. Mutabzala mbande, kuvala koyamba koyambirira kumachitika mwezi umodzi. Mapesiwo amaphimbidwa ndi kukula pamene iwo akukula, akuwonetsetsa bwino nthaka. Pambuyo kuthilira, nthaka iyenera kumasulidwa. Kutalika kwa tchire kukafika masentimita 30, mphukira zimamangidwa bwino kwambiri m'mitolo, zokutira ndi pepala lakuda, ndikungotsalira nsonga zokhazokha.
- Masamba - mitundu yolemekezeka kwambiri. Amafuna kuthirira nthawi yake, kuchotsa komanso kumasula. Popewa kutumphukira mutatha kuthilira, udzu wouma umayikidwa pansi, patali pang'ono pakati pakatikati, kuti kukula sikule.
Matenda a Celery ndi Tizilombo
Chomera chomwe chili m'mabedi sichitetezedwa ku matenda ndi tizirombo, motero, timalimbikitsidwa kuyang'anira mbewuzo mosamala, pogwiritsira ntchito nthawi yake mavuto atapezeka.
Vutoli | Zizindikiro ndi Zoyambitsa | Njira zoyesera |
| Dzimbiri | Mitundu yaying'ono ya utoto wofiirira, wobalalika pansi pamasamba ndi petioles. Pang'onopang'ono madera omwe akhudzidwa amawuma. | Monga chithandizo, kupopera mankhwalawa ndi malo a Fitosporin-M pakuchitika kwa 4-5 mg pa lita imodzi yamadzi kumagwiritsidwa ntchito. Mankhwala ambiri safunika pa 1 sq. m 100 100 ml okha zofunika. yankho. |
| Seporia | Nyengo yabwino, yonyowa, malo achikaso okhala ndi timiyala tating'ono timawoneka pazomera m'masiku otsiriza a chilimwe. Pa zimayambira pali zotupa za bulauni. | Njira zochizira Topsin-M ndi Fundazole zimachitika. Mankhwalawa ndi oopsa, motero amayimitsidwa masiku 20 tsiku lokolola lisanafike. |
| Cercosporosis | Chizindikiro cha matendawa ndi mawanga owoneka bwino okhala ndi masamba a bulauni pamiyala, m'mbuyomu timiyala tomwe timakutidwa ndi utoto wofiirira. | |
| Downy khosi | Chifukwa cha kutentha kwamphamvu ndi mame ozizira m'mawa, udzu winawake umakutidwa ndi utoto wansalu yoyera, pomwe vutolo likuipiraipira, filimu yokhala ndi zigamba zakuda ikuwonekera. | Amathandizidwa ndi kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa ndi kulowetsedwa kwa munda nthula. Mankhwalawa amakonzedwa motere: 300 magalamu a chikhalidwe chophwanyidwa amathiridwa mu ndowa imodzi yamadzi ndikuloledwa kuyimirira kwa maola 8. |
| Nkhaka zithunzi | Vutoli limanyamulidwa ndi tizirombo, nsabwe za m'masamba ndi nkhupakupa. Zala kapena mphete zamitundu yosiyanasiyana ndi mawonekedwe zimawoneka pamtengowo. | Zizindikiro zikapezeka, tchire zimawonongeka. Matendawa samachiritsidwa. |
| Borsch kuuluka | Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda kwambiri mu Meyi, ntchentche timapanga ubweya pansi pa khungu la masamba. Pankhaniyi, ma tubercles mawonekedwe. Mphutsi zimadyanso timiyala tambiri mkati mwa mphukira pakukula. | Njira yokhayo yodzitetezera ku ntchentche ndi anyezi wobzalidwa kanjira. Monga njira yodzitetezera, tikulimbikitsidwa kuwunika bwino mabedi. |
| Carrot kuuluka | Kugona ana pansi pa mizu. Mphutsi kudya amadyera ndi mphukira, mizu ndi masamba. | Tchire lomwe lakhudzidwa ndi mbewu zoyandikana nazo zimasamalira mayendedwe ndi mchenga wosalala, mpiru wouma ndi fodya wophatikizidwa. |
| Nyemba aphid | Zoyipa za mbewu, zimamwa zakumwa za masamba masamba, pomwe ndizonyamula matenda. | Utsi ndi decoction nsonga za mbatata, tomato kapena dandelion. Mutha kugwiritsa ntchito kulowetsedwa kwa madzi a malalanje pa 10: 1. Khalani m'malo amdima kwa masiku atatu, ndiye utsi wamatchi omwe akhudzidwa ndi nsabwe za m'masamba. Monga njira yothanirana, tikulimbikitsidwa kuyeretsa masamba a namsongole ndi zinyalala m'malo moyenera. |
A Dachnik alangiza: momwe mungachotsere ndikusunga udzu winawake
Mtundu uliwonse wa udzu winawake amakula munthawi yake ndipo muyenera kukolola moyenerera:
- Tsinde - kukolola kumapeto kwa yophukira, ndikusankha kusiya mitundu ingapo pachilimwe.
- Muzu - muyenera kukumba mizu mbewu isanu chisanu. Kukula kumapitilira mpaka pakati pa nthawi yophukira, kotero kuwonda ndi kudya gawo la mbewu ndikololedwa. Kumbani mbewu mosamala, osavulaza mbewu zoyandikana.
- Leafy - amadyera amachokapo, kudulira sikukhudza thanzi la mbewu. Mizu yake imakololedwa, ndipo nthambizo zazikulu zimayesedwa ndi kutumizidwa kuti zizisungidwa.
